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f KHASI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY BT V NISSOE SINGH EDITED BY Major P. R. T. GURDON, i.a., U DOHORY ROPMAY, b.a., AKD U HAJOM KISSOR SINGH. PRINTED AT THE EASTERN BENGAL AND ASSAM SECRETARIAT PRESS, SHILLONa. 1906, Frke 2s, 3d!.] [Price Be, 1-8 anms.

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Agents for tha skle of &00U8 published by th« Assam Administration. Agents In India (O Mes*rs. Th»cWer, Spinlc & Co., Calcutta. (4) Messrs. A. M. and J. Ferguson, Ceylon (2) Messrs. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. (3) Messrs. S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta. (5) Messrs. R. Combray & Co., 6 and 8/2, Hastings Street, Calcutta. (6) Messrs. Thomson & Co., Madras. Aarents In England. (») Mi. E. Arnold, 41 and 43, Maddox Street, Bond Street, W., London. (2) Vtessrs. Constable & Co.,' 16, James Street, Hay Market, London. (3) Mensrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 43, Gerrard Street,Soho, W., London. (5) Messrs. P. S. King & Son, 9, Bridge Street, Westminster, S. W., London. (6) Mr. B. H. Blackwell, 50 and 51, Broad Street, Oxford. (7) Messrs. Deighton Bell & Co., Cambridge. (8) Messrs. Henry S. King & Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C, London. [4) Mr. B. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly, W., London. (9) Messrs. Grindlay & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S. VV., London. Aeoiits on the Continent of Europe. (i) MM. Friedlandcr and Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin. (j) M.Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzijf. (3) M. Karl Hiersemann, Leipzig. (4) M. Ernest Leroux, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris. (5) MartinusNijhoff, The Hague. (6) Mr. Rudolf Haupt, Halle-a-S, Germany. f ,\ ', SHILLONG FRIN TED BY K. HILL,'>RISS'SUPISINTBNDIMT, SASTBRN BKNOAL AMD ASSAM.

AUTHOU'S PREFxiOE. K53 In bringing out tliis little book before the public, I beg to say that I have engaged in a work so ardaous that I cannot profess to have successfully completed it, but, encouraged by the remembrance that not a few persons have undertaken work of a similar kind in other languages on a small scale at first, I did not shrink from making a like attempt myself. When the work had beou finished, and part of it gone through the press, Sir Bampfyldd Fuller kindly took notice of it, and at his instance a conimittee, composed of U Dohory E-opmay, b,a., U Hajom Kissoi* Singh, and myself, as members, was appointed for revising and enlarging it. As the Cherra dialect has been selected and introduced by the "Welsh Missionaries (and very wisely too) as a standard of the Khasi language, no attempt has been made to insert words of other dialects, excepting in a very few instances. No pains have been spared to consult as many of the bnoks and local newspapers available, as have been published up to date. I have great pleasure in acknowledging my personal obligations to the Eev. J. G. Evans, to Major E. R. W, C. Carroll, I. M.S., and to Major P. R. T. Gurdon, i.a., for the kind and valuable assistance rendered by them. I must not omit to mention here my obligations to the members of the revising committee—U Dohory Ropmay, b.a., and U Hajom Kissor Singh ~-^vho have devoted much time and thought to the revision work, and to some of my Khasi friends from whom I derived assistance. In conclusion, I beg to say that, with all that I and tlse. members of the committee have done, there will still be room for further improvements as years pass. I am, however, satisfied that a foundation has been laid for any improvements that may be made in future. Shillong, ^ 46422^ J NISSOR SINGH December 1904.

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EXPLANATORY NOTES. The reader must first of all make himself acquainted with the letters of the Khasi alphabet, according to which the words have been arranged in this book. These are the letters of the Khasi alphabet :— abkdegnghi ^ j 1 m n (fi) o p r 8 t u w y 2. The following prefixes, which may be formed with verbs and adjectives to make compound words, have been omitted, excepting in the case where the derivatives so formed bear a special meaning from that of the radicals, e.g., jingri — cattle, jinghriew — human, nongwei — a stranger, nongra — a worn-out and useless brass vessel, iaroTi — io Y^?k\s>Q, sngewsih — to be ^OYij, pynhiar — diarrhoea, export, etc. Prefixes of the above kind are — i — (or ih — ), ia — , iai — , jing — , kaba — , la — , myn — , nang — , nong — , pyn — , sngew — , i — , ih — , to appear, to look, as, ibha — to take a fancy to ; isyn-ei — to have pity for ; itlot — to appear weak; i-raikhoh — to appear lean or reduced. ia — , denotes plurality of the subject agreeing with the verb, as, ki ia kren — they are talking ; u ia shoh bad u dkhar — he is fighting with a dkhar. iai"-'^ nang — , expresses continuity or progression of action, as, iai'sneng — to continue to rebuke ; iai-leii — to continue to go; w««^^/zoA— to be writing, is writing ; nangiaid — to be going on, is going on. jing — , when prefixed to a verb or adjective, to form abstract noun, SiSfJingbha — goodness ; Jing shdi — light ; jingleh — ^action, and so on. kaba — , a prefix to form a verbal noun and the imperfect participle, as, kaba sum ka pynkhiUd ia ha met — bathing cleanses the body. ?a— ) a prefix denoting future time, as, lashdi — to-morrow ; lashisngi — day after to-morrow ; lanymwei — next season or year.

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iv NOTES. my?i — , a prefix to denote a doer, as, mynttlh — a tliief ; mynpang — a patient. In adverbs of time it denotes past time, as, mynhynne—o. short time ago ; niynshisngi — day before yesterday ; mynnyniwei — last season or year. nang — , see iai aboye. nong — , denotes a doer or an inhabitant of, as, noiigkren — a speaker; nong Sohra, — a Gherra-man ; nong Mylliem — an inhabitant of Mylliem village. pyn — , a prefix to form a causative verb, pi/iifhoh —to cause one to write ypynshong — to cause one to sit ; 'pynsngew — to announce. sngew — , a prefix which meins to feel, as, sngeTJohha — to be pleased ; sngewmd — to be afraid of; sngeiikw ah— to have a desire ; svgewtlot— to feel weak. A few suffixes have also a significance of their own, suc^i as — diihj — kai, — sa, — sah, — sat, etc., as : — ^h.ong-du1i — to settle permanently. Iaid-/^«z — to ramble, to take a strolL Leh-i-o; — to be peevish. Thiah-saA — to remain sleeping or in bed. Shoh-s«^ — to beat in such a way as to reflect cruelty on the part of the person who beats. 3. The spellings. — The spellings in this book have been followed according as the people speak or write. In some cases the y has been done away with, as in the word kpa instead of kypa, kmie instead of kymie, and in some an apostrophe ( ' ) has been inserted in its place, as, k'iuh for kyiiih, k'iar for kyiar, k'ing for kyi7ig. But in the majority of words both forms of spellings (the old form and the phonetic) have been retained. 4. Imitatives, or word-collocations, have been given where necessary, e.g., khutia, ki, n. details, odds and ends. [Imit. khutia-khntain.] 5. The meaning of an adverb likely to present difficulty in understanding it, has been given with an illustrative sentence. 6. Vowel sounds. a , ^, long, as in ' far '—y«V (a net), sir (to sweep)a short as in *fat'~/«/-/«^ (a rapid), wi«/ (a joint). Unmarked vowels have generally a short sound.

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Abbreviations and Signs used in this Dictionary. a., adj. stands for adjective. ad., adv. j> „ adverb. ahbrev. >> „ abbreviation. aux. j> „ auxiliary. Bot. >) ,, botany, botanical term. coloq. 3J „ colloquial. coll., conj. >> „ conjunction. contr. J> „ contraction. esp. J> „ especially. fig' JJ „ figurative. Hind. >> „ Hindi. i »> „ common gender, used as a term of respect or diminution. imii. J> „ Imitative. Imper. J) ,, Imperative (verb). Impers. )) „ Impersonal. inter., inter] . ,, interjection. ha. » „ feminine. hi, )) „ plural (number). lit. J» ,, literally. n. 1) ,, noun. p.,pr.,pron,^, „ pronoun. part. JJ „ participle. phr. J5 „ phrase. pref. JJ „ prefix. prep. >> „ preposition. suf. i) „ suffix. w^ )) „ masculine. V. J> ,j verb. i, n. )} „ noun, common gender. ka, n. )J „ noun, feminine gender. u, n. )> „ noun, masculine gender.

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KHASI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. A AI A, the first letter in the Khasi Alphabet ; — int. oh ! ah I Ab ! int. the imitation of the cry of a crow. *Abir, XI, n. red i^owder used in the Holi festival. Ak ! int. ah ! ejaculation of disgust at an unpleasant smell. Aku ! int. expressing disgust at a bad smell. Akher-ka-sngi, ka, n. Domesday. ' A-khia, ?/, n. {colloquial) an earnest man. *Ak6r, ka, n. behaviour, conduct. . _,. j' > int. Oho ! dear me ! (expressing acute bodily pain). *Adda, ka, n. a stage for changing horses, dak- runners' etc. Ade, ad. may be, perhaps (same as ide) ; [as, " ade dum ka bneng kumne ba'n slap, mo."j; — int. to express surprise or approbation. Ado ! int. Oho ! yAdong, ka, n. prohibition; — v. to prohibit. {Imit. adong-adit.] ^Adili'-lanot ! } '''^' '^^^ ^'^ ^^ • °^'^^^«"^ "^^ '' Adykar ! ") adv. thoughtfully, economically, moderately ; [as, " bam Adkar ! j" adkar, dih adkat-y^ Ang, 7). to open, to crack. Ang-aug, c^fZy. in the open sun; [as "wat leit shah ha ka sngi ang-aiig.^^^ Ang-um, V. {lit. to open the mouth on account of thirst) ; to bo in a fix. JAngel, Uy n. an angel. Angret, u, n. a dare-devil (from Hindustani Angrez). Ah, V. {colloquial) to cut ; — int. ah ! Ahor, ka, n. a marshy place, a swamp. Ai, V. to give, to bestow. I * Hiudi. I + Englisli.

AIA AI-NONG *Aia, hat n. Ayah. Ai-bai-siew, v. to give money for buying things at a time, as, on a hat-dsLj. [ImiL aibai-siew aibai-tda.] Ai-'baibat, v. to pay ready money. v" Ai-bainong, v. to give wages, to reward. [ImU. ai-bainong ai-baini.] Ai-baishun, v. to give or pay a paltry sum of money. Ai-bat, V, to give one to hold, to entrust with. ^/Ai-b(5r, v. to authorise, to strengthen, to empower. [ImiL aibor ai-sor.] Ai-bud-ndm, v. to slander ; to defame. Ai-kai, v. to give for a time, to pretend to give. *Ai-kaiphod, [legal), v. to give explanation. v/Ai-kam, v. to give employment. [Imil. aikam-aijam.] Ai-khawduh, v. to leave unlooked or uncared for, to be outcasted. Ai-khusnam, v. to confer honour for meritorious conduct. Ai-ksew, v. to put a dog on the scent. ^ Ai-ksnid or ai-ksuid-briew, v. to kill or bring disease on a person by the agency of devils. [Imit. aiksuid-aikhrei.] ^Ai-kum, kaba, n. a Synteng ceremony which a man performs on leaving his mother's or relative's house in order to go and live with his wife and children. [ImU. aikum-aiklong.] v-Ai-kylliang, v. to give a loan. [Imit. ai kylliang-aipalat.] / Ai-da\v, V. to give an excuse ; to give reason for. [Imit. aidaw-aidong.] , Ai-ei, V. to give freely or gratis. vAi-nguh, V. to give thanks. [ImU. ainguh-aidem.] Ai-huspai, v. to indulge. v^Ai-lad, V. to give opportunity, to help. [Inui. ailad-ailynti.] Ai lait-lan, v. to let loose, to give one his own inclination. Ai-li, V. to give one his own way. Ai-mon, v. to give one his own will. "^ Aiu, ka, n. law, statute. [ImU. ka aiii-ka kanun.] *Ai-nishan, v. to name, to point out, to cite, identify. ^ Ai-iiong, V. to give out a work or load to be done or carried on hire. [Imit. ainong-aini.] * Hindi.

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AIOM APOD Aiom, ha^ n. season, time. Ai-pop, V. to charge with, to blame for. Ai-reng, v, to present the horn (bull-fighting) ; to oppose ; to confront. /Ai-rong, v. to paint. \Imit. airong-airup.] i/Ai-sakhi, v. to give evidence. \Imit. ai-sakhi-ai-satar.] Ai-sboh, IK to manure. vA.i-shah, v. to give on credit. \Imit. aishah-aisham.] /Ai-siew, v. to sell a thing on payment of its cost price. [Imt'L aisiew-aitda.] .vAi-sniew, v. to poison. [Imit. aisniew-aismeh.] v/Ai-sut, V. to give money on interest. [Imit, aisut-aibut.] Ai'ti, V. to give up, to hand over, to deliver up. A-iu, p. what. A-iu-re-aiu, 7i. something. Ale, V. imper. come. ^ Alhia, a. lazy, idle. [Imit, alhia-alput.] Along, ka, n. a lock-up, a Kajut. Am, V. to bite, to plant the teeth in ; — imper. only^ give me. Ama or Amai ! int. oh ! (in case of a narrow escape). 'amduh, ha, n. the wisdom tooth. Amrang, ka, n. harsh tone, empty words. *Ana, n. anna ( ^-g of a rupee) . Ani, int. Oh ! (whenin pain or surprise). fAnipot, ha, n. misfortune. An-na, a. idiotic. *Antad, v. to guess, to conjecture ; — adv. by way of conjecture ; moderately. Sind. andaz. *Antra, ha, n. chorus. Ap, V. to wait, to stay for. Ap-dien, v. to guard or watch from behind. \_Imit. apdienapbud.] *Aphing, Aphim, Aphin, ha, n. opium. Ap-phira, v. to guard as a sentinel. t Apod, ha J n. trouble, calamity. * Hindi, j t Bengali. b2

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4 AP-THAP ARSUT Ap-tliap, r, to He in Avait for. ^ Ap-tiili, V. to waylay. [Imit. aptiih-aptliiem.] ; to wait stealthily. Ar, a. two. Arban, a. two-fold, double. Arbriew, n. two shares, two votes. Arbaliang, a. both sides (of a dispute). Arbud, a. two folds (of twisted-thread). Arbyteng, | ^,^^ ^^_ ^ .^.^^ ^^^ ^^^^ things). Arbteng, j Arkhap, Jca, n. a cleft, a narrow place between two up-rising mounds, a gorge. Arkhep, ha, n. two occasious. Arklur, n. two crores. Arkup, A-«, n. two suits of clothes (said of wrappers or shawls). Ardeng, ha, n. two pairs of ornaments. Arduna shisuka, a, Re. 1 annas 12 ; so also arduna-ar-anna.= Re. 1 annas 14, etc. Arngat, a. two (persons). Arhajar, ha^ n. two thousand. Ari ! int. an ejaculation expressing a sensation of cold. Arldd-nm, ha, n. the junction of two rivers. See sdad, slika. Arlak, ha, n. two lakhs. Arliang, ha, n. two sides ; — ad. into two parts, in halves. Arliang niamla, ha, n. two contending parties. Armet, ha^ n. {lit. two bodies) hence to be in the family way. Arpateng, ha, n. two steps, two generations. Arphew, a. tweaty. Arpiah, ha, n. lis. 2 annas 8. i'Aro ! int. {colloquial), there you are ! Arsap, a. two-fold, hypocritical. Arshah, ad. doubly," twice as much. Arsh'ing, ha, n. {lit. two cowries) hence 2 pice — when used along with annas, as, liii-arsh'ing = Sa. 2p. Same as Arshyieiig. Arsicn, ado, twice. Arsut, adv. downwards. t Bengali (^t^).

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ARTAT ATOSKHANA ' Artat, adv. besides, at the same time [as, " u trei bad ka siaw artai"^^ ; on the Avav, on passing by [as, *' wan khot artat ynda phi leit, ho."] Artatien, a. doiibtfal. Arteng", ad. two occasions A rtet, adv. np, upwards, northwards. Arwat, adv. twice, two fokls (of string). *Asbab, ka, n. luggage. *Asha,r, ka, n. preserved fruits or vegetables, chutney. Asir, ka, n. a toll at Lakhat Bazar in Kliyrim. [^Imit. ka dan ka asir.] Astor, ka, n. the plastering with lime. At, V. to swell, to bulge out, to harbour ill feelings. *Ata, w, n. flour. *Atad, ka, n. a compound of a house. At-bylleu, v. to swell as if affected with nettle-rash. Atbylliang, kaha, n. swelling as if caused by a lash of a whip. At-khu, V. to be envious of. jAtkpoh, V, to have flatulence. [Imit. atkpoh-atsnier.] At-kuda, V. to be formed into a notch. "^Atiar, ka, n. instrument, weapon {Hind. Hatiar). Atjalyngkhiang, ka, n. a glandular swelling. Al Vl " ' \^'" scoltlingj unlucky, obstinate. A j-11 • °' [ V, io swell all over. Atlbmg, ) Atlyngkding, v. to swell (of the abdomen). Atmiang, v. to have the mumps. At-mytung, v. to swell prominently, same aa At-mttmg. Atnud, xi. to feel revengeful, to envy. At-pateng-pateng, v. to form swellings here and there. At-phyllung, v. to roll in waves. Atsohkhliang, v. to have an excrescence on the body. *Ator, ka, n. sweet scent. *Atoskhana, u, n. chimney. * Hindi.

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AT-TOP BANG At-top, V. to be dropsical. Awa], / j^^^ ^^ voice, sound. "Aw at, ) Aw-aw, (ml-), ad. importunately (crave) . [As, " u ud aw-aw kum u b'ym ioli ka ja ba'n bam ruli."] Awria, a. licentious. B. B, the second letter in tbe Kliasi alphabet. Ba, 1. conj. that, for, inasmuch as, since. 2. As a 'prefix^ it forms Adj.^ as, ict^bha. 3. As a suffix, it forms a Relative Pron., as, Imba, uba, etc. 4. V. to flash, to light [as, " ka leilieh ka &«."] 'ba {abbrev. of kba), n, n, paddy, as, u '&a-lum= highland rice. Babe, v. to rue, to repent. ^ Babha, a. good. \Im%t. babha-bamiat.] *Baborshi, n. a cook. /tBabu, u^ n. a Baboo, a native gentleman, a writer, a school master. \^lmit. u Babu-phubu.] Bak, ad. away, sharp [as, " u la leit noh hah sha ing."] Bak-bak, ad. heedlessly [as, " u la laid baJc-bak khiem kyrtiang dien."] Bakha, n. a son or daughter of a maternal uncle or paternal aunt. ' Bakhor, Ut n. gunpowder. Bakhraw, a. large, big, great ; — w, n. a dignitary, a noble. s/Bakhraw-batri, u, n. a noble, a person of high family. Bak-jingbak, ad. in spite of opposition, persistently [as, " u shu phet lyndet bah-jingbah khlem kren ia nga."] , Bakla, v. to err, to make a mistake, \lmit. bakla-bakli.] Bad, conj. and ; — prep, with. Bdd, V. to exclude, to make an exception. Baden, ka, n. an irrigated rice field. Ba-ding, t\ to light with a torch or lamp. Badon-ba-em, n. a well-to-do person. Bang, a. tasty, savoury, palatable; — Jca^ n. a piece of bamboo with which the Bengalis carry loads by throwing it across the shoulder. * Hindi. J t Bengali.

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BAFI BAJAWALLA Bab, V. to carry on one's back, to bear ;— ?/, n. an elder brother {voc. case, and a term of respect) ; — a, great, big (generally joined AYith a Noun in its abbreviated form, as, 'maw6«/^, 'rad^^A, etc.). 'ba-hab, w, n. same as 'ba-pyntbor. Bah -bang, v. to carry loads witli a stick across the shoulder, like the Bengalis. Bahkhala, v. to be answerable for, to be responsible for. Bahkyndong, v. to be always carrying. Bahryndang, v. to be vicarious. Bahtympha, z/, n. wall -plate. 'bai, u, 11. [abbreo. of shai), a cowry [this is seen in the names of different varieties of cowrie-shells, as u 'bai-kmii, u ^bai-. shuti]; — /i'a, 11. price or value. Ba-iai, a. always, steadfast [as, " ko Pa ba lah ba-z«?."] \/baibam, ka, 7^. allowance, diet expenses, stipend. \^l'miL 'baibam ' — 'bai-dili ] 'baibat, ka^ n. cash, ready-money, ^baikhrong, ka. n. toll, tax. \Imit. 'baikhrong-'bai musur.] 'baikliarwait, ka^ n. redemption money, war indemnity. Baid (iam-), ad. peevishly (cry). v>!3ailut, ka^ n, expenditure, cost. \Imit. bailut-baisep.] 'bai mynraiukhmat, ka^ n. compensation for breach of any contract or agreement, es'p. a marriage contract. Baiii-bain, ad. very (soft, as, jem baifi-bain). 'bainong, ka, n. wates, salxry. \I\uit. 'bainong-'baini.] Baiong, v. to be giddy, to be attacked with headacho. \lmU. baioDg-bangit.] Ba ioh, 'plir. lest, for fear. -^a-ioh-ba-kot, flir. a well-to-do person. 'bai-seng, ka, n. capital, money for carrying on any business. 'baisngi, ka^ n. daily wages. vf^baisiew, ka, n. money given to meet immediate necessary expenses, as, on a /m^-day. \_Imit. 'baisiew-'bai-tda.] Bait, V. to sharpen (a stick). 'baiwai, ka, n. rent. *Bajawalla, ka, n. band (military) — u, a bandsman. ' * Hindi.

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8 BAJE bAmRWING *Baje, ha^ n. clock, watch, gong. Balangj ka, n. the church ; a society (religious) ; — a. gathered, congealed. Bajuhon, u, n. a kind of bracelet. Balei ? ad. why ? for what reason. Balia, -v. to interfere, to meddle. 'bd-liim, ?^, n. See 'ba. Bam, D. to eat. \_Imit. bam-dih.] Bam-bnai, v. to board ; to live at another's table for pay. Bambriew, adj. cannibal, man-eating. Bam-khuti, v. to take bribes. Bam-krang, v. to undermine. Bam kwai ha ing U Blei, plir. {lit) to eat betel nut in the house of God. This is a form of speech among- the Khasis wlienever they happen to make mention of a departed relative or friend. Ba-met, a. full (said of tubers and fruits). Bam-ngem, adj. one who commits secret faults. \_IniU. bamngembamsap.] Bam-hynroh-n-bnai, kala, n. eclipse of the moon. Bam-hynroh-ka-sngi, haha^ n. eclipse of the sun. Bam-ja-khluit, v. {lit. to eat scalding cooked rice) hence to be too hasty in doing a thing.* Bam-jajah, v. to take cold rico, to have a mid-day meal. Bam-jasngi, v. to take tiffin or mid-day nieal. Bam-niang-iap, kaha, n. a disease which attacks the under part of the toes, supposed to be caused by sand getting bet\Yeen the cleavage. Bam-fiiangriej, v. to be wormeaten (said of fruits). *Bamon, n. a Brahmin. Bampong, kciha^ n. cancer, scrofula. Bamplan, v. to live from hand to mouth. Bamram, v. to live in debt, to incur debt. \_Imit. bamram-bamshah.] Bamrwing, u. to eat a thing (fruits, etc.) on the way for personal desire or necessity, [e.g., a traveller who plucks fruits (from a grove belonging to others) on the way for eating there and then and not for taking them home or for selling is said to ham-7^wwg.'\ * Hindi.

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9 BAMSAP BASA Bamsap, v. to take bribes; to commit secret faults. Bam-sbiteng-kpoh, v. to take half a meal. Bamsih, v. to eat bad things {e.g. the flesh of dead animals, of dogs, etc.). Bamtyngka, v. to take bribes. Bam-tyllan, v. to devour ; to eat without throwing away anything of it., to eat wholly [as, in, the case of a fowl — without throwing away the entrails or feathers.] Ban, V. to press upon, to treat cruelly, to oppress ; — ^ka, n. a bcm or mantra. I Ban, ka-i n. a dam ; a bund. Ba'n=sign of Inf. to; — prep, to, in order that. Ba'n la, phr. rather than. *Banat, ka, n. a woollen cloth. \_Imit. ka banat-ka patu.] Ban budkhia, v. to stitch. Bandari, w, n. a revenue official in Jaintia Hills in the time of the late Bajas of Jaintia. *Bandobos, v. to make arrangements ; to settle. Bania, u, n. a goldsmith. Banse, v. (used negatively) obliged to, to have no other alternative (as, u'm banse=-hQ is obliged). Ban-snaiap, kaba, n. incubus. Bauiun, ka^ n. a bog. Baphoi, a. vindictive, captious, easily offended. Bapli, a. pitiable, poor. 'ba-pynthor, m, n. lowland rice. Bar, ka^ n. outijide, surface, — phr. leit-&

10 BASAN BElf^-SHYNTUR Bafan, u, n. a state official in the Khasi Hills ; a petty village official in the Jaintia Hills. Bashala, a. not straight, crooked (of planks). Bashia, a. to be particular in the choice of food ; fastidious. Bashla, v. to be dazzled. Basli, kcif n. a flute. Bat, V. to hold, to catch hold of, to grasp. 'bat, u, n. {abhrev. of kynbat) weed ; medicinal plant. 'bat-iambait ii, n. the sensitive plant. 'Batabak, (shata), ka, n, a leaf -umbrella. Batai, v. to explain, to make clear, SJmit batai-satai.] *Bate, V. to distribute. Batip, ad. knowingly (often ironically, as, u kren hatip). \_hmtbatip-banang.] Batip sngi, a. good, well-behaved. [Imii. batipsngi-tipnong.] Bed (same as bet) . fBeng, ka, n. a big frog. Beh, V. to send away, to expel, to pursue, to seek ; as, a prefix == about to (as in the words, beh^h.oh, hehloh, behihok). Behbeiii, v. to drive or persecute wrongly, \Jmit. behbein-beh-khoh.] Behkha-behman, a. helpful to neighbours in time of need. Behdiengkhlam, ha, n. a Synteng annual festival to drive away pestilence (cholera) . Behmrad, v. to hunt after wild animals (so also, beh-skei, beh khiat, beh-dngiem, etc.). \Imit. behmrad-behmreng.] Behnongshohnoh, v. to pursue in order to murder for the propitiation of u Thlen. [ImiL behnongshohnoh- behnongshohtuh.] Behsbai, v. to go about collecting debts. Behshnong, v. to excommunicate (from the village). \_Irnit. behshnong-behthaw.] Behshoh, v. to threaten to beat. [Imit. behshoh-behdat.] Bei, V. to help with money, — ka, n, mother (Synteng). *Be-ijot (leh), v. to dishonour. *Bei-man (same as b'ymman), adv. falsely, untrustworthily. Bein, V. to scorn, to despise, to challenge ; — adv. scornfully, contemptuously, cruelly [as, leh bein^ Beiii-shyntur, v. to make a mouth. * Hiudi. I t Bengali.

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11 BEIT BIANG Beit, a. straight, right ; — adv. uprightly ; — v. to agree. tBela, ka^ n. a violin. JBen, ka, n. bench, — . u soh, — a kind of fruit the kernel of which is cooked and eaten. Ber, V. to sprinkle powder. Bcr, adv. like a flash [as, " nga ioh-i ia ka hamar ba ka bd ka lei-lieh 5^/-."] Bet, V. to sow; — u, n. sedge ; — also a word put at the end of a sentence and is equivalent to " let me see " [as, " u'n leh a-ia ftei."] Bet-dier, v. to be late in the season to sow, late sowing. Bet-lap, v. to sow a seed early in the season, Bha, ad. well ; good, better. Bhabriew, a. beautiful, pretty. * Bhang, M, ?^.. bhang, Indian wild hemp; — {khie-) v. to become mad, as from the effect of bliang. • Bhah, ka, n. share, f Bhai, w, n. a friend. Bhamet, a. healthy, having a good constitution. Bhar, ka^ n. a number containing thirty-two (in counting fruits at Cherra and other bazars), Bha-sngi, a. lucky. Bhek, ad, heavily, (as, hap hheky buh hhek). Bhoh, V. to desire impudently. Blioi, ;/. the inhabitant of the northern lowlands of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills ; an ignorant man. Bhuk-bhak, ad. confusedly (as, ki la bred hhuk-hhak la ki jingkit). Bhum-bham, ad. with conf asion of noises [as, " nga shu sngew da ka jingsawa hlmm'bham jong u paitbah."] Bhur, ka, n. (goes along with pang) epilepsy ;— «. one of a herd (said of wild boars). *Bhut, u, 71. a ghost, evil spirit. [Imit. u bhut-u: soitdn.] Bhut-bhat, ad. instantly (as, bam bhut bhat). fBia, V. to marry. Biang, a. enough, — ad. again, a second time; in peace [as, "khie laid biang ho."] f Hindi. I t Bengali. | + English. 0 3

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12 BIANGBIANG BISHNI Biangbiang, ad. carefully [as, leh biang biaiig'] "Biah, V. to spit ; to change ; to return the exc 3ss money in a bar" ter ; — n. ka, a bundle of 60 pan or betel-leaves. Biahphongrai, v. to infect, to taint, to lay eggs on flesli (by a fly). Biah-tynipew, v. to apj)ly a little quantity of lim3 to a pan-lGa,i folded. Biar, ka, n. a wall {ekra) ; girth. Biat, V. to eat a little at a time (of small pulses) . Bikrompnkliiah, katU. a very large eagle (fabulous). fBidesi, ad. to a foreign land [as, " bun ki Khasi kiba ghongsang ki leit Z>?c?m."] Bidong, V. to be strict ; — ad. strictly, Trithoit indulgence [as, " balei phi kren bidong eh ia ki khun."] Bieit, a. foolish, disabled, dumb. [Imit. babieit-ba anna.] Same as bie/. Bih, ka, n. poison. Bijai, V. t ) become worthless; — bi/aiei, ad. in vain, for nought. *Bijar, a. sorrowful, grievous ; — v. sorry. *Bilat, ka, n. England ; Europe. Bill, w,w. an iron instrument for lifting a cooking vessel from the fire; an instrument for punishing criminals, leg-chaiu. [^Imit. u bili-u kynda.] JBim, u. n. a beam ; — ad. heavily (as the fall of big timbers or stones), [as, "u maw u hap biai hapoh um."] Bin, a''^. carefully (to pick), [as, " wat leh khlemakor, da tarn bin ia ki sohkhawja."] Bin-bin, ??. an atom ; — ad. very small. [As, "ki symbai kibarit bin-bm.^'^ Binong-bishon (khun-), a. good, noble. tBir, ka, n. a marsh, a lake. T')ira-biri, a. to be in confusion. Biria, ad. jokingly [as, " wat bitar haba nga kren biria.''] [/mif. biria-birai]. JBiskit, u, n. a biscuit. fBiskurom, u. n. god of all arts ; a Khasi Vulcan. *Bishar, v. to judge ; — n. legal proceedings. iLnit. bishar-khadar.] Bishni, v. to be envious. * Hindi. | f Bengali. | J English.

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13 BISTI BONG KNANG *Eisti, u. n. a water-carrier, a hhisti. Bit, a. fit, proper ; — v. to t^tick ; to resemble. Bitar, a. aDgcy. Blab-blab {kren)^ ad. to jabber. Bldd, a. tasteless, unpalatable. Blait, ad. tbroiigh, acrosi, (as, mih Malt). , Blait-blait, (lieh-), ad. bloodlessly (white). Blang, n. goat. Blang-\\-bbe(i, u, n. collective name for sacrificial articles brought by ryots to the Nongkrem annual puja. (Bhed= quota of ^J(:w^ leaves). Blar-blar, ad. pale [as, "balei ka khmat ka lieh hlar hlar kumne ?"] — a. not tasty, colourless, (as, *'u shet hlar-hlar ia ka jyntah"). Blaw, (sngew-), v. feel lonely. v^Siei, n. God, a god. \Imit. ki blei-ki-dken.] Blei-thaw, w, n. an idol, an image. Bliat-bliat, ad. altogether, completely (as, khoh hliat-hliat). Blir-blir ad. pale (as, stem blir-blir). Bloit, V. to fall off; — ad. suddenly and imperceptibly (as, mih hloit). Blom-blom, ad. mutteringly [as, "ki briew ki iakron blom blom.'^] Bluit, ad. suddenly (as, mih blint). Blur, ad. through, from side to side (as, pei blur). Bna, V. to hear, to be informed. Bnai, u, n. moon, month. Bnerg, s^e byneng. Bniah, see byniah. Bniap, see byniap. Bniat, see byniat. Bniej, same as byniej. Bnoh, u, n. u purlin, a stick with a crooked head. Bok, Jca, 11. luck. [Imit. ka bok-ka rwiang.] , *Bok-bok, V. to bother. Bong-ang, v. to stand or sit astride, to straddle. Bong-knang (raikhoh-, rit-), ad. lean and thin. [As, " i briew HhdbVii bong knang.^^^ — * Hindi. — —

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14 BOH BROI Boh, V. to tie behind, Bohkhaila, ka, n. a dhoti or a garment for the loins (worn by males). Boi, V. to swarm, to be plentiful. Boi-boi, ad. soft and coming off easily (as, lah hoi-hoi). *Boiua, ka^ n. earnest or pledoje money. Boifi-boin, ad. very soft, yielding (as, jem boin-hoin). Boit, n. a fabulous fairy of only a cubit in stature ; a Lilliputian ; a small boy in the War districts. * Boit ha, ka, n. a rudder. JBol, ka, n. ball; bowl. Bor, ka, n, power, inj3.uence, authority, [/mit. ka bor ka s6r.] §Borkapor, ^a, ?*. akind of coarse cotton cloth. (J3e7ig. hovo-ksu~ por). *Borkyndat, u, n. a guard for prisoners (from Barkandaz). Borma, ti. n. auger ; a native of Burma. *Borti, ka^ n. a bucket ; — v. to enlist. Brah, ka^ n. the upas tree. Brai, v. like, fond of ; — u^ n. a kind of white mongoose. Brtii, ad. asunder (of a string when snapped [as, " dkut hrai u jyrmi."] Bram, a. poisonous (of fungi or fruits). Bran (laid), ad, quickly, briskly, in haste. Bred, v. to throw away. Bred-ei, v. to throw away as worthless. Breifi-brein, ad. falling softly like a drizzle. Bri, ka, n. a grove, an estate, a farm. [^Imit. ka bri-ka kliyndew.] Bria, ad. slightly, indistinctly (as, thoh hria). Bri-kwai, ka^ n. a betel-nut grove. Brin, ad. as in a row (as mih brin). Brisoh, ka, n. an orange grove {lit. fruit grove). Briw, briew, w. a mnn, woman, person ; («-) the apple of the eye— * •pi. ki 6W^to= people. Broh, ad. pitted (generally goes along with soh). Broi (soh), u, n. a kind of sour fruit. * Hiudi. I X English. | § Assamese.

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15 BROIN BTHUH Broin, «fZ. spotted, (as, thoh broin) . Brop, ad. unexpectedly, gradually (as, hap bro2)) . Brop-brop, ad. in drops. Brot, ka, n. bronze. Bmb, see sob bruh. Bruin, ad. with large spots (as, thoh bruin). Brum-brum, ad. with heavy steps of a number of persons ; [as iaid brum-brum.^ Bsa, V. to feed, to nourish. \_Iriiit. bsa-btiah.] Bsap, V. to hide, to mix with, to insert. Bseifi, u, n. a serpent. [Imit. ka bseiii-ka mait.] Bshad, Uf n. a civet. Bsiang, ka, n. coal tar, pitch. Bsiap, v. to put between two things; ; to insert. Bsiat kti, v. to fillip ; to snap one's fingers at. Bsiat-ksai, v. to mark a straight line with a thread. Bsong, n. a ferret. Bsuh, w to push in, to intrude. Bsut, V. to force a way through, to enter. Bta, V. to wash the face, to besmear the face with. Btai, a. weary, tired. Btaj-btaj, ) ad. muddily, soft and sticky. [As, "kane ka ja ka Btej-btej, ) \em btaj-btaj. '"'] Btat, ad. snappishly, asunder (as, dykut btat). Bteng, V. to join. Btep, V. to cover with earth, to put under ground. Btet, a. a taste like that of an unripe fruit ; astringent. \ Bthah, V. to send word to, to inform, to instruct. [Imit. bthahbthing.] Bthat, V. to break with the hands, to snap. Bthei, V. to explode, to burst. Bther, ad. at random [as, ki shu siat bther.] — v. to put additional ties. Bthi, a. sticky (of fat). Bthing, ka, n. wax. Bthong, n. a hog-deer. Bthuh, a, mouldy, gray.

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16 BTI BIjID Bti, Jccti fi. a kind of tree or wood of reddish colour called poma in Bengali. Btiar, v. to feel a stinging pain. Btin, V. to lead by the hand. Btuid, V. to slip ; — a. slippery. Btiir, V. to connect or link as a line of argument. Bukhir, a. stingy, niggardly, parsimonious. \_Imit. u bukhir-u sakhir.] Bu-aid, V. to be intoxicated with liquor. [/mzV. bu-aid-tanglang.] Biik-bak, ad. as quick as possible [as, trei huJc-hak]. Bdd, V. to follow, to imitate ; — n. a fold of a thread or rope, as shibud=:.QjxQ fold, ar6M(i= two-fold, etc. fBudam, w, n. a button. Bud-da, M, n. a carpenter's brace. Bud-dien, v. to track, to follow, to scent.Biid-markjat, v. to follow close to the heels. Buh, V. to put, to place, to apjioint. Buhai, v. to provide ; to colo^^ize. Buhai-shnong, v. to colonise. Buhbot, V. to be mindful, to devote one's attention to. Buhbynda, v. to mortgage. [Iinit. buhbynda-buhbyndop. ] Buhkam, v. to engage, to give employment. \_ImU. buhkam-buh» jam.] Buh-ktien, (ia-), v. to betroth. [Imit. buh ktien-buhthylliej.] Buhkhoh, bukhoh, ad. disappointed, aggrieved [as, " u la sngeiv bukJioh shibun eh."] Buh-ia, V. to appoint a time. Buhmld, V. to cherish revenge, to bear a grudge. Buhrih, v. to hide. [Imit. buhrih-buhkai.] Buh-sngi, v. to appoint a day, to postpone. [Imit. buhsngi-buhia.] *Bu-iam, u, n. a jar {esp. one m.ade of porcelain). Biiid, a. itching, exciting. * Hindi. | t Bengali.

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17 BUI5J B^YMLER Buifi, V. to Slick. Buin-b4in, ad. with grimaces, contortively, [as, '' khih ka khmat OBuit, ka, n. cunningness, cleverness, scheme. [■Imit ka-buit-kaakor.] v/Buitti, a. inclined to stealing, limit, buit-ti-buit-jat.] fBujai, V. to explain. Bula, u, n. a mask ; a masquerader. Bulor, bilor, w, fi. a bottle. Biin, a. many, much. Bun, Uy n. burnt turf for manure. BAn-ktien, a. talkative, loquacious. Bunshah, ad. many times as much. Bunsien, ad. often, many times. Bur, V. to creep or catch (like fire from one grassy plot to another). Biir, Jctti n, a raft. Buria, v. to give compensation for. wBm'om, ha^ n. honour, glory ; — v. to honour. [Imit. ka burom-ka surom.] *Buskit, ka, n. gift, a present. Bydi, ka^ n. twenty (used in counting fire-wood, etc. same as bdi). Bylla, V. to work as a day-labourer ; — ad. right through (pierced) [as, "pei bylla u khnam."] Byllai, ad. in great numbers, (as, bun byllai). Bylliang, (at-), ad. having the marks of stripes. [As, "usympat ha ban da at bylliang.^'] Bylliat, ka, n. a kind of hard wood. Bylllen, ad. very numerously, (as, iaid byllien) . Byllud, V. to pass so as just to touch anything, to rub gently, to graze. Byllun, ad. bulgingly, like a cramp, (as, at byllim). B'ym, phr. that. ..not, because it is not. (It is a contraction of ba + ym.) B'ymdei, a. improper, not right. (Ba -f ymdei.) B'ymjukut, a. eternal. B'ymler, a. good for nothing. * Hindi. | t Hcugali, l>

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18 BYNA BYRHIEN Byna, v. to hear, to be informed, (same as hna). Byndi, w, n. the moon, a month, (same as bnai). Bynda, Jca^ n. mortgaged article. \^Imit. bynda-byndop.] Byndi, v. to mortgage, [/mz^.ibyndi-byndop] — ka, n. a prison. Byneng, ka, n. the heaven, the sky, (same as hneng). Bynhei, u, n. contribution for sacrifice (used along with the word synniang). Byniah, ad, fastidiously, carefully, [same as hniahi as, leh bniah.'\ Byniap, ka, n. a bush, a thicket, (same as bniap). Byniat, ka, n, tooth (same as hniat). Byniat-hati, ka, n. the tusk of an elephant, ivory. Byniej, ka, n. a square fish-net drawn by one person and tied from the four corners to a pole, (same as hniej). ■ Byniup-byfiiup, «. drizzling (used with 'Z«ip). Byniiiaw, ad. peevishly, mournfully, (as, leh hynniaw). Bynoh, u, n. a pole, a stick with a crooked end ; — a. curved, bent. Bynniid, v. to regret. Bynrap, v. to side with, to place togeth^ with. Bynriew, u, n. human being ; — ad. in good condition, sound. [As, " mynta ba phi la nang bam te la i bynriew had kumne kein phin nang shait irat."] ;Pynshet, v. to let down a load. Bynta, ka, n. a portion, a share, a lot. Bynthiew, v. to spit with violence. Byr, when used with Adjective =suf.—«sA, (as, 5^rsaw= reddish, %nong=blackish) . Byrddw, ka, n. a she-demon, supposed to cause convulsive fits. ^l Byrngem, v. to threaten, to menace. [Imit. byrngemrbyrngit.] Byrngia, a. to be liking, to be pleasing ; — v. to while away tho time. Byrngiang, a. bitterish (like quinine). Bymgut, a. dusky, evening, murky. Byrngut-byrnget, ad. dimly, indistinctly, (as, shai byrnguU byrnget). Byrbai, ad, many and in order, (as, shong byrJiai). ^yrbien. c[,d, many and in prder, (as, laid byrjiien).

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19 BYRHUIN KABA-KAI Byrhuin, ad. reddish, [as, u soh u saw byrhuin]. Byr-ie, a. dim, impaired, amblyopic (used with- khmat to denote imperfect eyesight). Byr-iong, a. blackish. Byrnep, ad. thick with, (as, rben hyrnep). Byrni, ka, n. a sack, a coarse bag. \_Imit. byrni-byrkhew.] Byrni-dong, ka, n. a small sack ; a gunny bag. Byrshem, v. to push in the faggots, to abut, to join together, to come in contact. Byrship, a. knock-kneed. Byrsieh, a. defiling ; — u, n. a god who presides over or superintends defilement. Byrta, ka^ n. a notice, an announcement. Byrthap, ka, n. a plank partition. Byrthen, v. to rage (like a big tire), to threaten loudly ; to vociferate. Byrthiew or pyrthiew, u, n. parched pulses \—kaba-i ^- eruptions. Byrthit, a. fastened to, clinging, viscous. Byrthit peisa, a. niggardly, hard to bring out money for payment ; miserly. Byrthup, a. greyish. Byrtia, a. stingy, hard to pay one's dues. Byrtong, ad. as a sorcererj (as, kren byrtong). Byrtun-byrten, ad. long and entwining, [as, " balei ka met kaat byrtmi-byrten.'"'] Bythat, v. to snap, (same as bthat). K. K, the third letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Ka, art. a, an, the ; a sign of the Teminine or Neuter Gender, — she, it. It is also a word put at the end of a sentence for the sake of euphony, [as, " phi'm shim balei ka''^ K'a, ka^ n. a Simul tree (see kya), Kaba, 1. p. who, which, what ; 2. (prefix) used before verbs and Adjectives to form Abstract Nouns meaning that which is ; as, kaba saw, kaba bha. *Kabab, ka, n. roasted flesh. Kaba-kdi, n. plaything, sport, sham, not rea.. * Hindi. D a

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20 KABO KALEW Kabo, V, to request, solicit importunately (Synteng origin). Kabu, ka, n. good luck, opportunity. |Kak, u, n. a cork. Kad, V. to tear, to rend ; — ka^ n. a place of meeting, a harbour. *Kada, ka, or u, n. an ass. Kadiang, ka^ n. left hand, left hand side. Kadjatdoh, kaba, n. cracks on the underpart of the toes. Ktidlongbneng, v. to shoot upward (with an arrow). Ead-shyntur, kaba, n. hare-lip. Kaei ? p. who ? what ? Kaei-kaei, n. a thing, anything, Kaei-kaei-ruh-em, pJir. nothing at all. Kaei-re-kaei, phr. something or other, (wc know not). Rang, V. to jet out. K'ang, V. to cry, to scream. (Another form of kyang.) Kangar, a. gluttonous. Kah, V. to shade, to darken, to screen. Kahait, ) ^ ^^ attempt to bite, to snap at. xLaliap, ) Kai, ad. for pleasure, for fun, (as, leh kai). *Kaia, n. a Marwari. Kaibri, ka, n. motions, stools; evacuations. Kai-khlaw, v. to conduct a guerilla warfare. Kai-kynthei, a. licentious. Kain, ka, n. a kind of tree — the bark of which produces eruptions on the skin. 'kain {ahbrev. of skain), u, n. a fly. 'kain-dait, w, n. a mosquito, 'kain-iong, u, n. a meat-fly. Kait, ka, n. a plantain, a banana; {Synteng) scissors. *Kalai, w, n. Matikalai ; — v. to tin. • Kalaifi, v. to whirl round (as with a torch), wield ; wag. a aw, ) ^ ^^ Y^ii^ without any success (as with the gums). * Hindi. I :j: English.

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21 KALI KAR *Kali, ha, tl a carriage. Kali-bordi, ka, n. a bullock-cart. *Kam, ka, n. work, necessity, need, \_/mzt. ka kam-ka jam] ;— z'. to claim. Kam, V. to stride, to pass over, (same nsj'dm). Ka'm, phr. she or it not, (contraction of ka-\-i/m). Kamai, ka, n. income, living. [Tmit. kamai-kajih] ; — v. to labour, to work for. Kamai-khynraw, ka, n. what one earns while unmarried. *Kaman, (shong-), v. to be on duty in an outpost. tKamar, u, n. a blacksmith. Kam-bah, ka, n. a miracle ; a big concern, \lmit. kambnh-kamsan.] Kam-karikor, ha,'n. mechanical works. Kamon, ka, n. right hand side. Kamon-u kadiang, u, n. neighbours. Kamra, ka, n. a room. Kam-ram, ha, n. duty. Kamra-shongkdi, ka, n. a drawing-room. Kam -shnong-kam- thaw, ka, n. politics. Kan, V. to reserve, to suppress, to hold, to keep silent. Ka'n, phr. she will, it will or shall. K'an, V. to hold one's breath, to bear down, to strain. This ia an abbreviated form of kpan. Kane, a. this. §Kani, ka, n. opium ; a number containing 40 x 10 = 400 (betel nuts) . Kano ? p. which ? Kano-kano, p. any one, any. Kap, M, n. a prong ; — v. to join in friendship, to match — invariably preceded by the word ia (as, ia-kap). *Kaphur, u, n, camphor. JKaptan, u, n. a captain (same as Koptdn). Kar, V. to stir with, mix with, (said of rice when mixed and cooked with some other grains). * Hindi. I t Bengali. J English, | § Assamese,

22 KARA KAW-SHILIANG-KAW-ARLIANQ Kara, v. to earth up. *Karai, ka, n. aa iron cooking vessel (for currie). Karo, n. the Garo. {Karod, ka, n. garrison, guard, guard house. Karta, n. age (more correctly ka rta). IKartuB, w, n. a cartridge. *Kashari, ka ing ka shari, — n. court-house, kutcherry. Kataij a. that in sight but at a distance. Katba, ad. while, as much as. Katba long, phr. be as it may, come what may. Katei, a. that (up there), the said, the aforesaid. Kathie, a. that (down there), the following. Katne, ad. this much. Katne katne, ad. as much as this, so much. Katno, ad. how much ? how many ? Katno-katno, ad. however much. Katta, ad. so much. Katta katta, ad. to such an extent. Kattei, ad. so much (up). Kattai, ad. that much, (referring to a thing at some distance). Katthie, ad. so much (down). Katto, ad. that much (near you). Katto-katne, j^;^r. some, more or less, a certain amount. Kaw, ka, n. a number= 1,280 ; (in address) I say, Ho ! hear me . Kawang, v. to throw. Kaw-kaw, (ia-), v. to make a noise or clamour. Kdw-kaw-daw-daw, ad. clamorously ; — u. to make a clamour* Kaweh, v. to fan, to wave. Kawei, a. one, certain. Kawei ka-ar, ^j. some other. Kawei-pat, p. another, other. Kawiat, v. to beat with something small, to lash. Kdw-shiliaDg-k^w-arliang, ka, n. a fine. * Hindi. | % Eaglish.

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23 KAWUT KEIN-NOH Kawut, V. same as haioiat. (An onomatopoetic form). Kba, u, n. paddy, nnhusked rice. [Imit. u kba — u khaw.] Kbain, v. to scatter, to besmear with, (as a little child when eating food). Kbeit, u, n. a kind of hawk. Kber, u^ n. a winged white ant. Kbon'o" } ^' *° clutch, to claw. Kbin-kbin, a. small and well cut. Kboh, V. to scratch. Kbum, V. to close up the lips, to shut up, to keep something in the mouth. Kdang, v. to have enough (of food), to feel satisfied, to be replete. Kdait, M, n. reed or ekra. Kdam, ad. violently, with a slam, (as, " u khang kdam ia ka jingkhang"). Kdar, ad brightly, brilliantly, [as, "kabneng ka la rang kdar mynta."] Kdat, V. to turn sharp to another direction. Kdew, V. to point out or direct (with the hand). Kdiah, v. to break, to snap (with the hand). Kdiap, V. to walk cautiously, to stalk game. Kdier, v. to straddle (bad sense). Kdiar, ad. transparently, uncloudedly, (said of water or weather). Kdik-kdik, wc^hrobbingly, (as, "ka mynsiem ka khih kdik-Mik") ; longingly, [as " u kwah kdik kdik ban ioh-i ia phi"]. Kding-kdang, ad, at all, sincerely (used negatively) ; as, " ngam tip kding-kdang ia u." Kdong, ka, n. a corner ; an opportunity. Kd6r, V. to bend, to curl. Kdup, V. to embrace ; to defend. Keh-keh, ad. stammeringly. 'kei, n. {ahhrev. of skei), a barking deer. 'kei-sop, w, 71. a roe-buck. Kein, (an intensifying particle) =that's it ; — v. imper, enough, that is all. JSlein-noh, v. enough ;—«(?. vpry (coloquial), [as, " ka jingrunar kaba la )^m-/2£^^."]

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24 KEM '^Tk... r,f,,.. KHAD-AR-BONGTHAI Kcm, V. to arrest, to seize ; to wrestle ; to resemble — when preceded by ia ; tending to, showing the signs of, [as, ^^m-synrai, showing tj:ie signs of autumn, so also X-^m-tlang, kem-i^jvem, kem-lyiuY.] Kem-*bikar, v. to impress coolies, to arrest indiscriminately. Kem-ka-lar, ka, n. (poojah term) pieces of broken egg-shell which lie on the left or right hand side of the central biggest broken egg-shell called ka lieng. Kem-khap, ka, n. a kimkhap (cloth). Kem ksuid, v. to be affected by evil spirits. Kem-ktien, v. to interrupt, to rejoin. Kem-iong-rein, kaha^ n, dusk. Kem-pang, v. to become ill. Kem-puri, v. to become ill by the influence of a fairy. Ker, V. to surround, to enclose. Ker-kut, v. to surround completely ; to erect a fort or stockdde. Ker-dam, v. to hedge round leaving no opening. Kew, u. w, wheat ; — [voc. case), husband's sister or brother's wifeas addressed by the sister. Kha, V, to give birth ; — n. relation from the father's side, 'kha {case of address) ^i, n. 1. a paternal aunt ; 2. {abbrev. of doli-^ kha), fish. *khabniang, u, n. a pipe-fish, 'khabysein, w, n. eel (smaU.). Khak, ad. tightly, firmly, [as, " u bat khak na ka kti."] Kha-ki-man, ki^ n. neighbours, not being members of one's clan. Khad, V. to shovel ; — khdd, to perform a sacrifice for the repulsion of an evil-sprit. Khad-ar, a. twelve. Khad-ar-blang, ka, n. the name of a part of the Khyrim State in the War country. Elhad-ar-bongthai, Jca^ n. a portion of the Kamrup district on the Khasi Hills border and formerly under the subjection of the Khasis. * Hindi.

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25 KHAD-AR-KUR KHAIT-KHAIT Khad-ar-kur, hi, n. the twelve electoral clans of tlie Clierra State. *kha-dki, ka, n. one of the pieces of fish fried and preserved in closed jars. Khadduh, ad. lastly. [Imii. khadduh-khadwai] ; — a. youngest, last. Khat, ") ad. but, I see (used as a sort of digressive expression), Khad-ei, > [as, " Phi ong u'm don khad-ei, udon du".] Khad-ja, v. to serve out boiled rice. [Imit. khadja-khadjhur.] Khadlai, a. thirteen. Khad-tyr-ut, v. to drive away an evil-spirit called ka " Tyrut" by means of sacrifices ; to shun, to dislike. [Imlt. khad-da-ka-tyr* ut-da-ka-smer.] Khadu, ka, n. bracelet. ^ ^'^'^ ^ ^ Khang, v. to shut, to hinder, to forbid, to prohibit, 'khang, u, n. {ahbrev. of tyrkhaug) fern. Khangai, kci, n. the yolk of an egg. Kbangkdong, v. to corner, to surround. [^Imit. khangdong-khangMd.] Khangkhfii, (peit), v. to scan, to have an eye on, to scrutinize. Khangkhnam, v. (in an archery contest) to prevent an arrow from. hitting the target by invoking some deities, 'khangksiar, u, n. the golden fern, 'khangnar, w, ?2. a kind of fern, a tree-fern. Kbah, u, n. reed ; — a. close, thickly set ; to be tainted with (blood, dustj etc.), — ad. very often ; [as, " Phim ju kham shem ^-hah ia ki dieng kseh shaphang Sohra."] Khai, V. to pluck with the nail. Kha-ii, v. to trade, to buy and sell. [Imit. kha-ii-pateng.] Khain, a. rough, coarse. Khain, a. stunted. Khainshi, ka^ n. scissors ; truss. Khairim, ka, n. the Nongkrem State. Khdit, w, n. ring-worm; ia-, equal (match), ending in a draw. Khait, af?. entirely, at once, [as, " u la bam lut Maiu'."] [Imit. khait-khiej.] Khait-khait, a' very poor ; no margin to leave, [as, " u briew u long ubaduk khait-khait'^\

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26 KHAJANSHI KHAN-SHANAM *Khajanslii, it, n. a treasurer. fKbala-khala, ad. immediately, at once, (as, "wan kkala khala''). Klialah, V. to throw up as with a shovel. Khalai, v. to gamble, to jjlay ; to throw the dice. Khalai-wait, v. to display one's skill in the wielding of a sword. Khalas, v. to let loose ; to dismiss, to get discharged. *Khalasi, w, n. coolies sent to a distance, especially those used for expeditions. Klialki, ka, n. a window. Khalek, v. to dance round and round a group of dancing damsels (by men only). * Khali, a. vacant. *Khalisha, ka, n. a carpet. Khalor, v. to give birth prematurely, to have an abortion. Kham, v. to close the fist ; — adj. comp. deg. corresponding to the English adj. ending in -er ; more. (As, M<:f ad.="" without="" reason="" for="" nothing.="" khambynriew="" a.="" better="" off.="" k-ham="" katto-katne="" considerable="" quantity="" time="" kham-kynrei="" more="" abundant.="" k-hamtam="" especially.="" khamti="" ka="" n.="" a="" measurement="" from="" the="" elbow="" to="" end="" of="" little="" finger="" closed="" hund="" about="" inches="" fkha-mukur="" u="" small="" fish.="" magul-mash="" khan="" v.="" think="" out="" consult="" spirits="" by="" means="" an="" q="" rice="" stone="" etc.="" house-tax="" list="" census.="" khanatang="" relate="" one="" personal="" experiences="" recount="" rehearse.="" khan-ktem="" divine="" as="" track="" hunted="" game.="" khauia="" stingy="" hard="" pay="" off="" dues.="" khanpylleug="" breaking="" egg="" with="" grain="" rice.="" khanryntieh="" div="" swing="" bow.="" khan-shanam="" lime-case.="" hiudi.="" i="" t="" bcugan.=""/>

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27 kHAP KHAS Kliap, ha^ n. a big drain in a liali land or a ditch round a fence ; border, side. Khap, X). to fasten, to close ; to border on, to gripe. Khap (bam), v. to partake of a feast given to the surrounding land-holders for witnessing the sale of land. \Ijuit. bamkhapbam-khum.] Khap-bria, a. having partially closed eyes. Khapngiali, a. crammed, overfull. \Imit. khapnglah-khap-uin.] 'khapiah, ka^ n. a kind of dried fish. \_Tnnt. 'khapiah-khadain.] Khapnap, cf. close-fisted, niggardly ; hard to part with one's money. \_Imit. khapnap-khapbit.] , i -Khaprip, v. to close the eyes ; to wink. ^*^ ^ ' / f Khar, ka, n. a mixture of the ashes of burnt plantain folds with some other things used by the Bhoi people to salt their curry. Khar, v. to gather, to pick up ; to have looseness of the bowels. 'khar, {ahhrev. of dkhar), n. a foreigner from the plains; one of the clans among the Khasis bearing that name, e.g. 'Kharkongor, 'Khar-ngap-kynta, 'Khar-sawian, 'Khar-shi-iing, etc. Khara, a. of the same good size. "^'^'^ "^ ' '^* Kharabak, u, n. the fever-demon. 'kharang, ka, n. a roasted fish. Kharai, ka, n. a ditch, a trench. 'khar-alot, u, n. merchant from the plains (on the Sylhet side) who buys wholesale goods from the hill- men, especially potatoes. 'kharkaw, n. a villager of the plains, {lit. one who lives in a Gaon). \_Imit. kharkaw-kharkor.] Kharkhar, ad, harshly (onomatopoetic), [as, "u kren q\\ kharkharr] Khar-kpoh, kaha, n. diarrhoea or looseness of the bowels. Khariew, w, n. a kind of wild climbing plant used for poisoning fi.sh ; Beng. Bislot; — (Bot.) Milletia Pacchycarpa {Bth.).-^£vi v/V Kharoi, v. to multiply, to increase in population. Kharpaid, n, men mustered for an occasion. Kharsohlah, i, n. a dwarf. fKhas, ka, n. a land which has not been brought under a regular settlement, a waste land. * Hindi. I t Bengali. E 2

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28 'KHA-S'\W KHAW-OT 'kha-saw, ka^ n. a very common fish in the streams of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Khaseng, w, w. a species of reed. *Khash6r, ha or m, n. a mule. *Khashra, a. imperfect ; preliminary, rough ; — ka, n. a land which borders on the plain districts. Khasi, n. an inhabitant of the Khasi Hills. [^Imit. u Khasi-uKhara.] 'Icb ■ ^' \ ^^» ^^' ^^^^^ fi^^ ponnded and mixed with ginger. Khasynrop, v. to give birth to twins ; to be twin-born. Khat, copj. but, {see khad-ei) ; — v. to drive away devils by divination, as, khat-tyr-ut. *Khate, v. to deduct. Khat-ei, conj. see khad-ei. Khat-um, v. to massage by nsing water and oil. Kha-u-man, v, n. one related by marriage. Khaw, u, n. unboiled rice ; unhusked rice. [Imit. khaw-ukba.] Khawa, v. to ferry. fKhawai, v. to feast, to entertain. [Imif. khawai-dawai.] Khawait, ) v. to ply the hands like a duck while swimming, to Khwait, ) paddle. Khaw-khaw-daw-daw, a. penniless, very poor. Khawduh (ai-), v. to outcast (see kynther jymbuin). [Imt't. kha wduh-khawtan .] Khdw-eit, v. to be afraid of. Khaw-iang, w, n. a certain plant used in fermentation, fermented liquov-^ {dei-), phr. affected with wine. Khawiah, v. to reach at and to pull a thing by means of a long stick (such as a rubber ball that has fallen in a well and that cannot be reached with the- hand). Khawoh, v. to bale out (water) ; to bring down or drag a thing with some crooked instrument. Khawoit, v. to beckon with the hand ; to paddle. Khaw-ot, kahaf n. rice not properly boiled. * Hindi. ] f Bengali.

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29 KHAW-PET KHEJUR Khdw-pet, u, n. rice purchased with money as distinguished from that collected from the field. Khawpud, a, cowardly, timid. Khdwpyrsit, u, n. fine particles of rice left after having hoen crushed and sifted ; broken rice. Khaw-rneng, it, n. rice carried to be used on the way. *Khawshira, u, n. parched rice ; {Hind, chiwra). Khawtyndep, m, n. rice of a yellowish colour supposed to haye the power of stupefying people when thrown by the " Nongshohnoh" or Thlen -keepers. Khek, ad. abruptly, suddenly ; [as, u ieng kheJc^ Khengkheng, ad. resistingly ; [as, " u.pyn-eh khengkheng,"] Kheifij V. to break ; to reckon, to value ; to have a regard for ; to care. Khein-ba'n khai, v. to proi)itiate the evil-spirits , {seekJiem/csiiid). Khein-briew, v. to have some regard for. Khein-burom, v. to be dishonoured, to be put to shame. [Imit. kheinburom -kh einsurom.] Khein kor, v. to value highly, to prize ; to esteem. Kheinksuid, v. to find out by divination the devil who causes the disease or misfortune and to cure that disease or remove that misfortune by propitiating him. [ImzL kheinksjuid-khein-khrei.] Kheiu-kupar, v. to be dishonoured. Khein -kylliiid, v. to make a liberal estimate of. [Iniit. khcin kylluid- khein kyrwa.] Khein-dewthala, v. to reckon as worthless. Kheiii-doh-ksew, v. to become obstinate or desperate. Khein-dohiap, v. to become desperate. Khein-duh, v. to become reckless, to give oneself up as lost. Kheiii-poh, v. to under value, to under-rate ; to look down upon. Khein-sbai, v. to give an account of an expenditure ; to take into consideration (used with a negative expression ; as, "nga'm shym kheinsbai ia phi.") Khein-snep, v. to care for (used with ym). Kheit, V. to pluck, to gather. . f Khejur, w, n. date, * Hindi | j- Bengali.

m ^HEM KHIE-LAPEti Khem, v. to squeeze, to rub and press the body or limbs gently. Khemdut, v. to milk. Khemmet, v. to massage. [Imif. khem met-khem phad.] Kher, 7ca, n. a stockade for capturing elephants ; an enclosure for catching fish ; a place or district. *Kheshwan, «, n. a driver, a coachman. Khet, Jca, n. a throne. \_Imit. ka khet-ka bishna.] — -v. to cut down, to sever. iKhet-tiah, v. to cut the trees or bamboos and leave them to rot in the same place. fKhi, ka, n. ghee ; — v. to shave. Khia, a. heavy, — ad. with a revengeful spirit, [as, " u la buhmid khia ia u namar ba u la kren pynjah burom."] Khiah, a. healthy. [Tmit. khiah-nang.] Khiah-krac, khiahksuid, v. to be in a very sound health. *Khiar, v. to be mindful, to pay attention to. Khiat, ka, n. a moss-deer. Khia-thew, a. graceful, elegant, dignified. Khie, T). {iniper. only) go away ; get up (from a recumbent position) ; to take place, to recur, (as, " La khie ka jingpang, la khie ka thma ha pdeng u Eussia bad u Japan.") Khie-bhang, v. to become mad as if from the effect of hJiang. Khie-bhur, v. to have epileptic fits. • Khie-ka rasong, v. to be fortunate, to be in the height of prosperity. Khie-khlam, v. to become epidemic (used especially with reference to cholera). Khie-khlieh, v. to keep one's head above water, (as " u la dap ram eh u'm lah khie-kJiUeh shuh "). Xhie-khynraw, v. to reach the age of maturity. Khie-kieh, v. to stir up suddenly as if for action or on account of some impending danger, generally followed by " buk.^^ Ehie-kyllang, v. to be cyclonic. Khie-ia-iong, z;. to be stormy. Ehie-im, v. to revive ; to rally. Khie-lapeh, v. to have abundant leaves but without grain ; to grow prematurely. * Hindi. ( f Bengali.

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kiiip:-luxg khir Kliie-lung, «?. to bring forth a new shoot. Khie-rih, v. to be attacked with fever. Khie-sarumut, v, to have a fancy for ; to be capriciously inclined to. Khiesboh, v. to be unusually liberal or kind. Khie-sboh, v. to have fever. Khie-shylluit, v. to bud. Khie-step, v. to rise early. [IndL khie step-khie phyrngap.] Khiew, It, n. a vessel, a pot. \Imit. u khiew-u siang.] 'khiew, u^ n. {abhrev. of dykhiew) ant, as, u "khiew seiiiiong." 'khiew-dieugbai, u, n, a big red ant (generally living in a nest on a tree). Khiewja, u, n. a pot for cooking rice. \Imit. khiewja-khiewjyntah.] Khiewja-kiii, z, n. a toy used by childron for cooking. Khiewmutlop, u, n. {lit, an obstinate pot) ; a thick and widemouthed earthen vessel. Khiewphiang, u, n. a brazen water vessel. Khiew ranei, u, n. a black earthen vessel (so called from its being made in the village of Larnai or Larnei in the Jaintia Hills). Khiewrynsong, w, n. another kind of brazen cooking pot. 'khiew-saw, m, n. red ant. 'khiew seiiiiong, u, n. a big black ant. Khiewsla, w, n. a thin brazen cooking pot, Khing, (ia-), v. to resist. Khih, «?. to start, to move, to shake. S^Imit. khih-ksar.] Khih-lyngkhum, v. to be unrest by reason of excitement, Khih map-map, v. to quiver. Khi-Mi-nuid, -y. to shave the head in three patches (this refers to a Khasi custom of punishing an evil-doer before his banishment from his country or village), fKhilki, ka^ n. (same as khalki). Khilon, ha, n. an arch. *Khilonshi, ha^ n. a scaffolding. Khim, a. narrow. Khir u, n. a screw. * liiudi. I t Beugali.

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32 KHIR-KHIR KHLEMRAlfJ Khir-khir khar-kliar, ad. studiously, (as, " u wad dong hi khirkhir khar-khar ia nga"). Khir-shi-khir, ad. constantly seek a cause far quarrel ; [as, *' balei phi shu wad dong kfdr'Shi-khir ia nga."] Khla, n. a tiger, a leopard, [/nn't. u khla-u tblen.] Kh la wait, w, w. an expert warrior. Kblab, w, n. a spleen,

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33 KHLEN-KHLEN KHMIHLYNTI Khlen-khlen, a. muscular, strong. [As, u "briew uba hhUn-hUen ruh "11 leit klirong."] Khlew-khlew, ad. staringly, (said of big eyes, as, '* u khla u peit khlew khlew"). Khliak, ad. momentarily, (said of small objects, as, "nga ioh-i khliak ia ka skei"). Khliang, w, n. the stomach of a fowl or bird. Khliah, v. to break off, to pluck. Khlib-khlib, ad. looking fixedly, (as, "u peit khlih khiib"). Khlik-khlik, (lieh-), ad. cleanly white and tidy. [As, "uriam da ki jain kiba lieh khlik-khlik."] Khlleh, ka, n. the head, the top. \^lmit. ka khlieh-ka reng.] Khlieng, v. to clean the inside (of a vessel or well) ; — ka, n. kite, eagle. Khlieng-ka-tyngab, ka, jihr. hearsay, rumour. Khling-khling-khlang-khlang, ad. (look) round about. Khlir=khlir, ad. clearly, transparently, (as, " ka um ka sngur khltr-khlir^) . Khlok khl6k, ad. snortingly. Khlong, V. to pull out of a narrow place. Khlop, ad. there and then (fall), [as, *'nga kawang shidieng iau ksew bad u kyllon khlop."] Khluit, a. hot, boiling hot, scorching ; — v. to burn. Khlup, ad. completely, (as, tap khliip) — a. well covered (wrapper), Khliir, it, n. a star. Khlur, V. to come off (as hair.) Khmat, ka, n. eye, face, appearance, end of a thread, subject ; one of the points or issues of an argument ; eveiy (as, " khmat u rangbah briew u dei ba'n mih." Also spelt as ' khymat'). Khmat briew, phr. every person. Khmia-khmia, (sngaid-), ad. like a person having a short and thick neck. [As, " ki Babu Dkhar kiba ioh tulop bun ki kylla sngaid khmia-khmia.^'] Khmied, v. to look up, to lift up the head. Khmih, v. to look, to behold. Khmihkai, v. to look on as a spectator. Khmihlynti, v. to expect, to look for.

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34. KHMIH-MATDONG KHONGPONG Klimili-matdong, v. to eye with suspicion. Khmih-shain, v. to gaze. Khmih-sian, v. to watch. Khmih-syntiat, v. to spy. Khmihthuh, v. to examine, to make out. Khmot-khmot, ad. angrily, (as, "u kren khmot khmof). Khmud, u, n. a squirrel. Khmuin, ka, n. Si bud, a protuberant object. Khmut, ka, n. the nose ; the tip of anything. Khnang, ad. purposely, intentionally. Khnangkhning, ad. without fail, [as, " wallam soh ia nga khnang-khning, ho."] Khnai, ka, n. a mouse ; — u, n. biceps. Khnam, u, n. an arrow; a small trap for catching fish (Synteng). Khnap, ka, n. cloven hoof ; — v. to squeeze between the legs. Khnap-dpei, ka, n. the wooden frame of a hearth ; a fender. Khnek-khnek, ad. with a hop, lamely, (as, " u iaid khnek-khnek kumba dkoh"). Khni, 17. to be on the point of crying. Khniang, n. worm, insect ; eruptions ; parasite. Khniot, V. to squeeze, to gripe ; to rape. Khnium, v. to grumble, to murmur, to mumble. Khnok-khnok, ad. limpingly, [as, '\u iaid khnok-khnok ba pang kakhohsiew."] Khnong, u, n. a beam supporting the planks of a floor. [Imit. u khnong-u rijied.] Khiioit-khSoit, ad. slowly, [as, "balei phi idid khnoit-khnoit kumba pangkhrew ?"] Khong, a. resembling, taking the likeness of, [As, "une u khynnah u kliong kpa shibun."] Khongkhong, a. irritable, hot-tempered. Khongdong, ka, n. a turn, a corner ; — a. zigzag. \Imit. khongdong-mongdong. ] Khongdong-jat, ka, n. the heel. Khong-ieng, v. to open (by means of a lever, etc.). Khongpong, ad. contrariwise, topsy-turvy. [ImiL khongpongkhongdeh.] — n. a bundle containing QO pan leaves.

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35 KHONG-SHI KHRIANG Kliong-shi, w. 20 pan leaves. Khongtoi, Jca, n. the buttock. Kliongweng, a. like a part of the circumference. Khoh, ka, n. a conical native basket ; — v. to skin, to peel. Khohluh, ad. big and round, [as, " u phan uba heh khohluhkhohluh.''] Khohruhram, a. rugged, full of stones. Khohshain, v. to come off, (as from the effect of rubbing against a stone, etc.). Khohsiew, ka, n. the knee. [^Imit. ka khohsiew — ka khohniib.] Khohwah, ka, n. the calf of a leg. Khoi, w, n. parched rice mixed with molasses. Khoi Khoi, a. easily provoked. Khoit, ■ ad. wholly, entirely. \Imit. k hoit-khiaj] ; — contr. of kyrklioit^^Si cartillage. Khoitkait, ka, n. the inner part of the banana tree used for curry. Khor, a. hard, strong (mixture) ; — ka, n. a silk, (Assamese=G^^^Mz,cheng) . *Khorsha, ka, n. expenditure; cost of law suit. [Imit. ka khorsha-ka borsha.] Khot, V. to call, admit, to accept as a lodger or a husband. Khra, ti, n. a pitcher, an earthen water vessel. Khrai, v. to cut across, sever; — klirai, ad. many and small (used with rzY) [As, " kine ki kliun doh kha ki dap kh^^ai ha ka pung."]^ Khrai khlieh, v. to behead. Khram, ad. with a crash, violently (as, u kyllon khram). Khran, ad. very (healthy), [as, u la koit khran=^h.^, has recovered completely]. Khraw, a. great, big, large ; — adv. proudly, arrogantly Khraw-batri, kiha, n. the great, nobles. Khreh, v. to prepare, to be ready. [ImiL khreh-khrum.] Khrei, u, n. used with kmid, in u ksuid-ii khrei=:sin evil spirit. Khrew, a. sickly ; to be in a chronic state of illness, [/mit. khrew-khriap.] Khria-khria, (rit-), «<:z. many="" and="" small.="" ki="" sla="" u="" diengkseh="" long="" kiba="" rit="" khria-kjiria.="" khriang="" ka="" n.="" a="" rapid="" shallow="" current.="" hindi="" f3=""/>

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36 KHRIAT KHUNG Khriat, a. cold. Khrik-khrik, ad. twinkling, sparkling. [As, " ki khlur ki phyrnai khrik-khrik.^^l Khriem, n. the people of the Nongkhlaw State. Same as Khyriem. Khring, v. to pull up or draw out by the hand. Khrim, ad. with a crash. Khrong, v. to beg, to tax, to take a toll ; — ka, n. a tax, a toll. [^Imit. ka khrong-ka tlieng.] Khroh, V. to humour, to entice, to cajole, limit, khroh kjor,] Khroi, ad. a few in number, (as, '* ki ia don tang khroi).'' Khron, v. te become stiff with cold (especially of the hand); to be benumbed. Khru, ad. like the sound of tumbling, (as, " u ur kkru"). Khrud, V. to scrape. Khrum, ka, n. a vault, a cellar ; the space under the floor. Khrum-khrum, ad. in a business like manner. [As, *' u shu leit, klirum klirum ba'n kem na iing ia ka syiar."] Khrun-khrun, a. of good size (said of fruits and tubers). Khru-shi-khru, ad. repeatedly [as, " ki iakhih khrii-shikhru.''^'] Khu, u, n. a craw or crop. Khwak, ka, n. a small bird about the size of a dove, the cry of which is believed to portend some evil thing about to happen* in the village. Khwai, zi, n. a hook (fish); — v. to fish, to wind up (a path). Khwain. ad. straight and long (as, " uba jrong khwain''^). Khwan, v. to covet, to hanker after. Khwar, v. to clean the inside of a hole (as, ^^hliwar ia n khiewja"). Khub, ha, n. the width of 4 fingers joined together. Khublei, v. Imper, God bless you, peace be with you; — n. thanks. *Khubor, lea, n. news, tidings. [Imit. ka khubor-ka antor.] "Khvik, ad. suddenly, (as, " ia kynduh k/iuk"). Khiid, V. to scrape off (with a sharp instrument). Khung, w, 71. a cross-beam in a house ^ — v. to wrap or tie up in a cloth. * Hindi.

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37 KHUI KHONMAITxNIA Kliui, ad. very (generally used with Jchia, at) [as, "u la khia kind'']. Kliuid, a. clean, lioly. Khuid-ksdid, v. to be entirely free from blame. Khiiit-khuit, a. offensive ; not well ripe or well cooked. *Kliulom, u, n. a pen, a pen-holder ; a wooden sandal. "*Khulom-sner, u, n. a quill pen. Khulwia, v, to waste, to undermine. Khiim, -v. to fasten, to tie, to bind. KhCim-ka jingit, ph\ to be stunted. Khum khum, ai. actively (engaged) ; in a business like attitude [as, ", ki shu wan khum-khum ban shoh ia u ha ing."] [Imit. khum khum-kham kham ; as, " phi trei a-iu kumne khum khum kham kham^] Khiim-kpoh, v. incapable of deling active work owing to pregnancy. Khum-pyrdet, v. to bind the hands behind one's back. [/mif. khumpyrdet-khum pyrdang.] Khum-sknm, v. to bind a bundle of grass to be used as a target or butt for shooting arrows. Khun, n. a child; subject, [/mit. khun-u-ksiew= child j u khi'm-u-haj ar = subject .] Khim-ki raiot, H, n. subjects. Khun, V, to bend or drag a thing to one self ; — ka, n. murder case. Khiln-binong bishon, n. respectable or honourable persons. Khimkha, n. a descendant of a male relative. [Imit. khunkhakhunlong.] Khun-khlieng-kpoh, n. a pet child. Khunkliar wait, n. conquered subjects. Khunksiew, n. a grand-child. Khunkur. n. respectable and influential people. [Imit. khunkur-khun kmie.] Khundir-khunti, n. in Sheila/^ a legal term, meaning children of the first and second wife. Khunjeh, i, n. a very young calf. Khiinlung, n. a baby, an infant. [Imit. khunlung-khunjiap.] Khiinmaitnia, ad. very (small quantity or degree) [as, "tang khu7i maitnia ruh u'm sngap ia nga"]. * Hindi.

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38 KHUNPONGKA KHYLLIAH KLfmpongka, n. a bastard, a child of an unknown father. Khiinrei, n. a cliiki of a wklow or widower. Khim-ruid, n, a step-cliikl ; nephew or niece. \Jmit. khunruitkhunjien.] Khun-soh syiem, %i or ka, n. a suhject or citizen who belongs to another Syiem or Chief \e.g.^ Bun na kiba shongha Mawkhar ki long ki khnn khiin-soh syiem]. Khunswet, n. an orphan, [/mit. khnnswet-khunmyllung.] Khun-tamsneng, n. a disobedient child. Khun-thepmynsiem, n. a pet child. Khuntrai, jz. one's own child ; a legitimate child. Khur, 7J. to gather up together ; to scrape. Khura, v. to search. Khur-khur, u, n. the sound of laboured breathing of a dying man. Khuri, ka, n. a cup, a bowl ; ka lei khuri=ih.Q household demon of a certain clan (jaid-Dkhar) of these Hills. Khur-met u, n. the outer part of a bamboo or a cane. Khuslai, 'v. to be anxious, to be aggrieved, to be troubled. *Khusnam, ha^ n. a name, honour, reputation. Khuti, -w, n. a short post, a peg ; — v. (lam-) to play draughts. Khutia, hi, n. (pi.) odds and ends. [Imit. khutia-khulain.] — ad. in a very small amount at a time, [as, u " siew khutia ia ka ram jong nga"]. Khwiang, v. to wind or turn round (when walking). Khwoh, V. to pull a thing by means of a hook or claws. Khyllad, v. to lop off the branches, to prune ; {laid-), phr. to pass by heedlessly. Khyllah.. a. strange, queer, odd. \_Imit. khyllah-khylliang.] Khyllai, ka, n. the kidneys. Khyllait, (ha), adv. out of sight ; [as, " ynda khyllait ma u ei ban kylli ia nga"] ; in the absence of. Khyllem, v. to fall on the side (as a wall) ; to collapse. Xhyllew, ad. vainly, proudly (when praised) ; as, kren or leh kliyllei'o. Khylliah, v. to break off, (as, a twig) ; {kliem-), to dislocate. — — —

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39 KHYLLIAP KHYRWANG Khylliap, v. to fold or wrap ; — ka, n. a fold. Kliylliat, ka, n. an instrument for pounding a mixture of betelnut, pan and lime, much used by the olcl people of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Kbyllie, v. to raise up, to turn out (stono). Kbyllieng, u, n. the inner soft part of a bamboo or a cane — the green part or bark having been peeled off. Khyllong, v. to dress the hair into a knot. Khyndcli, a. nine. Khyndai-pateng-fiiamra, ka, n. an infernal abyss, hell. Khyndat, v. to throw, to jostle, to push, (same as kytidat). uEhyndew, ka, n. dust, the earth, [/mit. ka khyndew-ka shyiap.] Khyndiat, a. a little, few, very little. [ImiL khyndiat-khynsoit.] Khyndiet, v. to lift up; to raise (of a lid) ; to uncover. Khyndit, a. (same as khyndiat). Khynnah, n. a child, a boy or girl. \_Imit. khynnah-khynluug.] Khynniat, v. to push. Khynning, a. squeamish. Khynniuh, v. to tremble, to shake, — it, n. earthquake. Khynniuh-rih, kaha, n. shiverings caused by fear ; paroxysm of fever. Khynniuh-u-jumai, kaha, n. an earthquake shock. Khynra, v. to pull down, to break down. Khynrai, v. to cut and fashion, (generally said of pieces of wood, as, khynrai latom). Khynrat, ad. in a hurry, while in a state of confusion, [as, "uphet bad iehnoh khynrat ia la ki tiar baroh."] Khynra w, n. a young man or woman ; shongJchynrdw, to lead a bachelor's or spinster's life. Khynwin, v. to be boisterous or tumultuous. Khyrdep, v. to shut or slam (a door) without fastening it. Khyrdong, -w, n. what remains after the grain has been sifted. Khyrdop, ka, n. a gate, a portal. JKhyrnit, ka, n. the mantel-piece, the cornice. Khyrwang, ka, n. a kind of eri cloth with red and white stripes ; the name of a Bhoi tribe who inhabit the country near Mynser. X Eliglisli.

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40 KHYRWAIN KINO- KINO Khyrwain, ad. tall and handsome (in stature) ; [as, " ii briew nba bha brieAV khyrwatu'']. [/mit. khynvaiii-khyrweh.] Kliyrwait, v. to twist, to wring, to strangle. [Imit. khyrwaitkhyrwiang.] Khyrwiang, v. to go round. Khyrwit, v. to strike, to beat forcibly (with a stick). Ki, art. pi. they. Kiak-kiak, ad. titteriugly. Kidd, ka, n. liquor. \Imit. ka kiad-ka um.] Kian, ka^ n. a charm, a magic ; keenness of intelect. Kiar, v. to avoid, to keep clear of. K'iar (jain ), t;. to spread over, to extend., same as kyiar, Kiat, a. rebellious, wayward. Eliaw, i, n. 2i grandmother. Kiaw-kurim, ka^ n. mother-in-law. Kiaw-ngap, ka, n. queen-bee. Xie, 'u. to be carried away by water ; to drift . Kie-berong, 'd. to be entirely in the power of (bad sense). Kieng, v. to wear across the shoulder or about the waist as weapons, to sling. Kieh, V. to be excited ; to be in an uproar. Kiel ? p. who ? what ? • Kiei-kiei, n. things, articles. Kiew, V. to ascend, to go up. Kiewkhet, v. to be enthroned or crowned. Kiew-langtylli, plir. to be so much carried away by flattery as to forget one's real position. King, "v. to row ; to stir ; to be giddy (head). K'ing, u^n, a wasp, a hornet ; also spelt as kyieng. *Kil, u^ n. a vakil, a pleader. Ki'n, phf. they will. {Hi + yn^ Kine, p. these. Kino ? p. which (/>/.) ? Kino-kino, p. any. * Hindi.

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41 RIR KJAP-KA STAr. Kir, V. to strike with a clenched hand (especially vertically) ; — adv. at once (as, "la khie katlima kir"). *Kirani, ?i. an Eurasian. Kir-kir, ad. very tender. Kiri, u, n. the title of a king's son (also spelt Giri). *Kirniit, ka, n. an agreement. fKiro, ka n. a cloth measurement =2^ inches. *Kismis, u, n. a raisin. Eismot, ka, n. fate, luck. Kit, V. to carry on the hack with a head strap ; to hear ; to he^ responsible for ; {/mit. kit-hah.) Kita, 2^' those (out of sight), *Kitab, ka, n. a book. Kitai, p. those (in sight but farther off). Kit-bru, ka, n. an owl. Kitkhia, v. to take deep interest in ; to be responsible for. Kitkhlieh, v. to be responsible for. Kitei, p. up there ; those ; above mentioned. Kithie, p. those (below) ; down there ; the following. Kit-iapar, kaha, n. a very heavy load; {lit. to carry so much as i& make one walk on all fours). Kitjingkit, v. to carry loads, [/mif. kitjingkit-bahjingbah.] Kitjingmut, v. to have the meaning of ; to bear the meaning of, Kitnong, v. to carry a load for hire. [Imif :. kitnong-kitni.] Kito, p, those (in sight). Kitpop or kitpap, v. to be responsible for one's wrong doing. Kitram, v. to be in debt. Ki tum-ki-tam, n. pi. things, furniture. K'iuh, V. to be afraid of, to tremble, (same as kyiuh). Kjai, ad. well (dressed) ; — [as, '* haba ki leit khmih kai, ki da riam bha kjai.^^l Kjam, a, cold. Kjap, V. to sip, to suckle; — a. bitterly cold; — v. absorb. iKjap-ka star, ka, n. (a poojah term) part of the entrails of a fowl which is not full. * Hindi. " | t Beugali.

42 KJAT ' KLEW Kjat, ka^ n. a foot, a leg. Kjat-sugi, ha^ n. sun's ray. Kj4ng, ad. high up, to a full height, [as, " u kulai uba jrong hjeng "]. Kjeh, 17. to snivel. Kjit, 7;. to suck, absorb. Kjit-sim, T^aba, n. a disease of an arecanut which appears as small black patches in the kernel, probably caused by sucking of birds. Kj^ng-kjong, ad. lightly (as the frisking of a deer). Kjoin-kjoin, \ ad. aloft, high up. [As, " u shong hjoin kjoiti halor KjCiin-kJLiin, J ka rynsan."] Kjor, V. to coax, cajole. Kjuh, V. to fondle, to caress (of an animal). Kjup, V. to suck, draw in by suction. Kla (sang-), ka, n. a religious observance of a certain class of the people of the southern lowlands of the Khasi Hills, by which they abstain from all intercourse with outsiders. Klak-klak, ad. chatteringly. [As, "ka briew kaba kren klak-kla'k.^^'\ Klang, V. to blaze, to flare. Klang klang, ad, glitteringly. [As, " ha ri Dkhar, ha ka por I'iur, dap da ka um klang klang."] Klah, ka^ n. (generally used with Numeral Adjectives), a full arm's length. Kldi, a. fit, suitable. KMn, V. to ford, to cross (a stream) . JKlas, ka, n. a class. JKlat, ka, n. a glass, a tumbler ; — v . to turn abruptly to another direction. Klaw, (peit), ad. unremittingly, steadfastly (of big eyes, as, u peit klaw). Klek(b4m), «(Z. at once {2,%unguid klek.) ; flcaringly [as, "ka ding ka la meh klek'^^ Klep, ad. unawares (as, '*u hap klep ha ka thliew"). Kler, V. to go beyond the bound or limit. Klet, V. to forget, to omit. Klew, n. a peacock. X Euglish. I i

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43 KLEW-KLEW KMIE-SAN Klew-klew, ad. glitteringly. [As, '*ioh-itaiig ki khmat ba phyrndi klew klew."] Kli, V, to roll up. Kliar, ka, n. the top. Kliaw, ad. steadfastly, unremitlingly (of small eyes), as, khmili k^iaw. Kling-lingling, ad. all oyer, [as, " ka madan kaba la dap da ka um kling-lingling'' ^'\. Klim, V. to commit adultery. Klit (jing), ka^ n. sleight of hands : — ad. very quickly, [as, leh klif\ Kliw-kliw, (ioDg), ad. rery (black). [As, " ki Negro ki long ki briew kiba iong-synfiia kliw kliw.'*] Klong, w, w. the heart; a bottle-gourd. [Imit. u klong-u skaw.] Kloh, V. to push the hand into a hole. Kloi, a. ready. K16i-kl6i, ad. quickly, sharp. Kloi-lan, ad. very quickly ; [as, " Nga tang shu ioh-i ia u, u la buhrih ia ka wait kloi-lan.'"'] Klop, V. to deceive, to cheat. Klum, V. to roll up, gather up, to jumble. Klim, V, to gulp, to swallow up. fKlur, ktti n. one crore. Kma, V. to wander, to roam about. Kmang, ad. agape, eagerly (as, " u ksew u peit kmang'*). Kmai, ad. at least, if not.,,... at all (as, " kmai bym lah eh ruh, ai tang shi paisa"). Kmeng, ad. eagerly, (as, when a dog having a long snout is looking at something). Kmen, v. to rejoice ; — a. joyful, rejoicing \-^n. joy. Kmie, ^a, w. a mother. Kmiekha, kat n. grand-mother (father's side). Kmie-ki-kpa, ki^ n. parents. Kmie-raT' \ ^^* ^' g^^^^d-mother (mother's side). Kmie-nah, ka) n. aunt (mother's younger sister). Kmie-san, ka, n. aunt (mother's elder sister). t Bengali. ~ 6 2

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u KMIR-KMIR KOIT Kmir-kmir, ad. very (yellow) [as, " balei ba stem kumne kmirkmir kumba dang lali pang?"] Knang(ia), v. to make a bargain for bringing in goods to a place and at a time agreed upon. Knah, ka^ n. the cross stick in a bird-trap ; the scaffold. Kneng, (ieng), «r/. prominently. [As, "ngaioh-iia u briew ba ti ieng kneng halor u maw."] Kner, v. to stretch forth a hand. Knep-knep, (jhieh-), ad. very (wet clothes). -Knia, v. to sacrifice; \Imit. kfiia^khriam]. — ha^n. maternal uncle's wife. Kniakha, ka, n. aunt (father's side.) Knia kyntiew, ka^ n. a sacrifice which the Khasis performed at home to u hlei Synteng called u Mahet. Kniah-kniah, (iaid-), ad. like the gait of a well-dressed damsel. Kni, Ut n. uncle (mother's side). [Imit. kfii-u-kpa.] Knieh, v. to snatch away, ta confiscate. \_Imit. knieh-kndn.] *Kobja, ka, n. a hinge. Kok, inter), there you are ! it serves you right I Kong, i, n. an elder brother or sister. Kongbah, w, n. the eldest brother. JKongor, w, n. one who marries a princess, ^.^., a Syiem's sister or niece. Kongsan, a. chief, greatest. Koh, V. to give chewed food to a child \-^u^ n. an old man {fern, =ka law). K'oh, ka, 11. a concave cut at the head of an arrow to fit the bowstring. Same as kyoh. Kohnguh, v. to obey, to nod, to acknowledge. Kohnguh-samthiah, v. to be drowsy; sleepy; to nod (in sleep). Kohlyngkai w, n. the rhinoceros horn-bill. Koi, ka, n. a fence in the bed of a stream to catch fish, a weir. *K6id, V. to confine. *Koidi, n. a prisoner. fKoina, ka, n. a virgin ; Zenana lady ox parda nisliin. Koit. a. healthy, well ; — adv. all right, never mind. ** Hiudi. I t Bengali. j J Assamese.

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45 k6it-k6it kpa-san Koit-koit, ) (jem-), ad. easily bent. [As, "une u siej u long uba Kiiit-kuit, j" ^Qxn koit k6it.''^\ Kolom, V. to plant a twig in the ground to grow. *Komj a. less, defective. fKonopad, m, n, a kind of necklace. K6p, kay n. the ear (of corn), the cover ; the cuff. *K6p, V. to vaunt ; to be proud of ; to challenge. {Imit. kop-sop.] K6p, V. (followed by da) to deserve, it serves right. *K6r, ka, n. machine, an engine ; a resting place built of stones on both sides of a path ; — a, valuable, precious; — iakort to bid. Kor, «, 01. a mole cricket ; a kind of reed. K6r-k6r. (iaid), ad. to walk about like a beggar. Korbar, ^. to meddle ; — w. business, concern. \_Imit. ka korbarka sorbar.] Kordit, ka>i n. woe, calamity. Kordor, a. valuable. ^Korhajir, v. to be absent (from duty). Korni, ka^ n. a trowel. fKot, ka^ n. a paper, book ; a yard ; — v. to reach. [Imii. ka kotka-sla.] Kotbah, ka^ n. the Bible. Kot-kot, a. illtempered, easily provoked. Kotkudi, kUi n. a circular paper kite. Kot-sada, ka^ n. a blank paper. Kot-shini, ka, n. a very thin paper, generally used in makinokites and flowers or other ornamentals. Kot-shonsia, ka^ n. blotting paper. Kot-thalyngka, ka, n. a square-kite. Kpa, w, n. a father. Kpa-kha, m, w. grandfather (paternal side). Kpa-hep, w, n. grandfather (mother's side). Kpait, ka, n. track of an animal. Kpa-nah, w, n, step-father, uncle (father's younger brother). Kpa-san, w, n. uncle (father's elder brother). * Hindi. | t Bengali.

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46 KPEP KREN-BYTHER Kpep, ka^ n. the burning place of a family. Kp^r, ka^ n. a garden. \_Imit. ka kper-ka phrah.] Kpieng, u^ n. a string of beads, [/mii. u kpieng-u-ksab.] Kpong, V. to excavate, make a hole ; — ». A;a, a goddess of luck. Kpoh, ka^ n. the abdomen, the stomach, family, house. Kpu, w, w. a cake, a loaf. Kpu-im, Ut n. dough. Kpu-rew, w, n. flour. Kput, ka, n. revenge, vengeance. Krak (Hat-), ad. down (slip into a hole). [As, "ka blang ka liat krak ha krem."] Krad, v. to scratch, to scatter ; — ad. in every direction, off, (as, " u la phet krad^'). Krang, v. to bore, to undermine. Krai, u, n. a millet. — v. to spread. Kram, ad. with a crash (fall) ; [as, "u la kyllon kram."] Kram-kram, ) (kylltiid-), ad. very (roomy or spacious). [As, Krum-krum, ) " hapoh pubon ki ong ka kylluid kram-kram."] Krek, ad. suddenly, (as, " ka ding ka la phyrnai khrek'^). Kreng-kreng, (fiiar-), ad. having big holes in a net work. [A8> "kane ka jaifi kaba fiiar kreng-kreng."] Krei, v. to scatter. Kreit, ka, n. a hard durable kind of wood. Krem, ka, n. a cave. \_ImU. ka krem-ka-kroh.] Kren, v. to speak. \Imit. kren-khana.] Kren-bein, v. to revile, to abuse. {Imit. krenbein-krenkhoh.], Kren-bein-blei, v. to blaspheme. Kren-blei, v. to be a spokesman for some god (spirit). Kren-blom-blom, v. to mutter. Kren-bok-bok, v. to jabber. Kren-briew, {v. to be sociable ; to imitate the speech (like 'a parrot). Kren-bynfiiaw, v. to speak in a sorrowful or mournful tone. Kren-byrtong, v. to speak as a sorcerer. Kren-byther, kren-bther, v. to speak at random ; to hint at.

47 KREN-KAI KREN-SIAR Kren-k^i, v. to chat, to gossip. Kren khnium-khnium, v. to mumble. [Imit. kren khniumkhnium-kren khniam-khniam.] Kren-khraw, v. to boast, to talk big. [Imit. kren khraw-kren hangamei.] Kren-khutia, v. to speak about unnecessary and trifling tbings. Kren kbyllab, v. to speak in an unusual or awkward manner. [Imit. kren kbyllah-kren kbylliang.] Kren-kulmar, v. to speak as if one is in a confused state of mind. \_/mif. kren kulmar-kren kulmit.] Kren kunok, v. to speak as a seer. Kren-dathew, v. to speak by pondering over tbe matter, to speak after proper deliberation. Kren-hangamei, v. to speak arrogantly. \_Imif. kren bangameikren hangapa.] Kren-jakter, v. to talk senselessly like an intoxicated person. Kren-japnej, tj. to drawl. Kren-jler, v. to tell stories. -Kren-jli, v. to speak offensively. -Kren-laitluid, v. to speak out freely. Kren-lamwir, v. to speak as one wbo is in a deranged state of mind. [Imit. kren lamwir-kren lamtbam.] Kren-laplab, v. to speak witbout due deliberation, to overstate. Kren-lkbit, v. to dwell on minor or useless details. Kren-lyngkut, v. to speak bluntly. Kren-madan, v. to speak whatever comes before one's mind. Kren myntbi, v. to speak sarcastically. Kren-nang-ang, v. to have a bad tongue. [Imit. kren-nangangkren-nangbap,] Kren-pankwab, v. to speak as if one courts for an evil tbing. Kren-patbdr, v. to speak at random or inconsiderately. Kren-sa, v. to speak sulkily. Kren-said-lab, v. to continue to press a point after one has been beaten in argument. Kren-salia, v. to tease. [Imit. kren-salia-kren-salait.] Kren-satia, v. to vex, to annoy. Kren-siar, v. to back-bite.

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48 KREN-SIH KRUM Kren-sih, v. to use indecent language. [Imit. krensih-krentla.] Kren-tain tain, v. to rate, to chide. Kren-thala, v. to speak vainly, to speak thonghtlessly. \_lmit. krenthala-krenthalein.] Kren-thanmla, v. to joke, to jest. \_Imit. kren thamula-krenthamulein.] Kren-thawdur, v. to speak jocosely. [Imit. kren tliawdur-kren thawdar.] Kren-tlilia, v. same as Jcren-satia. [Imit. krenthlia-krenthlait.] Kren-thuhkhana, v. to carry tales about a person. {^Iniit. kren thuh khana-kren thuh khadeh.] Kren-thurmur, v. to speak thoughtlessly. Kren-wai-wot, v. to give a final and blunt answer. Kren-wei-briew, v. to soliloquize. Kren-woh-nia, v. to find fault in an argument. Krep-krep, (im-), ad. fresh (as, "u jhur u dang im krep-krep''). Kria, v. to sharpen a daw with a small piece of whet-stone. Kriah, Jca, n. a sieve, a basket. \_ImU. ka kriah-ka shang.] Krik-krik (phyrnai), ad. brilliantly. [iVs, " ka rong kaba dang phyrndi krik ^/e^."] Kring-kring, ad. sparklingly (like the surface of water); shining black, [as, " phi sleh aiu kumne ba ka khmat ka phyrnai A?/'^«<7kring''], < Krih, V. to spread. Krim, ad. with a crash (as the fall of a wall or a tree). Krip-krip, ad. twitteringly, (as, " u khfiiang u par krip-krij)''). *Krit, ka, n, a sword. Krong, ka, n. a bier. Kroh, ka, n. crevices, holes. {Jmit. ka kroh-ka kram.] Krop-krop, \ (jem-) ad. like a broken egg-shell or like a ball Krup-krup, ) made of paper. Krtid, V. to scrape the earth lightly for high-land cultivation. Krung, ka, n. the side, the rip. \Imit. krung- ka knab.] Kruin, u, n. a white ant. Krum, ad. with a crash (of large things). * Hindi,

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49 KSANG KSUIT Ksang, iL^ n. bile. Ksangkti, Jca, n. the arm. Ksang-lbong, ka, n. the muscle of the thigh. Ksah, ka, n. a ring; — a. muscular. Kstii, u, n. thread, fibre. Ksain, u. n, a maggot, a grub. Ksaid, V. to roll on the ground, to sprawl, to make an effort. Ksam, V. to claw, \_lmit. ksam-kbia.] Ksan, V. to justify, win. Ksan-rumpei, phr. to win the case at home or when not brought before the court. Ksar, n. a fox. Ksaw, V. to be accustomed to ; — a. to be lucky ; — ka, n. the goddess of good luck who brings in success in every enterprise, esp. in hunting animals. Kseb, ka, n. a pine tree ; — u, a resinous pine wood. Kseh-blei, ka, n. {Bot.) taxus haccata', a kind of pine tree. Ksem, ka, n. flatus, wind. Ksew, n. a dog. Kshait, ka, ti. a waterfall, a cascade. Ksheit-ksheit, (lieh), adv. yqvj {\Yhite),['a>s, "lieh ksheit-ksheit kum ka khoit-kait"]. Kshong, ka, n. fat next to the skin, (as, " kshong sniang"). Kshot, V. to squeeze, to press. Ksi, ka, n. louse, vermin of the head. Ksiang, w, n. an umpire ; a mediator ; a go-between. Ksiar, ka, n. gold ; — a. golden. Ksing, ka, n. a drum. [Imit. ka ksing-ka dhah.] Ksing-ngap, ka, n. a bee-hive. Ksiew, n. a grand-child {see khun-ksiew, para-ksiew, pyrsaksiew). Ksiew-tun, n. a child of a grand-child. 'Ksih, tf, n. an otter ; — w, one who goes through the water ordeal ; — i;.to squeeze on the throat, to throttle, to seize at the throat, Ksoh, V. to cling, to hold on. Ksuid, n. a demon. [Imit, u ksuid-u-khrei.] Ksuit, ka^ n. matter, pus.

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50 KTAK-KTAK ' KUAR Ktak-ktak, (ioni^'-), «<: black="" and="" aclliesiyc.="" na="" u="" sh="" solipieiig="" ngi="" lali="" ba="" ioh="" ka="" rong="" kaba="" long="" ktak-matc.="" ktang="" n.="" a="" bamboo="" pipe="" in="" which="" water="" is="" kept="" chimga.="" ktah="" v.="" to="" loach.="" ktah-shoi.="" ktah-kti="" lay="" hands="" on.="" ktait="" scatter="" about.="" ktar-ktar="" a.="" muddy.="" ktieli="" klr.="" ktem="" track="" game="" ktha="" chew="" have="" gnawing="" pain.="" kthang="" bitter.="" kthang-kti="" uha="" one="" with="" heavy="" hand="" bitter="" kthtii="" ad.="" w="" riam="" bha="" noh="" kthai="" keiil="" kthaw="" grand-father="" father-in-law.="" kurim="" kthem="" well="" handsomely="" pynnohbohkbaila="" teh="" uhem="" kein="" ktbik="" still="" upright="" ieng="" kthik="" kti="" hand.="" ktiar="" centipede.="" ktik="" tickle.="" ktieh="" mud="" paddy-field.="" ktieh-ka="" iwer.="" ktien="" mouth="" word.="" ktien-ka="" thylliej.="" ktub="" ktuk="" mumble.="" ktud="" crawl="" slowly="" effort="" as="" who="" helpless.="" ktuk-ktuk="" of="" dark="" dirty="" colour="" bricav="" uba="" iong="" ktung="" small="" preserved="" fish="" vetch.="" ktungka="" ktap.="" ktui="" very="" muddy="" or="" dress="" ktur-ktur="" like="" sulphurous="" glow="" ktiir-ktnr="" kuang="" roam="" same="" kwang.="" kuah="" court="" wish="" for="" anything.="" jcicah.="" wrong="" bad="" thing.="" kudi="" areca="" nut.="" kwai.="" kuar="" trap="" generally="" put="" rapids="" milkman.="" kioar.=""/>

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51 KUBI KUMNO-RE-KUMNO Kubi, u, n. a cabbage. *Kublot, ka, n. a form of agreement ; a kahulyat. *Kuboit, w, n. a small case, a charm ; a talisman, amulet. *Kiibur, V. to admit , confess. Kuki, ??. tbe Kukis who are also called Radem in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills district. *Kukri, ka, n. a dagger, a khukri. Kuda, ka, n. a cyst. ,.. ; i JKudam, ka, n. a godown ; a button. Kudim-kudim, a. very ancient. Kudom, V. to gallop, trot. Kudu, a. tolerably big. • Kuhiw, a. shrewish. Kui, u, n. a lynx. Kuju, ka n. a sort of flageolet made from young bamboo. Kulai, n. a horse, a pony. *Kulam, u, n. a slave. Kular, V. to promise ; — ka, n. a promise, [/mit. ka kular-ka madar.] Kulbut, ka, n. an arched wooden frame used for supporting a masonry work in an arch. *Kuli, u, n. a porter, a bullet, a pill. Kulia, ka, n. gonorrhoea {see fiiangkulia). Kulmar, ad. confusedly, disorderly. [Imit. kulmar-kuhnit.] Kulong, a. very ancient. [_Iinit. kulong kumah ; kulong-kulong.] Kum, ad. like, as, unintentionally, [as, " nga kuin kren bakla."] ; — v, n. a pitcher. Kuman, a. sullen ; obstinate. Kumba, ad. as if, about, [as, " ki briew ki don kumha 100 ne"], Kumjuh, ad. the same, all the same, [as, leh — , kren — , kam — kiimjuh\ Kumne, ad. thus ; like this. Kumne kumne, ad. at once, immediately. Kumno ? ad. how ? by what means ? Kumno kumno, ad. anyhow, somehow. Kumno-re-kumno, ad. somehow or other. * Hindi. [ X Euglisli. 11%

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52 KUSHIA KYLLABADUR §Kushia, u, n. an eel (big kind). Kumta, ad. like that, so, accordingly. Kumto, ad. like that (as 1 said). Kurcto-kumne, kiba, n. persons of less importance, persons of no position. Kumwei, ad. otherwise, [as, nga ''ong ia u ba'n leh kumue, hynrei n leh da kumwei^^'\. Kun, V. to reserve, to hold one's breath. Kuna, ka, n. a fine, an atonement. [Iniit. ka kuna-ka kait.] Kunai, v. to be parsimonious, to keep. [Imit. knnai-kutin.] *Kunjari, ka, n. a tambourine. *Kunok, u, n. a seer, a Ganak. Kup, V. to put on ; attributable to some demons (in pnjali) ; — ka^ n. a suit (of clothes). \_Imit. ka kup-ka sem.] *Kupar, ka^ n. the forehead, the fate. Kupar-kad, ka^ n. an ill luck. Kur, 11. a relative (on the mother's side). [Imit. ka kur-ka kmie, u kur-u kmie, ki kur-ki kmie]. *Kura, u, n. a European soldier. *"Kuran, ka^ n. the Koran. Kurat, ka, n. a saw. Kurattia, w, n. a crocodile. < *Kuri, n. niimber=20. Kurim, ka, n. a wife. [Imit. Kurim-kupai.] fKuro, ka, n. a league [used with sMP\ Kurup, V. to distrain, to confiscate, to rob. Kut, V. to come to an end, to resolve, to agree ; — ka, n. a stockade, a fort. Kut-jingmut, xi. to decide, to resolve. Kut-lad, xi. to be at one's wit's end. Kutok, a. very old. \Imit. kutok-kutok ;^kutok-kudim.] Kya, ha, n. simul tree. Kylla, V. to turn, to change. Kylla-lieng, «). to capsize, to be ruined. Kyllaladur, ka, n. a large bat, a flying fox. * Hindi. I t Bengali. ] § Assamese.

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53 KYLLA-KABA-MUT KYNDANG-KWAH Kylla-kaba-mut, v. to repent. Kyllang, //, n. the K3dlang rock in Kliadsawplira ; a cyclone. Kyllain, v. to wind, to be inconstant. [^Imit. kyllain-kyrjaw.] Kyllain-kyrjaw, ad. in a zigzag way. Kyllain-mongor, ad. cross-legged. Kylla-jain-nep, phr. to bo destroyed or annihilated. Kylla-jutang, v. to be changing, to be capricious. Kylla-lyngkot, u, n. January. Kyllan, v. to rub, smear. Kylla-prah, v. to perform a somersault. Kylleng, ad. everywhere. Kyllep, kaha, n. a lonely place; — a. capable of covering the whole length — ad. unknowingly. Kylli, V. to ask ; {j)liali kylU) to ask for marriage. [Imit. kyllipyr-thew.] Kylliang, ad. as a loan, in return ; — ka, n. a loan. \Imit. kylliangpalat.] Kylliang-ktien, \i. to retort. Ky]lon, V. to fall. Kyllong, a. very big. Kylliiid, a. plenty of space, spacious. \Imit. kylluid-kyrwa.] Kyllum , ad. in a lumpsum, as a whole ; — v. to gather up in a heap. Kyllut, a. deaf. Kyn-ad, v. to become swollen (as a boil). Kynbat ^^, n. herb, weed, medicinal plant. Kyukaw, v. to shout, call out. Kynkhlek, v. to brandish, flourish. Kynkhlok, x). to sniff or snore. Kynkok, v. to crow over a person. §Kynda, n\ a.number=4 ; a rhinoceros ; a form of corporal punishment in the old Khasi Penal Code. \Imit. ka nar-ka kynda.] Kyndad, n. a mole. Kyndang, n. a string of flesh or fish ; — v. to raise or turn over as with a lever. Kyndang-kwah, phr. a person who takes a fancy to what it is impossible for him to get. § Assamese.

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KYNDAH-KYNDONG KYN-IEB Kyndah-kyndong, ^a, n. creek and corner. Kyuddr, v. to dismantle, break down ; — hijndai\ ad. like a wide rimmedhat or sloucli. Kyndat, v. to push away forcibly. Kyndeb, v. to palpitate, to pant ; — ii, n. grounded corn or rice. Kyndians, ad. distinctly, clearly, [as, " nga ioh sngew kyndiajig liaba phi la khot"]. Kyndiah, v. to abstain. Kyndiap, ■??. to be particular in collecting small things or small gain. [Imit. kyndiap-kynbiang.] Kyndiep, ad. like a cope, [as, *' une u maw u shong kyndiep kumba un hap"]. Kyndit, v. to be startled, to be surprised. Kyndit-bynriew, v. to regain consciousness, to come to oneself. Kyndok, w, n. sulphur, a lucifer match. Kyndong, Jca, n. a corner ; — ad. carefully (wrapped, said of small things as, "u khung ia ki jain kyndong'') •,—{nong=) n. ^ villager, a person from an out of -the- way place. \Imit. kyndong-kynshrot.] Kyndoi-jakpoh, ?;. to go about from place to place in search of work or food. Kyndon, ha^ n. step, grade, shelf. \Imit. kyndon-ka kynnah.] Kyndop, ad. like a small projecting coping, [as, " i ing iba rifT 'kyndo][)'\ Kyndung,

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55 KYNIEH KYNMAW "Kynieli, v. to take by foi'ce. Also splet kuleh. 'Kyn-ib, v. to crow. Kynja, ka, n. sort, kiucl, nature ; — u^ ganja. Kyiijak, v. to express regret and surprise (by making a sound oij'k-j'k). [Imit. kynjak-kynjik.] Kynjang, ka, u. elevation, beight. Kynjab, a, lonely. Kynjai, ad. peacefully, at ease, tranquilly. Kynjat, v. to kick ; — n. a pace (used with Numeral Adjective). Kynjing, v. to be fastidious (iaid) ; — ad. carefully and on tip-toe (walk). Kynjib, v. to raise one self by standing on the toes, to skip ; — ad. with a springy step, (as, iaid kynjih). Kynjlar, ad. with a tapering snout, (as, " u kf0Bw uba nep ka klimut kynjlar^). Kynjuot, ad. the appearance of a slender and thin woman [as, " ka tymmen kaba jrong kynjnot"^]. Kynjong, ad. high up, on the top, (as, '' u ieng halor u mawbah kynjong'). Kynjoh, v. to aim at, to reach, to be ambitious. Kynjoh-khaskain, v. to perform a poojah ceremony before occupying a newly built house ; — n. Khasi housewarming. Kynjoifi (jrong-), ad. up, aloft. , As, "u shong kynjoin halor u hati."] Kynjrait, v. to pull with a jerk, (as, " u Tcynjrait ia ka kti haba ia khublei"). Kynjri, u, n. a chain. Kynjri-tabah, w, n. a silver or gold chain worn across the shoulders. Kynjri-wahdong, u, n. a kind of earing. Kynjrot, v. to pull off bit by bit. Kynjiih, v. to jolt ; to try (the weight or heaviness of a load). Kynjuin, ad. safely, aloft, (as, "u don kynjuin halor u hati"). Kynjut, V. to pull out, to feel a throbbing pain. Kynjut-kti, v. to shake hand. Kynmaw, v. to remember ; to recollect ; — n. awake, (as, "ynda la shi kyvmdw hynne mynmiet nga ioh sngew ba ka lymiiar ka briew"). [^ImU. kynmaw-kyndit.]

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56 KYNMAW-BYNRIEW KYNRONG SH'ING Kynmaw-bynriew, v, to regain consciousness ; to come to oneself. Kynnit, ad. like a tail lifted up (as, " ka sini ka deni kynnit ha katnat"). Kymiet, | (jrong-), ad. like a long protuberant object. [As Kyn-nut, J " katdong kaba jroiig X-^^we^."] Kynnoh, v. to pronounce ; to blame, to find fault with. [Imif. kynnoh-kynta.] Kyn-6i, v. to hush, to lull a child. Kynpha, v. to address a male as if he were a female (by using personal pronouns in the feminine gender). Kynphara, v. to help, to assist. Kynphat, tc, n. cotton. Kynphia, v. to bluster. Kynphot, ad. like a fop. [As, " u leh ialade kynpliot.'"'] Kynphui, v. to wish to be unlucky, (especially in arrow-shooting),— a. bushy. Kynphuit, v. to spit violently, to decry. Eynphut, ad. improvidently, carelessly [as, " u masi u bam hynphut ia u kba"]. Kynphur, ad. loosely, (as, " ki mem ki riam phew kynphiir ha mg ). Kynplam, v. to dabble. Kynrad, n. a master, a lord. . , Kynrang, v. to undermine, to dig violently. Kynram, ") ad. with long horns pointing in opposite directions or Kynrem, ) with long moustaches. Kynran, v. to retire, to go backwards. Kynreng, ad. with long horns as those of a stag, obstructingly [as, " nga ioh-ili ia u masi ba u ieng kynreng. "^^ Kynrei, a. abundant, common. Kynriang, a. crooked, leaning to one side. Kynriah, v. to remove, to shift. Kynrih, v. to sift with a sieve. Kynro, v. to grope. Kynrong, v. to raise oneself a little from the seat while sitting ; to prop. Kynrong-sh'ing, v. to perform a ceremony for depositing the bones in the common ancestral cairn.

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67 KYNROH KYNTA Kynroh, ka, n. a wall ; — v, to build a wall. \Im%i. ka kynroh-ka kynram.] Kynroi, v. to stir, agitate. Kynroi-prie, v. to have nausea. Kynruh, v. to rinse, churn, rumble, shake. \Imit. kynruhkynrang.] Kynrum, ac?. confusedly (like debris) . \Imit. kynrum-kynram.] Kynrum-kynram, hi, n. things lying about in confusion. Kynrup, v. to pounce upon, to seize. Kynsah, v. to strike or push with the elbow. Kynsai, a. of the best kind, selected, choice, sterling. Kynsan, ad. forcibly, suddenly, [as, " ka miaw ka kynrup kynsan trait ia ka khnai."] Kynsat, v. to insert, to stick to. Kynsha, a. lonely, horrid, dangerous. Kynshah, v. to side with ; to be close to. Kynshait, v, to syringe. Kvnshdiit' \ ^^' shrewishly, [as, "balei phi \q\i kynshdiit'kMnmQ.'*'^ Kynshew, v. to collect, gather together ; to store up. [^Imit. ky nshew-kyndiap. ] Kynshin, v. to dislike eatable things. Kynshoit, v. to instigate ; to abet. Kynshriang, «. graceful, elegant (form). Kynshu, v. to set a dog on. Kynshur, v. to move forward. Elynsi, n. a brother-in-law or sister-in-law ; {deikynsi) liaving relationship not prohibited by Khasi customs to marry. Kynsia, v. to hiss. Kynsit, v. to close the mouth of a pouch by drawing its thread on both sides. Kynslut, v. to sniff, snuff. Kynsnok, v. to snore. *Kynta, ka^ n. hour, — v. to make an unnecessary mention of details. * Hindi. "

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58 KYNTAIT KYNTHONG Kyntait, v. to reject, to throw aside. Kyntang, a. consecrated, holy ; — v. to finish up the fringe of a network. Eyntang-maram, w, n. the spirit of a person who died on the high-way or out-of-doors and whose body lies exposed and unburnt. His attack to people is indicated by a severe headache. Kynta-lyngkor, it, n. the part of a plough from which the farmer holds and directs the plough-share. Kyntar, ad. like a fox (with a drooping tail). Kynteitj v. to speak or scold with a loud voice. Kyntcm, ka, n. the bed of a garden or fi.eld ; threshing floor. Kyntem-uiuh-mat, a. lazy, slothful, {lit. having long drooping eye-lasbes). Kvnter \ ^^' ^^^^ drooping tail like a frightened dog or fox. Kynthak, ad. lively, friskily, [as, " ine i khynnah iba smat noh teh kynthak.^^l Kynthah, v. to foment, to sear ; to sting. Kynthai, ad. beautifully (clothed), [as, " u pynnoh ia ka tdong bohkhaiia kijntliM''^ ; flowingly. Kynthap, v. to be close to or against any object. Kynthei, ha, n. female. \Im%t. kynthei-khynnah.] Kynthem, ad. with overlapping dhoti ; flourishing. \Imit. kynthem-kynjai.] Kynthen, ad. with a big calf, (as, "u Khasi u don ka khohwah kaba lieh kynthen'^). Kynther, v. to throw off, to shake. Kynther-jymbnin, v. to disown a child (by a mother). Kynthet, «d violently, carelessly, [as, " wat ju ^\\\m. kynfhet ia kaei kaei ba {?ang"] ; — v. to shake off or break off (friendship). Kynthew, ad. with a long tail ; in ragged clothes, [as, " u sim uba JL'ong u tdong kynthew.'^'\ Kynthiak, ad. like a well dressed little girl, [as, " ine i khynnah iba bha briew kynthiak y] Kynthiap, ad. modestly, (as, "i kliynnah i iengkynthiaj)''). Xynthih, v. to jump up (high), — ad. completely, fully, [as, " san snem kynthih nga la shoi:ig ryngkat bad phi mynta."] KynthlAp, v. to flap, splasb. Kynthong, ad. conspicuously (like a small solitary tree).

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69 KYNTHOH KYNTOP Kyntlioh, v. to make a blotch or mark, to criticise ; to comment on, Kynthr^in-, } '''^' ^''^^^■^^^^' ^-"^^^ ^ ^P^^o ^nthrong:] Kyntliii, V. tc give out as decided with a view to win the game. Kynthung, ad. conspicuously (like a ])ig solitary tree). Kynthun, ad. with big, fat calves, (as, " u biiew uba heh ka khohwah kynthun'^). Kynthup, ad. modestly, well covered, [as, " nga ioh-i ia u shipai ba u kup la ka brandi kyntlmp"'] ; — v. to embrace, clasp, comprise. Kynthur, ad. with loose garments, (as, " u phong ka sopti kaba kyutliur'"). Kynti, v. to strike with a clenched fist on the back ; — n. times, (as, shikynti^ once ; a>r kyiiH, twice) ;--ad. entirely, (as, iohkyutiy inherited) . Kyntiak, a. well-formed but small ; smart. Kyntiang, v. to make a clinging noise. Kyntik, v. to make a dull sound, as if treading heavily on the ground. Kyntien, ka, n. a morsel ; a word (generally joined with numerals. Adjectives shi — , dr— , lai — ). Kyntiew, v. to lift, to impose, to promote. Kyntiew-kurim, v. to perform a marriage ceremony. Kyntiew-doh, ?;. to be healed (of a wound). Kyntiew-iing, v. to admit in the house. [Imit. kyntiew-iicg kyntiew-sem.] Kynting, v. to throw upwards. Kyntip, v. to ask one whether he knows what one is holding or thinking about ; to disavow. Kyntir, ad. with a small tail, (as, "u khniang uba don tdong kyutlr'). Kynto, V. to urge ; press. Kyntong, a. like a? hillock, [as, '* don iwei i lum iba hyntong hajan Mawsmai."] Kyntoi, ad. like a small protuberance. Kyntoit, ha, n. a cluster of houses, a village, a quarter. [Tmit, kyntoit-kyntiaj.] Kynton, v, to heave i-^ka, n. a heap, a mound, earthen wall. Kyntop (jrong-), ad. like a pig tail. [As, " ki Blue-jac/cefs ki long ki shipai -lieng ba phong i tupia iba kyntop".']

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60 KYNTU KYRDEM Kyntu, V. to urge, persuade. Kyntung, a. like a hill or mound, [as, " don uwei u marok uba kyntmig hangtai."] Kyntui, ad. largely. Kyntuit, v. to urge (bad sense), to instigate. Kyntiip, ad. with a long drooping tail like that of a fox. Kyntur, v. to push with the nose ; to burrow. Kyn-tid, v. to sing, to hum ; to intone ; to chant. Kyn-um, ^^, n. a brother-in-law. [Imit. u kyn-um-u iing.] Kyoh, ha, n. {vide k'oh). Kyr-ang, v. to crack. Saw kyrang^ reddish. Kyr-ah, a. ring-shaped (like the ring seen in the tail of a rattle- snake). Kyr-an, a. short but stout. Kyrbam, v. to bite the nether lip. Kyrbei, ka, n. a mantis. Kyrbeit, a. warped, distorted ; — v, to strain, to exert, \lmit. kyrbeit-kyrthing.] Kyrkait, v. to shout exultingly. Kyrkhah, ha^ n. phlegm ; — v. to clear the throat, Kyrkhait, v. to gnaw with zest. Kyrkhoit, ha^ n. a cartilage. Kyrkhu, v. to bless ; to produce a particular sound {khu), [/mit. kyrkhu-kyrdoh.] Kyrkieh, v. to be in a hurry ; — ad. hastily. [Imit. kyrkieh-kyrda.] Kyrking, ad. like a small connecting link or portion between two large bodies ; slender (as, ka " Isthmus Panama ka sah sa kyrking''). JKyrkit, kat n. a cricket, play-ground. Kyrkoh, v. to crow over a person. Kyrda, v. to exert, strive, to use one's strength. Kyrdan, ka, n. step, degree, shelf. \Imit. kyrdan-kyrnah]. Kyrdap,') ad. as if wearing something hanging, (as, **u kieng ia Kyrdep, > 'ksiim^ kyr dap"). Kyrdat, ad. dangling, (as, " ka iarong ka sdien kyrdat ha katyr* peng"). ICyrdem, v. to stamp with the foot, X English.

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61 KYRDOH KYR-OH Kyrdoh, v. to exert. Kyrdon, kay n. stair, step, degree. [^Imit. ka kyrdon-ka kyrnah.] Kyrdot, ad. hangingly (like a small ball). [As, "biin ki Khasi ki deng kyrdot da ki 'siar-tylli."] Kyrduh, a. needy, poor, wanting. [Jm?7. kyrduh-kyrtan.] Kyrdut, ad. like a big ball haDging. [As, " nga ioh-i ba ka don kaba atsohkhliamg kyrdut ha ka shkor u War."] Kyr-eit, a. vain, foppish. Kyrngah, v. to sLake the head as a sign of disapproval ; to be nnwiUing; to decline. \^lmit. kyrngah-kyrngang.] Kyrngang, ad. like a lonely boy or truant. Kyrngaid, v. to eat with zest. Kyrngem, ka, n. a fruit-pigeon. Kyrngiang, ka^ n. a piece of skin of a pig with the fat adhering to it. Kyrngong, ad. like a modest boy, (as, " u khynnah u shong tipsngi kyrngong^^). Kyrhai, a. abundant ; — ad. abundantly. Kyrhieh, v. to speak or threaten aloud like a drunkard. Kyr-iah, v. to cut a fish horizontally at short intervals for frying or cooking ; to cut at short intervals. Kyr-iap, ") ad, standing like a diseased fowl. [As, " balei utai u Kyr-iep, j 'khar-kaw u ieng kyriap ha lyeit dieng ?"] Kyr-iat, v. to gnash. Kyr-iaw, a. seasoned, full-grown. Kyr-ih, v. to turn round and round while in a sitting posture ; to turn as on a hinge. Kyrmen, v. to hope. Kyrn^i, ad. in the same place, [as, " u shu shonff kyrndi haiuh hi."] . t> ^ J Kyrni, a. addicted to, accustomed to. Kyrniom, v, to roll up (like a cloth when washed) ; to spoil by rough handling. Kyrnot, a, stubborn, hard, lasting. Kyr-oh, V, to carve in a concave shape, (as the head of an arrow to fit the bow-string).

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62 KYR-OT KYRTONG Kyr-ot, a. stubborn, easily provoked. KyrpiUl, V. to pray, beg, supplicate. [Imii. kyrpad-kyrpon.] Kyrpang, ad. aside, separately ; — a. separate, set ajtart, particular, Kyrpong, ka, n. the back of the house. Kyr-sa, v. to undermine, {esp. in soft earth or sand as a mola does). Kyrsan-kyrbah, v. to call on the gods for the restoration of one's good health or prosperity. Kyrsan-rngiew, v. to call back one's good luck or life by invoking the gods. Kyrsbah, v. tr^ put on a piece of cloth in front, (being a part of the dress of women). Kjrshan, v. to uphold, help, to support. Kyrshung, a. having the appearance of a wedge, (as, " u sniang u iaid kyrshung"). Kyrshut, a. to rub, scour. Kyrsia, v. to squirt ; to spurt. Kyrsiew, v. to call up, to wake up. Kyrsih, v. to go on the haunches, to crawl (as a child). Kyrsong, v. to be swollen (like a boil) ; to come to a head. Kyrsoi, v. to ooze, to come out. Kyrsuh, v. to poke. Kyrsum, v. to wallow. Kyrteng, v. to name ; — ka, n, a name. Kyrtep, w, u. an evil-spirit who causes blindness to a man. This affliction is ascribed to the adultery of the father which is visited on his children. Kyrthdi, v. to turn round or drive in as with an auger. Kyrthat, v. to s^orawl, to writhe. Kyrthiaw, v. to twist ; to maul. Kyrthom, v. to tread heavily on the dust or mud so as to cause damage to crops, etc. Kyrthup, v. to bathe in the dust or sand (as a fowl does). Kyrtiang, v. to turii- round. ... Kyrtiah, ti, n. a wind-demon ; a storm mixed with rain. Kyrtong, u^ n. a bull, an ox ; a hero.

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63 KYRTOH DAd Kyrtoh, v. to leap, to curvet. Kyrtoh-lyndet, v. to reboimdj to re-act. Ky.rtimg, ad. promincnlly, bulgingly ; [as, phi lah ba'n xoli-i ia u Kyllang nalor u lum Sliillong, ii tai kyrtung.'] KYrvvep' s ^^^^" ^^^^^^ (bent), pliably; [as, " u briew u la jem KyinYopJ ky^^^^n^-'l Kyrwat, ka^ n. a turn (of a path). Kyrweng, ad. loose. [As, " ki Saheb ki ju phong mynmiet ka sopti kaba ki/rweng.'^] Kyrwiang, v. to wind up, to turn round, [/mit. kyrwiangkyrwit.] Kyrwit, ka^ n. a round, a turn. Kyrwoh, n. a link, a ring ; aihjrwoh^ to give notice by sending round a ring made of cane or of bamboo, etc. D. !D, the fourth letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Da, (1) prep, by, with, through : (2) often used N|;o express contingency and to soften a command ; [as, " haba phi shim ruh da rah biang biang ioh hap."] (3) v. to protect. Dab, u, n. a bullock ; — ka, n. the handle of a knife. Dabi, ka^ n. a small box or case ; a claim ; — v. to lay claim, to. Dabia, ka, n. a small box or case. Dabor, ka, n. a basin ; a double pice. Dab-tari, n. a handle of a knife ; — u^ n. a daftri or book-binder. Dak, u, n. a sign, a letter; a mark; a postal runner ; — ad. at once, imDiediately ; [as, " u myrsiang " u la dait ia ka biang, hynrei tang nga shu j)ei ^i- la iehnoh dak.'"'\ [Imit. ka dak-ka shin.] Daka, ka, n. a cowrie selected out of a lot for use in gambling. fDakaid, n. an evil doer ; a dacoit. fDakhir, u. to deposit ; entrust ; file. ^ Dakhol, n fDokhor, > v. to appropriate ; to take possession of. -Dakhor, ) Dad, a. hard, hot tempered, strict. .t Beugali.

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64. DADIEN DARLIENG Dadien, ad. backward ; [as, u laid dadien.'] Dangj ad. yet, still, just ; [as, trei katba daiig im ; khie dang step lashai, lio] ; — v. to commence. Dangkhie, a. young, growing. [Imit. dangkhie-dangsan.] Dang-ngir, ad. early in the morning. Dah, V. to prepare (pan-leaf and lime) ; — n. preparation (for sacrifice). [Imit. ka dah-ka-dong] — v. to commence, begin. {Synteng to copulate.) iJa ara, ) ^j^^-^jigeixi), n, an outer garment worn by Khasi women. *Dai, ka^ n. a wet nurse, — ka ddi, n. a fine. Hindi ddl. Daiii, v. to impose (a fine); to cut. Daiii-dain, a. wide, spacious ; [as, ki la siang ka rynsan kaba daifi' dain halor.] Daifidong, v. to corner some one in argument. Dain -dor, 7;. to fix the price ; to haggle. Daini-daikot, ka, n. a witch. Dait, V. to bite, itch, worry ; — pyndait^ v. to fit. 'dait, w, n. {ahhrev. of kdait) ekra, reed. *t Dait-doh, a. compact, thick. Dait-thah, a. very cold ; ice-like. Da lei-lei, phr. at any cost. * Dam, a. obliterated. Da-mar, fhr. used in contemptuous expressions or in challenging ; [as, " da-mar une u pran ia leh."] Dambit, v. to stick, to adhere. Dana, n. food, grain (especially given to animals) — ad. a bit (used with shi-, as, " ym don shi dana ruh.") Danda, a. deceiving, cheating, befooling, tricky, — v. to joke. [^Imit. danda-phulit.] Dap, a. full, sufficient, enough. Dap-hom (ym-), v. to be unsatiable. Dar-dar, adv. with quick light steps ; [as, iaid dar-dar.] Dara, ka, n. a temporary hut ; a tent ; shelter. Da' rap-jot, phr. to make a lame excuse. 1 Diir-lieng, ka, n. the trace of a boat in shallow water. — * Hindi. "

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65 DAT DENG-DENG Dat, V. to beat. [/mit. dat-shoh.] Dathew, ad. thoughtfully, deliberately ; [as, leh dathew, kren daDaw, n. a cause, an excuse. \_Imit. ka daw-ka dong.] Daw-daw (eh), ad. toiigh ; [as, " ka doh ka la eh ddw-ddw.''^'\ Dawa, V. to claim. Dawai, ka, n. medicine. [ImiL dawai-dashin.] Dkai, u, n. a kind of small honey-fly. Dkar, k.n, n. a tortoise. Dkaw, ad. in reserve for an emergency. Dkhai, v. to pull in pieces. Dkhan, w, n. a kind of hill-rat or mole. Dkhap, ka^ n. a tick, {Ixodes). Dkhar, u, n. a non-Khasi. \_Imit. u dkhar-n-lyngkien.] Dkhat, V. to break off or snap. Dkhc4w, V. to come off (as hair), to become bald. Dkhew, 2ii n. a kind of gnat. Dkhi, 11, n. a small kind of wasp. Dkhiat, u, n. itch, {acarus scahiei). Dkhiew, w, n. ant. Dkhot, ka, n. a part, a piece, a member, a verse ; — n, pieces of meat used in sacrifice. \_/mit. u dkhot- u dkhai.] Dkhoh, ka, n. an owl. Dko, n. the people living in the north-western part of the Khasi Hills, on the borders of the Garo Hills ; the Garos. [Imif. u Dko-u Lyngngam,] Dkoh, a. lame. [Imit. Dkoh-dkia.] Dkut, V. to snap, break, finish up. Dkut-mynsiem, v. to give up the ghost. De, ad. also, too ; [as, "nga rub nga'n leit de.^'^ *Dek, w, n. a large cooking vessel, a dekclii. Deng, V. to put on (jewels), to adorn with ornaments. [^Imit. deng-kup.] Deng-deng, ad. with ease ; [as, " ia uba heh u khiew ruh ka rah " ' "i * Hindi, deng-deng.^^^

66 DEI 'DI Dei, V. to belong to, to hit — a. fit, proper, right, related. Dei-thana, a. having some relationship by marriage. \^Imit. dei thana-dei thakher.] Dem, V. to bend, to lie down, yield, bow, to be deeply engaged in ; ■ — ad. constantly ; assiduously ; [as, u dem leit, u dem wankai.] Demdiap, ad. assiduously, continually; [as, "u iaiwan deni diap ha iing."] Demshylliah, v. to be suffering from chronic illness Den, ad. fast, stedfastly ; [as, nga la jan ur hynne hinrei tang ba nga ioh snoh na u dieng nga la neh den.'] — v. to bund. Den-den, ad. with firm steps (of a child) ; [as, laid den-den.'] Dep, V. to finish — ad. in full, all. Der-der, ad. lightly, gaily (walk) ; [as, *' ki Sohra haba leit Tharia ki laid der-der."] 'der-phiang, u, n. grass dressed for thatching. *Desi, a. country-made. Det, mt. pooh ! Tush ! Dew, int. a word used in calling a dog — ka Deiv, n. a wave (at sea). 'dew {ahhrev. of khyndew), ka, n. earth, dust. 'dewbyrtha, i«, n. clay. 'dewksang, ka, n. hard earth. 'dewkynroi, ka, n. loose earth. 'dewiong, ti, n. coal. 'dewlangni, ka^ n. meadow. 'dewlynnong, ka, n. an island. 'dewmet, ka, n. dust ; earth or soil free from sand and stone. 'dewsaw, ka, n. red eartb. 'dewshrah, ka, n. fallow land ; arable land ; virgin soil. 'dewtrai, ka, n. solid earth, terra firnia, (the opposite of \lewkynroi). Dngang, ad. lonely, (as, " u don tang marwei dngai>g'^). Dngiang, ad. lively, (as, u peit dngiavg). Dngiem, n. a bear. Dngong, ad. in the same place, steadfastly, (as, u ap dngong). *di, n. ahhrev. of " bdi " i.e., 20. * Hindi. 1! I

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DIANG DIENG-NGAN Diang, v. to receive, — n. the left, 'diang {abbrev. of " pdiang "), ■y. imjyer. receive it. 'diangti-diangjat, v. to receive completely. Diap, ad. carefully, minutely ; [as, " phi dei ba'n da tarn bha diap ia ki sapiet-sapai."] Diaw, ad. low-spirited, disappointed ; [as, " balei u leh diaw kumtai."] *dik, a. to become troublesome. Didiaw, ka, n. a long-legged bird ; also called " ka Diawoit" from its cry. Dikdik, ad. very, dearly, longingly ; [as, " u kwah dik-dik ba'n ia shem bad la ki khun."] Die, V. to sell, betray. [^Imit. die-thied.] Die-baibat, v. to sell for cash. Die-baitrai, v. to sell at a cost price. Die-khutia, v. to sell in retail. [Imtt. die khutia-khutain.] Die-duh, v. to sell away ; to sell at a loss. [Imit. die-duh die-sep] Dieng, tc or ka, n. wood, tree, — u. timber. [Imit, ka dieng-ka siej.] ^ Dieng-bilat, ka, n. the gum-tree. Diengblei, u, n. sdl tree. (JBot). Shorea Hobusta. Dieng byllan, u, n. a wooden sleeper ; a cat's paw. Dieng bylliat, w, n. a hard wood used as posts. Diengbti or diengbyti, ka, n. a red-wood used for making bedsteads, chairs, etc., poma, (Bot.) Cedrela toona. Diengkdin, ka, n. a tree whose bark produces a sore if handled. {Bot.) Rhus succedanea. Diengkseh, u, n. the pine-wood. {Bot.) Finns Khasya. Diengkurlong, ka, n. {Bot.) melia composita. Diengkya, w. (see Kya). {Bot.) Bombay malabaricum ; ^ ooiton tree. DiengddWj ka, n. a hard dried wood. .Diengdoh, ka, n. {Bot.) Buclandia populnea ; a tree with leaves like the betel but thick ; a name of one of the Khasi clans. Diengduh, u, n, staff, walking stick. [Imit. diengduh-diengshdn.] Dieng-ngan, ka, n. a tree which is sometimes dressed for timber. {Bot.) Schima walUchii. i~ •' »u ■ , , , * Hindi,

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6^ DIENG-NGAI DIENGSHIAH Dieng-ngai, ka, n. the "iron-tree" oi* nahur ; Nar/es^or. (Bot.) Mesua ferrea. Diengiap, ka^ n. fire- wood, dried- wood. Diengiap-ieng, ka, n. a tree which is withered up. Dieng-iei, ka, n. the name oi a gigantic ti-ee in Kliasi folklore supposed to have grown at the beginning of creation on the hill west of and over-looking the Shillong station. It is said that the tree was of such an enormons size that it over-shadowed the whole earth, [^Imit. diengiei-diengpiet.] Dieng lamaki, ka, n. [Bot.) Symplocus racemosa. A kind of tree the leaves of which are used in dyeinsj cloths. Diengjamynrei, tt, n. a shrub much used in making tikia. Diengjing, u, n. {Bot.) Qnercus spiuida. Dienglieng, ka^ n. the name of a tall and straight tree. {Bot.) JBetula accuminata. Dienglyngngong, ka, n. the stump or knob of a tree. [Imit. Dienglyngngong-dienglyngngiang.] Dienglymbong, ka, n^ a piece of undressed wood, a part of a trunk, a log. Diengmet, ka, w. a term applied to all trees besides pine-trees. Dieng-niangmat, ka, n, a shrub whose bark yields a yellow colour and is used as medicine for eye sores ; {Boi?) Berheris Nepalen' sis ; a kind of holly. ^iengphasi, ka, n. the gallows. Diengpingwait, ka, n. a tree whose bark is of a lively green colour used in making handle for daw, etc. {Bot.) Baphnidium puU cherrimum. Diengphna, u, n. a bolt, a piece of stick for stretching out things (as skins) ; the cross. Biengphniengj w, n, the bolt of a trap. Biengpyngkiang, ti, n. a cross-bar, obstacle. 2)ieng-ri, ka, n. {Bot.) Queroua dealhata. Dieng-rtiang, ka, n. {Bot.) Quercus serrata ; oak. Diengsawdong, it, n. a square piece of timber or post ; a beam. Diengshalangmat, ii, n. a rafter. Diengsahbiar, u, n. a batten. Diepgshaindoh, ka, n. a piece of wood where flesh is minced, tk chopping board ; one who forbears ill-treatment. Biengshankhung, u, n. a truss. Biengshiab, u^ n, a brier, a thorn, a bramble.

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6^ DIENGSHYNRAIN DING Diengsliynrain, ka, n. a dried twig. [Imt't. dicngsliynrain-diengsby Uriah.] DiengsniDg, ka, n. a kind of oak tree, a Kbasi oak, {Bot.) Castaiiopsis sp. Diengsong ka, n. a prickly- tree resembling lea kya or the simul cree ;(in Assamese) ti.adar. {Bot.) Erijthrina ; an instrument made of pieces of wood for punishing criminals ; stocks. Diengsohbyrthit, u, n. a shrub bearing sticky flowers. Diengsohkynphor, ?/, n. the papaya tree. Diengsohli-ia, ka., n. a tree whose thick bark is used in colouring earthen wares. (Bot.) Myrica Nagi. Diengsohiong, ii, n. a Khasi cherry tree. {Bot.) JPrunus ferruginea. Diengsoblyngdkhur, u, n. the mulberry tree. Diengsohmanir, n, n. a litchee tree. Diengsohniamtra, ka, n. an orange-tree. Diengsohpairahj n. {Bot.) Sapindus mukorrosi ; the soap nut. (Hindi) ritha. Diengsohphan, zi, n. the jack-fruit tree. Diengsohpieng, u, n. the n\ango tree. Diengsohphoh, u, n. the apple-tree (wild). {Bot.) Pyrus granw lata. Diengsohpri-am, it, n. the guava tree. Diengsohshur, ti, n. the wild pear-tree. Diengsuwali, u, n. one of the sticks attached to the big crossstick of a plough to guard the neck of the ox. Diengthang, ka, n. wood for erecting a funeral pyre. Diengthlieh, ka, n. a split piece of fire wood. DiengtylMw, ka, n. a brand. Diengtyllij u, n. a whole piece of wood. Die-laka, j ^^ ^^^ ^ wholesale. Die-lang, ) Die-lildm, v. to sell by auction. Dien, ka, n. track, trace, mark, limit, ka dien-ka bud.] Dienjat, ka^ n, foot-print. Bier., v. to be too late. Ding, n, ka, fire. [ImU. ka ding-ka theh.]

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10 DINGPYRTHAT DOH Dingpyrthat, ka, n. fire lighted by a flash of lightning. Dingsuid-tdn, ka^ n. will-o'-the wisp, ignis fatuus, jack-o'-lantern. Dih, V. to drink [Imit. dih-bam.] Diliduma, v. to smoke. [Imit. dihduma-dihdukhew.] Dihe, a. big and fat. Dihia, a. fat and heavy. Diho, a. short and fat. Dob-dob, ad. slowly and steadily (child), [as, " i khunlung i la sdang iaid dob-dob.^^ } Dok, V. to kiss ; to correct or counterpoise the balance before weighing things, — ka, n. a canister. Dod-dod, ") quiveringly, as an old man (walks) ; [as, " u la > ad. tymmen dod-dod mynta."]; very weakly attachDnd dud ) ed ; [as, " ka bniat ka la khih dod-dod.^'] Dong, ka, n. corner, quarters, angle. [Imit. ka dong-ka kuna.] 'dong {nbbi'ev. of tyndong), ka, n. tube, pipe ; [as, ka dong tympew.] Dong, V. to roll up pan or any leaf in a conical shape (like a khili). Dongkor, ka^ n. the back of the ear. Dong dong, ad. without any difficulty, easily, [as, *' la u khiewphiang ruh u rah dong-dongT^ Dongla, ka, n. a species of bamboo. Dong lotlot, ka, n. a kind of flageolet. Donglydong, ad. completely ; [as, " u tyllun donglydong^^ Dongmatang, ka, n. a right angle. Dongmatla, ka, n. a bamboo with diseased joints. Dongnai, ka, n. the end of the spinal bone ; the coccyx. Dongnit, ad. like the tail of a wag-tail ; [as, " i sim iba jrong tdong dongnit. ^^] Dongrong, ad. like a small helpless beetle ; [as, kli dongrong."] 'dong shimat, ka, n. a bamboo tube between two joints ; a person who cannot keep secrets, 'dongtympew, ka, n. a chunga for pan leaf. Dob, V. to kiss. [Imit, doh-dait.] — ka, n. flesh, meat. [Ifnit, ku doh-ka-kah.]

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71 DOHBNIAT DON Dohbniat, ka^ n. the gums at the root of the teeth. Dohkha, ka^ n. fish. [Imit. clohkha-dohpnat.] Dohksew, a. obstinate, dogged. Dohkrang, ka, n. the rib. Dohksah, ka^ n. the muscle. Dohkyudang, ka, n. a string of meat. Dohdah, ?/, n. the uvula. Doh-iap, ka^ n. carrion, — a. desperate, reckless. Dohjem, ka^ n. the internal soft parts of the body, such as the liver, the lungs, the kidneys, the heart, and other organs in the chest and abdomen. Dohlen, ka, n. the gums without the teeth as those of a baby. Dohmasi, ka^ n. beef. Dohmet, ka^ n. the lean. Dohmrad, ka^ 71. venison. [^Imit. dohmrad-dohmreng.] Dohniej (kren-), ad. in a gentle flow of speech ; [as, kren do/miej.] Dohnud, u, n. the liver, — /^(7, heart or mind. [hnit. dohniiddohnam.] Dohsatar, ka, n. tough flesh fnext to the muscle). Dohshyieng, ka^ n. bones (with flesh attached to them). Dohsniang, ka, n. pork. Dohsnieh, ct, dogged, stubborn. Dohsohkhia, u, n. a piece of bone or cartilage to be found in the chests of cattle. Dohtaitwait, ka, n. odds and ends (of meat). Dohtdongj ka, n. the hump. Dohthej, ad. with fluency and aptness of speech ; [as, " u kren dohthej:'] Dohthli, 2/, n. a small fish. [/mit. dohthli-dohthdm.] Bengali^ yjln ^Tf 1 *Doi, kcii n. curd. Doi-doi, ad. as in a swing, to and fro ; [as, pawang doi-doi] ; weak, [as, nga sngew doi-doi.] Doloi, u, n. a ruler or chief (in Jaintia Hills) ; a title of honour. Dom, a. hot tempered, hard ; — ka, f?. a pull (of smoke). Domriang, a. having an angry appearance. Don, V. is, has, exists. * Hindi,

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12 d6n-d6n duai Don-don, ad. firmly (walk, like a little bird or child) ; [as, " i kliunlung mynta i la iaid don-don.^'] Don-ak6r, a. well-behaved ; polite, civil. Donbak, v. to dare (used in challenging or with contemptuous expression). Donbok, v. to be lucky. I)onb6r, a. powerful, influential, [/mif. donbor-donsor.] Donburom, «. honourable, [hnit. donburom-donsurom.] Donkam, v. to need, to have business, to be occupied, [/jnit. donkam-donjam.] Donduk, v. to have complaints or troubles, [/mit. dondukdonpap.] Dondvyr, a. beautiful ; well carved or fashioned, [/mit. dondurdondar ] Don-iktiar, a. having authority. Donrain, a. having sense of honour. [Imit. donrain-donrem.J Dop, kui n. the bark or layer as of a plantain tree or bamboo. Dop-kait, ka, n. the bark of a plantain tree. Dopwai, ka^ n. the outercrust or cover of an areca-nut tree. Dor, ka, n. price ; [/mit. ka dor-ka mur.] — a. distorted, curved. Dorbar, ka, n. couDcil. [//;n7. ka dorbar-ka sorbar.] *Dorbin, ka, n. a telescope ; glasses. *Dorkhat, n. a petition, application. [/;;^i^. ka dorkhat-ka dorpat.] *Dorji, 71. a tailor. *Doroga, u, n. an Inspector or Sub-Inspector of Police ; a Boraga. *Dorwan, it, n. a door-keeper. fDoskot, V. to sign. fDostabit, ka, n. an agreement on paper ; a bond. Bpei, kd, n. hearth ; ashes. Du, ad. after all, well, really, is n't it ? [as, " ka'm long kumta du ? Khat u nang iaid ^w.] Duwai, ") or K V. to pray ; — n. prayer, [/uiit. duai-pliirat.] Duai, ) * Hindi. | t Bengali.

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73 DUWAN ■ DULAN Duwan, ") or y ka^ n, an altar. [Imit. duwan-dupat.] Duan, ) Duar, kfif n. a door, an opening, a ^

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74 DULE DUWANI Dule, V. to keep or fulfil one's promise, used only with the negative " ym." Duli, ka, n. a palanquin. fDulir, ka^ n. document, — v. to put to task, punish. Dulon, V, to toil, to plod. Dum, a. dark, ignorant. fDum, n. a fisherman. [^Imit. u diim-u maswa.] Duma, w, n. tobacco, [/mit. duma-dukhew.] Dumadih, u, n. tobacco for smoking in a hooka prepared with treacle. Dumasla ti, n. tobacco leaf. Dumbuit, v. to be confounded, to be at a loss. Dum-dngiem, v. to be at a loss {coloq.) Duml'oh, "^ or > V. to be foggy or misty. Dumlyoh, ) Dummiew, a. shady, sunless (opposite of ryngngi). Dum ok, V. to threaten, scold, \_lmit. dumok-kamok.] Dun-diin, ad. with firm steps (like the walking of a hen). Duna, a. short, faulty, little. Dup, aux. V. may, in order that ; [as, minot ba'n dup nang.] Dur, ka, n. shape, form, picture, [/mit. ka dur-ka dar.] Durblei, ka, n. an image. *Duri-p6, ka, n. a kind of gambling. *Duriap, v. to ponder, think. Dur-lanot, int. good gracious I bother it I *Duriaw, ka, n. the sea. *Dusmon, n. an enemy. [I mit. u dusmon-u dandia.] *Dustur, ka, n. custom, habit. fDusuin, ka^ n. a Bengali basket. Duwai, V. to pray, supplicate, [/mit. duwai-phirat.] Duwali, ka, n. the Kali Poojah festival ; the annual gambling season. Duwan, ka, n. an altar. [Imit. ka duwan-ka dupat.] *Dawani, ka, n. civil suit ; civil court. * Hindi. | t Bengali.

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75 DYNGKHONG EIT-KOR DyDgkhong, ka^ n. a stump (of a tree); \^Imit. dyngkhongdyngkhait.] Dyngngor, ad. to be in a stupified state/ spell-bound, (as, " u leli biej dyngngor'^). Dyngheng, ad. amazed, surprised j [as, " u peit lyngngoh dyn^^ heng.^ \ Dyngong, "^ or > ad. intently, stedfastly ; [as, " u ksew u ap dyngDngong, ) ojjg."] — u, n. a small bear. Dympuin, ka^ n. manure (of ^jhum cultivation). Dypei, ka^ n. hearth, — u, ti. ashes, same as dJ>eL E. E, the fifth letter in the Khasi alphabet. Ekjakor, w, ;?. a devil in the shape of a serpent ; a fabulous seamonster. lEksamin, ka^ n. examination, — -v. to examine. Eng-eng, a, sound and healthy ; [as, " kumno u briew uba dang eng-eng u shu iap ?"] *Engrej, n. the English. Eh, a. hard, difficult, unrelenting, — ad. very, exceedingly, — int. fie! Eh-eh, a. exceedingly hard or stiff, very tedious. E-he, hit. expression of disapproval ; expression of triumph and wonder, especially when followed by heh. [as, " e-he heh^ u mareh u kulai."] Ei=a word used to emphasize or soften the expression ; fas, tip-^i =who knows ; nga la bthah ei ia u =1 did instruct him.] 'Ei ? {contr. u-ei^ ka-ei, i-ei) pron. who ? what ? [as, 'ei kata ba pah?] -ei^-suffix which means gratis,^ gratuitously ; [as, " u la ^\-ei ia nga kane."] Ei-ei, n. something, anything. Ei-ei-ruh-em, phr. nothing at all. Eire, ka, n. something (already said or understood.) Eit, ka, n. stool, dung, excrement, scum. \Imit. ka eit-ka ksem.] Eit-kor, ka, n. ear-wax. * Hindi. 1 X English.

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76 Eir-DANG GALI Eit-dang, kaha^ n. hard evacuations or faeces. Eit-masi, ka, n. cow-dung. Eit-mat, ka, n. eye-pus. [Imit. eifcmat-eitmut.] Eitmut, ka, n. nose-pus. [Tmit. eitmut-eitmat.] Eit-nar, ka, n. slag of an iron-furnace. •Elashi, u, n. cardamon. Em, ad. no. Em==a word used at the end of a sentence to soften the expression ; it is also equivalent to yon know, [as, " ynda lah b^^m lah dih em, nga sa leit noh"]. (In Synteng it means there is.) fem (badon-ba-), a. well-to-do. fen, V. to cease from crying ; to keep silence. fen-ja, V. to remain without taking food. \_Imit. enja-enjhur.] fer, <7^. like the appearance of a sudden burst of flames; [as, *' ynda ka ding kala ieng er, ki sa kyndit."] fer-^r, ad. in full blaze ; [as, " ka ding ka dang meh ^r-^r.''] *6c {abbrev. of Iyer), ka, n. air, wind, breeze. *6r-batasi-er-batamon, ka, n. a cool refreshing breeze, 'er-kyllang, ka, 71. a cyclone. '6r-kyrtiah, ka, n.si storm mingled with rain. '6r-iong, ka, n. a storm. \_Imit. 'er--iong-'er-ngit.] *er-langthari, ka, n. a whirl- wind. Ew ! inter, ejaculation of dismay or surprise = Oh 1 Ah I G. G, the sixth letter in the Khasi alphabet, but very seldom used. It is pronounced egg. ('^^O *Gadda (see kadda.) Garo, n. the Garo (same as Karo.) *Gian (see Kian.) Giri (see Kiri.) JGospel, ka, n, the Gospel. *Gali, ka, n. same as Kali. ■VMMKVWP^fWQN) * Hindi. I I English.

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77 NG NGAW-NGAW NG. Ng, the seventh letter in the Khasi alj)hahet ; it is pronounced eng, (4-). Nga, pron. I. I^gak, ad. hard ; [;is, " u wei u lymbub ngak ia u wei pat."] ; suddenly. Ngang, ad. very (bitter) ; [as, " nga sngawkthang ngang ba nga bam guinine.^^'] Ngang-ngang, o^. obstinately, tenaciously ; [as, " La nga ono* kumno kumno ruli u shu bat n^ang-ngang ia u;" '* U dieno* uba skhem ngang -ngang.''^'] Ngah-ngah, a. as tender as a new born babe ; [as, " I khunlimo" iba dang ngah-ngah.'"~\ Ngai, ^ ad. very ; soundly (sweet or sleepy); [as, " katba > nga nang bam n;ing bang ngai-ufiai;'' u nongNgai-ngai, } tub u ong " katta ki la ioh thiah bha ngai.'"'] Ngai-nt!ai-i)git-ngit, a. Aveak and dizzy; lan^juid; [as, nga'm sngewbhait bha myuta nga shu sngew ngai-ngai-ngit-ngit kumno-re,] Ngain (iong-), ad. very (black); [as, " Tang shu buh ia u powder, . shu kylla iong ngain ka um."] Kgain-ngain, ad. very (dark) ; [as, '* dang dum n^ain-ngam du, ym pat shai."] Ngam, V. to sink, to plunge. Nga'm {contr. of "nga ym "), phr. I not. Ngam-um, v. to decide by water-ordeal ; to dive. Nga'n {contr. of " nga yn "), 2^hr. I'll, I will. Ngap, ka, n. the cheek. Ngap, u, n. bee, — -ka, honey. \Imit. u ngap — u Iwai.] Ngap-ngap (dang), ad. very early in the morning. Ngap-tem, u^ n. a hive-bee, a honey-bee. Ngap-tung, Uj n. a drone. Ngap-wieh, 7/, n. a small bee that lives under-ground. Is'gar-ngar, ad. lively, green ; [as, " phi waliam u soh uba dang im ngaf-ngar.^''\ Ngat, V. to fall upon, to fall into or to be caught in a snare. Ngaw-ngaw (iong-), ad. very (black like charcoal).

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NGEK NGOI-NGOI Ngek, ad. to stop short ; [as, " nga tang sliu dumok u sangeh ngekP'\ Ngeng-ngeng, ad. drowsily, heavily ; [as, " nga sngew ka khlieh ka khia ngeng-7igeng.'"'\ Ngeit, -v. to believe, to be persuaded. Ngeit-biet, v. to be superstitious, credulous. \_Imit. ngeit bietngeit them.] Ngem (bam-), v. to do wrong secretly, (see bam-ngem.) Ngen, V. to disappear, to be suppressed. Ngen-bndi, kaba, n. waning of the moon. Ngep-ng6p, ad. with dishevelled hair ; when just getting up from bed ; [as, " tang shu khie ngep-ngep u bamja."] Nger-nger, ad. indistinctly ; dizzily ; [as, " nga ioh-i kumba laid u briew nge^-nyer."'] Nget-nget, ad. partially and faintly as a passing^ and vanishing object; [as, " nga ioh-i kein nget-nget ia ka rel."] No"i, pron. we. ^■ii^\:=.ahhrev. of sngi, sun, used as a suffix in compound word, as in mih'ngi. Ngiah, a. enough, — v. to suffer from ennui. [Imit. ngiahshoin.] Ngiah-ngiah, a. very tender or young, — ad. daintily ; [as, " u leh ngiah-ngiah ia lade."] Ngiam, v. to contain, to hold, to be able to enter. Ngieng, ad, nauseous ; to be affected with a peculiar sensation ; [as, *' nga sngew ngieng ba'n bam ia ka."] 'ngiem, {abbrev. of dngiem), a bear. Ngih ngih-ngah ngah, a. belonging to a far obscure or dismal place. Ngi'm, phr. we... not. 'ngiem-lalu, ka, n. a species of large black bear. Ngi'n, phr. we'll, we will. Ngifi ngin-ngaifi ngain, ad. dark and cloudy. Ngir-ngir, ad. very early in the morning ; [as, " u khie hynue dang ngir-ngir.^^'] Ngong, ad. suddenly (meet) ; [as, " ynda nga ia kynduh ngong hajan u sa kren."] Kgoi-ngoi, ad. languidly, weakly ; [as, " nga sngew tlot ngoi ngoi mynta."]

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79 NGON HAEI-RE-HAEI Ngon, ad, down, to the ground, attentively ; [as, ** u la nguli vgon shapliang 'mihngi."] Ngop, V. to sink down. Ng6r, V. to prune ; to lop off. Nguk-ngak ad. suddenly ; [as, " tang shu iakynduh vguh-ngak u shu iakem."] Nguh, V. to do homage, to bow, to thank. [Imit. nguh-dem.] Nguhlet-shnong, v. to tender apology or ask the pardon of a village Darbar. Ngun, ad. with the head bent down (big), steadily (wa/k) ; [as, " u shu laid ngun khlem kren."] Ngur-ngur, ad. in the dusk ; [as, " ka la sdang miet ngur-ngur mynta."] Ngut, n. used when speaking of the number of persons only, as 3b\:-'??gut=::two persons. Ngut-ngut (dang-), ad. at twilight. Ngut-ngut-nget-nget, ad. indistinctly ; [as, " nga'm tip dei u briew ne u mrad namar nga shu ioh-i nguf-ngiit-nget-ngef."^ H. H, the eigth letter in the Khasi alphabet. Ha, p^ep. in, to, into ; it is also used impersonally, as, ha diang=s let me. Haba, ad. when, since. Habadei-badei, ad. sometimes, now and then. Hak, ad. forcibly ; [as, u A u la lympat hak ia u B.] Hak-na-hak, ad. uselessly, without any cause. *Hakim, u, n. a judge, a Magistrate. Hadem, ?a. a Kuki. Hadiang, phr. let me see, have, etc.... it. Hadien, ad. after, afterwards, behind. [^Imit. hadien-habiid.] Haduh, ad. up to, as far as, until ; [as, " haduli katno n^a'n iai shah."] "" Haei ? ad. where ? Haei-haei, ad. anywhere. Haei-re-haei, ad. somewhere. * Hiudi.

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80 HANGAMEI HAMSAIA Hani^amei, ad. proud, insolent, hauglity. \^Imlt. bangameiliangapa.] Hangne, ad. here Hangno ? ad. where. Hangno-hangno, ad. anywhere. Hangta, ad. there (out of sight) ; then, thereupon. Hangtai, ad. there (far, but in sight). {Imit. hangtai-hangthie.] Hangtai-tai ad. there (very far but in sight). Hangtei, ad. there (up). Hangthie, ad. there (down). Haufrto, ad. there (when the place is understood or supposed to be l

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81 HAN HEH Han, n. a duck. Hana, ad. so they say, it is said that ; (as, " hana lashai ka shuti 'sha P") Hano ? pron. (to) whom ? Hap, V. to fall, to come ofl, to tally ; to agree. Hapoh, prop, under, within, in, Hapoh-hapoh, ad. secretly ; clandestinely. Hap-shop (leit) , v. to fall into misfortunes. *Hdr, ka, n. condition; a pair (generally said of plough-bullocks) — a. all kinds of (generally used with mkom, as, hdr rukom). Har-har, ad. breezy ; [as, " wat leit shah khriat ha ka 'er har-har ba ioh pang : sngew pyrhut har /^ar."] *Hara, n. a set or a row or a group of persons or things. *Haram, v. to be unfaithful or ungrateful ; to mutiny. Harieh, ad. in secret ; [as, " u kren sniew harieh."] Harud, pre^. on or by the side of ; [as, " ka iiug jong u ka don harud surok."] \_lmit. harud — ha kiar.] Harum, ad. down, below. fHat, ka, n. a market, especially one situated at the foot of the hills. — Sht hat, a period of 4 days. ^ *Hat-kari, ka, w. handcuffs. Hateng-hateng, ad. now and then, (as, " u wan kai hateng-hateng ha iing jong ngi"). [/mii. hateng-hakhat.] §Hati, 71. an elephant. Hato, ad. then ; v. Imper. let me see, whether or not. Haw, int. why not ! — ad. publicly. Hawei-ha-ar, ai. elsewhere; [as " ba'n ^(5^t^e^-^«-ar ki'm khot basa iau."] Haw-haw, ad. clamorously, — n. the vacuum ; the atmosphere. He-he, ad. pantingly ; [as, " u la mareh haduh ba u'n da thait M^ he:'] Hek-hek, ad. very (odolrous). Heng-heug, ad, with a stentorian sound ; [as, " ka ktien jong u kaba sngew 7ieng-heng."\ Heh, V. take {imper. only), — a. big, large, great. » Hindi. i t Bengali. | § Assamese.

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S2 HEI HISA Hei, int. excuse me ; I say ; be careful ; [as, " hei khublei, nga kum dei ho."] Heit, ad. why not ? (interogatively only) ; [as, " kam long kumta-/i^zY."] Hem-hem, ad. very (red). Hen-hen, ad. like kanji ; [as, " nga la shot ia u soh ha ba'n da um hen'heny'\ Hep, /, n. younger brother or sister (used in calling) ; dear, a term used by older persons in addressing young people. Hep-hep kpoh, ka^ n.. the belly. Her, V. to fly, — {Jief) ad. awfully, exceedingly ; [as, " nga la shepting her ha. ngaioh-i ia u."] H^r-iap-her im, v. to run for life. Her-her, ad. strongly (bad smell) ; too (soft) ; very (sharp), [as, iwtung her-her; Jem her-her; nep ker-her.] Her-mynsiem, v. to be sore afraid. H^r-syrngiew, v. to be at one's wits' end. Hi, ad. and pr. self, alone ; also used to soften the abruptness (;f a sentence. Hiar, v. to go or come down, to descend — ad. down. Hiar-iadep, ka, n. a flake. Hiaw-hiaw, ad. weakly, softly ; asthmatic ; [as, " u rangbah ruh u kren hiaw hiaw kum ka kynthei."J Hikai, v. to learn, to teach. Hieng, v. having a large bore or hole ; dilated. Hih, V. take {imper. only). Hih-i, ad. yes {coloq^.) Hima, ha^ n. kingdom, state. [Imit. hima-sima,] HId, ad. finely, thoroughly, flowingly ; [as, " tylliat ha ba'n da ni hin*^; jem hin.'] Hip-hip, ka^ n. the end of the ribs. Hir-hir, ad. longingly, exceedingly : [as, " don ka ri ba sngewtynnad hir-hir.^ ^] * Hira, u, n. a kind of precious stone, diamond. * Hiran, a. tired. * Hisa, ka, n. a share. * Hindi.

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83 HO HYNROIi Ho, = please ; will you ? Hok, n. right, justice, rigbteousness, — ad. uprightly, righte" ously. H'oid, «^. yes (also written Ha-oid, Ho-oid), H6in, ad. very (red). H6n-h6n, ad. like flour which has been mixed with water, [as, " kane ka jingkhleh ka la um eh hon-hon.^'] Hor-hor, ad. tenderly, softly ; [as, " khroh hor-hor ; jem horHorkit, ad. at any rate, at all cost ; [as, *' horkit ym ju bit haram ia u nongleh bha."] [Imit. Horkit-hordang.] * Hormot, ka, n. chastity, honour. Hu, ka^ n. the porpoise. * Hukum, ka, n. commandment ; order. Hiid, ka, n. quarter, side; group. —«^. Shihud, in one way ; [as„ " kane ka shu bha skt-hud."] * Huleng, 7t. ape (black) ; hoolook. Hum-huQi-ham-ham, ad. noisily (talking). Hunam, v. to harp on the same string. Hun, a. satisfied ; pleased ; contented, 'hur, u, n. {ahhrev. of jhur) vegetable. Huri-hura, n. confusion, row. Hur-hur, ad. very, (soft like an over-ripe fruit). Huspai, (ai-), v. to indulge ; to give one his own wrong way. Hynbew, n. brother or sister. Hynddi, ad. in olden times. [Imit. Hyndai-hynthdi.] Hynmen, n. elder brother or sister. [Imit. Hynmen-hynbew.] Hynne, ad. a short time ago ; after the lapse of some hours. Hynuiew, a. seven. Hynfiiew-skum, ki, n. the seven families in the beginning of th» world. [Imit. ki hynniew skum-ki hynniew trep.] Hynnin, ad. yesterday. Hynrei, conj. but, though. Hynriew, a. six. Hynroh, n. a frog ; — ham hynroh-u-hndi, an eclipse of the moon. * Hindi.

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84 I lADEI-JINGMUT I I, the ninth letter in the Khasi Alphabet. I, (1) pron. an expression of respect or endearment = he, she, it; [as, /kong, J bah, 1 mei, J hep.] ; it is also an expression of diminution, as, Jwait-rit, Jtyllai. (2) Prefix=to appear, to look; [as, z-sih= to abhor, i bha=to take a fancy to, to like.] (3) suffix=to get sight of, to see, as in the word ioh-i. la, (1) prep, to, for, concerning, of ; [as, ia nga, ia kata.] (2) sign of an 7?w/^r.=let us, come on, [as, la kein iigin leit mynta.] (3) Prefix=sign of plurality or mutuality ; [ns, " ki ia lehkai ; u ia kren bad kiwei."] (4) time, season ; [as, " u la poi ha ka ia kaba biang."] (5) reference meaning=regarding, concerning ; [as, " J« kaba kwah ngakwah eh tang ba nga'm lah shuh " .] labuit, V, to conspire, \lmit. labuit-iasap.] lakad-maw, v. to cause a split in the religion of the family or clan by erecting a tomb wherein to deposit bones separate from the ancestral tomb (" see mawbah ") ; to schismatise. \Imit. lakad maw-kdd dieng.] lakM-jutang, -v. to break a covenant. * lakajia, v. to quarrel, to dispute. [Imit. lakajia-ia majia.] lakap, V. to make friends or join with, to make an alliance with : to have one as one's partner as in dancing, lakut, V. to make an agreement, to resolve. 'iad {abbrev. of kiad), ka, n. liquor, spirit, 'iad-khar, ka, n. same as 'iad-pudka. lada, V. to protect, to defend. ladait, v. to bite each other, to altercate ; to fight (as dogs), to fit. ladei, 'v. to agree, to tally , to be unanimous ; to be related to ; to hit {pi), to touch, ladeikha-dei-man, v. to have a relationship by marriage, ladei-kur, v. to have relationship on the mother-side ; to be of the same clan, ladei-jing-dei, v. to have some relationship, ladei- jingmut, v. to be of the same opinion, to be unanimous, to be friendly with. * Hindi.

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85 'lAD-r-lIAR lAID-PAWANG 'iad-hiar, ka, n. undistillecl liquor which gathers in a pail placed underneath a basket to receive it ; wort. 'iad-pudka, ka, n. distilled liquor ; spirit, iad-rod, ka, n. strong liquor. 'iad rong, ka^ n. liquor given by friends when cremating ceremonies are performed. iad"tang-snem, {lit. liquor consecrated for a year), ka, n. liquor supposed to have the effect of making people reckless and mad for the time being and of encouraging them to commit murder for the propitiation of " u 1 bleu. " 'iad-thnam, ka^ n. a very strong country spirit. 'iad-um, ka, n. undistilled liquor taken from a jar; beer. la-ei "? phr. what for ? la-ei-ia-ei, phr. for anything. la-ei-re-ia-ei, phr. for something. lang, ad. up (lift), [a^ " u la rah iang ka wait ba'n pom ia nga."] laid, V. to walk, to go, to proceed \^Imit. iaid-ieng.] ,>»"^ laid kai, v. to take a stroll, to take a pleasure walk. [Imit. laid kai-iengkai.] laid-ka-ieng, ka, n. manner of life. laid-kaikai, v. to walk by swinging the lower part of the body. laid-kan-kan, ) , .;,-, T .. 1 1 / 1 . >■ i;. to waddle, laid-ken-ken, ) laid- kh nip khnip, v. to walk lamely as if pressed with sharp small stones on the soles. laid-kjik kjik, v. to walk as if on pins. laid-kynthew, v. to walk with a train or tail. lAid-kynthih, v. to walk with a springy step. Idid-kyrbeit, v. to walk by tightening the muscles of the legs. Idid-dar dar, v. to have a brisk walk. Iaid-n2:eng:-ng;enf]:, v. to walk as one who is intoxicated. Jaid-ior-ior, v. to walk slowly as a weak person. laid-laitlan, v. to walk as if under no restraint ; to roam about. Idid lammir.//^r. to lead a profligate life. laid-lyngngeh, v. to walk slowly by throwing the head backwards. Idid-pawang, v, to swagger.

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8G lAID-SHAN-SHAN lAPKUT Idid-shan-shaii, ") v. to walk as one who has been, under the inI^id-shen-shen, ) fliience of liquor ; to stagger. I^id-suda, v. to go or walk without a load. laid-thnet thnet, v. to walk as if one means to knock against everything. laid-tnet-tnet, v. to walk as if one is regardless of what the feet might knock against. lai, (prefix) v. to continue to, [as, idi kren, idi long, idi shong.] la-ieh noh, v. to leave off; to divorce, lajan, a. near each other. — v. closely related, lalade, pron. self, to one's self. laiam, v. to lead. lalap, V. to say ; preach. [Imit. ialap-iariew.] laluh, V. to woo, make love, allure, entice. [IrniL ialuli-iapah.] lalur, V. to court, solicit for marria^ic. lam, V. to weep, cry. (Pronounced yam). s lamai, v. to quarrel. [Imit. iamal-iania.] lamhait, v. to easily give way to crying, lam-hriew, v. to lament for the dead, lanap, v. to devote one's self to. lania, v. to dispute, quarrel, argue. lanoh, V. to add a little more quantity than what is bought upon the terms agreed upon ; — v. {imper.) let us be off. lapoi, V. to cohabit. lap {yap), ^- to die, to lose. [Imit. iap-im.] 'iap, {abbrev. of shyiap), u, n. sand ; [as, 'x'^/lieh,' zV^^-wah.] lap-antr, ad. (generally used with rkhie), to laugh to one's heart's content. [Imit. lap-ang-iapler.] lapah, V. to allure, to decoy. [Imit. lapah-ialuh.] lapbiej, v. to die of accident or as the result of one's own carelessness. [Imit. iap-biej-iap them.] lapein, v. to give for change (money) ; to barter. lapkhlam, v. to die of cholera ; — ha, n. cholera. [Imit. iapkhlamiapngoh.] lapkut, V. to die because one could not get out of danger as from a burning house or a besieged fort.

87 lAPDUH ^lAR-LASIR lapduh, V. to be annihilated, to die without having any female relative surviving him. [Imit. iap-duh-iaptan.] lapngiah, v. to be much absorbed in anything ; to be charmed with. [Imit. iapngiah-iapshoin.] lap-iap, ad. thin and light (cloth). lap-ieng. v. to die in a standing posture as a withered tree. lap-iong, V. to be attacked with mildew, — ka, n. kdld-dzdr. lap-jyllop, V. to die of drowning ; to be drowned. lapler, v. to fall into a swoon, to faint. lap-op, V. to die of suffocation. lap-pongding, v. to die with a child in the womb. \_Imit. iappongding-iap-pongruh.] lap-shiliang, ka, n. palsy. lap-snap (i-), v. ;to be of any worth (said of property and used with the negative particle ym!) lap-snem, v. to die of epidemic disease, esp. of cholera. lap-thai, d. to wither ; to droop or be sorrowful ; to pine away in sorrow. lap-them, ka^ n. cholera. lap-thngan, v. to die of starvation. [Imit. iapthngan-iapjing-it.] lap-tram, v. to wither. lap-tyrsaw, v. to faint from hunger, [/mit. iap-tyrsaw-iaptyrsian.] lap-tyr-ut, v. to die a violent death. [Imit. iaptyr-ut-iapsmer.] lar (ydr), a. wide, open, extended, — n. {yoc.) friend. — ikr, ad. down (fall), [as, " u hap kumba h^p ka sla-dieng iar na bneug"! ; very (thin cloth or paper). 'iar, {abbrev. of syiar) n. a cock or hen. [Pronounced eedr^ larain, v. to fondle, to toy, to play or flirt. larap, v. to help, to assist. 'iar-kdait, n. a small species of fowl. *iar-khiar, ka, n. a bamboo partridge. 'iar-krad-lynti, w, n. a cock which is sacrificed previous to the cremation of the dead to act as a guide to the departed spirit, {lit. " a cock to scratch the way " for the departed spirit). iar-lasir, n. a kind of cock or hen with yellow feet, the former being much used in cock fighting.

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88 lARLY-IAR lASUH-MAR-IAP larly-iar, ad. (falling) like a light thing from a high precipice ; [as, " u la hap iar-lyiar nalor ka riat."] 'iar-mangkalai, w, n. a long-legged fowl. larong, ka, n. a small net bag for putting odds and ends, esp. betel-nut, lime, tobacco, etc. \^Imit, ka iarong-ka iadep.] laroh, V. to praise, 'iar-padat, u^ n. a cock which is killed and thrown three times over the Khasi funeral pyre, when fire is set to it. 'iar-ryngkuh, u^ n. a cock. lasang, a. not sanctioned by the laws and custom of society ; tabooing, [/mit. iasang-iama.] lasaid, v. to argue, to debate. las^id-lah, v. to hold on a discussion though beaten. lasdm, V. to divide. [Imit. ias^m-iapiet.] laseng, v. to gather, to meet ; to hold religious service or meetings. lashang, v. to associate with, to go near. lashah, v. to bear with, to side with. lashah-iasham, v, to have dealing in money matters, t.e.y between a money-lender and a borrower. lashdn, V. to hold out ; to support. lashem, v. to meet ; to come across. lashep, V. to suit; (as, " ba'n tupia Phareng uba long ym i iashep.") ''-^ lashet, V. to plot against, to betray. lashoh, V. to fight. [Imit. lashoh-iadat.] lashoh-dohkha, v. to poison fish in a stream. lasiat, V. to have a shooting match (with bows and arrows). lasiat-shon-shiw, v. to tread on one's corns. laslem, v. to remain late. lasnij V. to harbour a revengeful spirit. lasnoh, v. to connect, to cling. lasong, 2J. to prepare and give betel nut, etc., to another; to bundle up. [Imit. iasong-iatap.] lasop, V. to cover ; to concentrate one's energy to one object ; to throng round a person or thing. lasuh-mar-iap, phr. to make the last effort in any undertaking by risking one's life.

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89 IASU[T-IASHUR lAWENG lasuit-iashor, v. to confirm an agreement by pouring libations of liquor, lasiim, V. to bathe. [Imit. iasum-iasloh.] lasdm, V. to tlirow or cast a spear or pointed ekra at. lat, ia, n. a piece of wood attached to the plough. iat («i&r(?f. of k'iat), ka^ n. liquor, country spirit; (also spelt ^iad.) latang, v. to make a solemn agreement by oaths. latai, V. to sift, to scrutinize, to discuss. latait, V. to rejest, to disclaim. latdp, V. to go beyond the proper limit ; to encroach upon. lateh-ktien, phr. to betroth. latem, v. to play on a stringed instrument ; to extinguish a fire. latem-ktien, v. to interrupt one in the course of his conversation. lathad, v. to expose ; to wash dirty linen in public \_Imit. iathadiabad.] lathain, v. to interweave ; to find an excuse. lathan, ) v. to look to another for the performance of one's own lathansi, ) duty ; to find an excuse for not doing a thing because others are not doing it. lathap, V. to watch for an opportunity, to waylay. lathong, V. to bet, to wager. lathoh, V. to commit in writing ; to register a marriage. [Iiiiitiathoh-iatar.] lathuh, V. to tell, to relate. lathiihkhana, v. to relate as a story ; to preach. \_Imit. iathuhkhana-iathuhkhadeh.] latla, V. to quarrel by using obscene words. \_Imit. iatla-iatlep.j 'iaw (ydw), a. grown-up, ripe ; courageous ; an appellation of old women ; the fern, of koh which is an appellation of old men. Idwbei, ka, n. a primitive ancestress of a clan. lawbei-tymmen, ka, n. the grand primitive ancestress of a clan. lawbei-khynraw, ka^ n. the primitive ancestress of a branch of a clan. ''?*"^ ^^^"^-^ law-paw (shnong ka), n. the grave ; death, {/if. the village on the top of a hill where ka laiv-jMio dwells ; the story runs that whoever goes into her village never returns.) laweng, v. to remove; to be engaged in wrestling, etc.

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90 lAWER IING' lawer, v. to call for a companion, to solicit to go along with, to invite. lawih, V. to be engaged in a struggle ; to fight hard. lawin, V. to make noise. Ibeiri, v. to despise, [/mit. ibein-ikhoh.] Ibba, a. good looking, v. — to take fancy to, to be enamoured of[/mii. ibha-imiat.] Ibiang, a. decent-looking. \_Iiiiit. ibiang ibit] Ibiej, a. to look like a fool ; absurd. [^Imlt. ibiet'i-anna.] Ibyn-riew, v. to appear to be on the way to betterment. Ik, ad. simultaneously up (to blaze or stir), [as, " ka ding ka ieng ik ; baroli shishnong ki ieng ik.'^ \ *Iktiar, n. authority, power. I kwah, 2;. to have a desire for a thing from looking at it; to covet; Id {or it), V. to tie a baby with a strip of cloth on the back as Khasi women do, — ka^ n. quarter, side, border. [^Irnit. ka id-ka hima.] Ide, (same as ade). Ieng, V. to stand, to rise up. [^lihit. ieng-iaid.] leh, ■\ lehnoh, > 0. to leave off, to abandon, to let alone ; — ieh-noh-sansJiInoh, ) ing, to divorce (by exchanging five cowries). leh seh, phr. keep off please ; let me alone please, leit, V. to love. [/mit. ieit-thoin.] Same as iej. lew, k^'i n. a market. [Imit. ka ievv-ka hat.] lewdah, ka. n. the Shillong Bara-^azar. lew-luri-lura, ka^ n. the market of the beasts in Kliasi folklore, lew-lyngstieh, ka^ n. the biggest hat in the Nongkhlaw State formerly held at night, the day before the Shillong Bara -Bazar. lew-Mawkhar, ka, n. the Mawkhar Bazar. lew-Mawlong, ka, n. the Municipal market at Laban ; the name of a Khasi week-day. lew-Musiang, ka, n. the Jowai Sat. lew-Shillong, ka, n. the Laitlyngkot Sat. ]ing (j/ii^y), ka, n. a house, [/mi/, ka ing ka sem.] * Hindi. i

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91 IING-BRIEW IH ling-briew, ling-ki-briew, {leit-) n. marriage, (as, " u kbiin jong nga um pat leit iing-briew.'") Ing, V. to be burnt, to catcb tire. 'ing {abbrev. of " sb'ing"), ka, n. a bone. 'ing {abbrev. of " sying "), u, n. ginger. I- ngap, V. to appear fascinating or attractive. [Imit. i-ngap-ibang.] 'ing-bah, u, n. a species of ginger. ling-basa, ka^ n. a temporary lodging, an inn. \_lmit. iing-basaiing basuin.] fling-kashari, ka, n. Cutchery ; coiirt-house. Ingkhong, v. to be burnt to cinders ; to be exasperated. [/?fiit. ingkhong-ingkbait.] *fing-kirja, ka, n. a chapel; a church. ling-dara, ka, ft. a temporary shed ; a tent. Ing-ding, v. to get burnt with fire. 'iug-dong, ka, n. the back. [Imit. ka 'ingdoug ka 'ingnap.] I-ngiew, V. to appear dreadful, to appear uncanny. ling-jain, ka, n. a tent. ling -mane, ka, n. a temple ; a chapel, a church. 'ing-makhir, u, n, a species of small ginger having a more pungent taste than u ^ ingbah. f ling-paki, ka, n. a house with stone-walls and ceiling of concrete cement. \_Imit. ling-paki-iingdulan.] liug-sad, ka, n. the house where a Siem performs family and IState sacrifices. [Imii. ling-sad-iingsunon.] ling-sawdong, ka, n. (lit.) a house having four walls ; a house not built after the old pattern of a Khasi-house, but after the English fashion. ling-seng, ka, n. the house where all the members of a family or a clan perform their sacrifices or transact their business (invariably the house of the youngest sister or niece). Ing-thap, V. to be slightly scorched by a flame, to singe. ling-trep, ka, n. a temporary hut or shed. 'ing-tyrkhong, w, n. dried ginger ; an old grudge. [Imit. 'ingtyrkhong-ing-tyr-khap.] Ih, a. ripe, well cooked. * Hindi. I t Bengali.

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02 i-HiH ion I-hih, {coloq.) ado. no. Ih-rod, a. not properly ripe. *Ijar, V. to report to the authority esp. to the police station, — ka, n. ejahar. I- jew, V. to appear hopeless, to be disgusted. *Ijot, ka, n. reputation, honour. *Ijra, ka, n. a long term lease. *Ilaka, ka, n. district or /la/sa. [ImiL ka ilaka-ka singmana.] *Ilashi, u, n. cardamon. I-lub, a. attractive, fascinating. Im, i^. to live ; to be alive ; to be safe; unripe, green, not wellcooked. I'm, phr. he or she does not ; (I+ym). *Imdn, ka, n. regard, honour. I-mat, V. to seem, to appear; to be visible. {Imit. imat-imut.] Im im-peit peit, ad. when quite conscious, in broad day light, (as, " u sha pyniap ia ka blang im im-peit peit mjnsngi bah iia pdenglynti.") Im-jingmut, v. to set one's heart upon, to be alive of. Im'nong, -v. to get adequate wages. \Imit. im-nong-im-ni.] Iin-sngi, V. to have adequate daily wages ; to cogitate. I'n, phr. he or she will ; (I+yn). Ine, fron. this (diminutive). Ino, pron. which ? (diminutive). Ino-ino, pron. whoever, whichever. long {yong)j a. black. long-ngit, a, pitch dark (as night). [Imit. iong-ngit-iongng^in.] long-rein, a. dusk, (evening). longsynia, a. as black as night. longtili, a. as black as a Negro. long-umreit, a. beautifully dark (of complexion). loh. -y. to get, to gain, to obtain, to have, receive. [^L?at. iohkot] ; conj. — lest, per chance. * Hindi.

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93 lOHKDONG ISAT lohkdong, | ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ opportunity. [Mit. ioh-dong-ioh-lad.] loh-diang, -y. to receive. [Tmit. ioli-diang-ioh-bat.J loh-ei, V. to get gratis, to get for nothing ; to get by picking np from some place, loli-i, V. to see, to get sight of. loh-mon, v. to get to do one's own will. loh-nong, v. to get profit, to gain ; to obtain a reward, [fmif. iohnong-iohni.] loh-sa, V. to have an alternative ; [as, " Nga leit pan ka bainong sngi na u Saheb A. B., hynrei u ong ba u'n ai tang 3 ana, namar b'ym ioh-sa (=could not be helped) nga shu shimkein.] lohsngew, I ^^ ^ j^ j^^l lohsngow, j lohthiah, v. to be asleep. [Imit. iohthiah-iohdem.] lop-iop, i, n. pendant, especially attached to an earing, — ad. hanging like a pendant. lor, ka, n. snow. (Pronounced yor). lor-ior, (iaid-), v. with slow and weak steps (walk) ; [as, ** balei phi iad ior-ior knm uba pang"?] I-per, a. appearing light-minded or shallow minded. Ipher, V. to appear awkwardly ; appear suspicious ; appear strange or dilferent from the ordinary way. \_Imit. ipher-iphar.] I-phuh, V. to appear cheerful. [Imit. iphuh-iphieng.] Ipoh, a. appearing low or servile. Iphieng, a. awe-iaspiring ; grand-looking ; showy. [Imit. iphieng iphuh.] Ir, ad. up (stir, ablaze.) I-raitong, a. appearing poor and ragged. Irat, ad. and so on ; onward ;[as, "mynta kumne u'n sa nang koit irat."] I-rngai, v. to see something as in a dream or delusion ; to hallucinate. Irian g, a. passionate, irritable. Irmat, n. pi. eye-lids. Ir-shi-ir, ad. incessantly, continually ; [as, " mynta ki Eus bad ki Jap ki ialeh ir-shi-ir \'\ I sat, V. to appear disgusting, to be irritating. [Imit, isat-ijew.]

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94 ISAIT-MEr I-WIT Isait-met, a. appearing loathsome. *Isbcid, u, n. steel. I-shongsMn, a. having a sinister appearance. I-shongkun, a. having a grave appearance. Isih, V. to abhor, to dislike. Isndi, a. tiresome, wearisome. Isna-iap, kaba, n. wraith. Isyn-ei, v. to have pity or mercy on. I-syrngiew, a. frightful, awe-inspiring. It (yit), "v. to examine, to search carefully. — ka, n. a lookingglass, a glass. tit, w, n. a brick. — ka, n. a quarter, a kingdom, border land. Ita, mon. that (diminutive form of uta or kata.) Ithawnang, a. comical, funny. I-thuh, V. to know, to make out, to recognise, \_lmit. ithuhithaw.] I-triem, a. dreadful. luh, v. to tread upon, to trample. luh-top, 'V. to be tyrannical or despotic. Iim-iun-ian-i{ln, a. weak, (as, " Ti^2i. ^iiqq-w iun-iun-idn-idn ba'm put koit bha.") lup, «^. completely down, (as, "ka jainkup ka la khlup bha Iw {eew), V. to have a smell, to smell. — u, n. a person who imitates whatever another does, (as, " u leh kum u iw.'') Iw {yew), inter, fie. Iw-bih, V. to have a pleasant small. — a. sweet smell ; aromatic. {Imit. iwbih-iwthiang.] Iwkhono*, V. to have an unpleasant smell. [Imit. iwkhong-iwkhap.] Iwkyrteng, v. to have the smell of a thing bearing that name; (as, " kata ka doh kaba iwkyrteng du.") Iwei, ^ro7z. one. I-wit, a. appearing obstructive ; to be on another's way. \Imit, iwit-iwa.J * Hindi. 1 t Bengali.

95 IW-LNGAW JAKNEP Iw-lngiiw, V. to have the smell of a long unoccupied- house. Iwli, a. to have the smell of fresh fish. [Imit. iwli-i'whoit.] Iwpdu, V. to have the smell of a putrid fish. Iw-riem, v. to have a very slight bad smell. Iw-sieng, v. to have a pungent snuffy smell. \^lmit. iwsiengiwsat.] Iw-sit, V. to have a smell of urine. Iw-sma, V. to have a slight rotten smell. Iwsyndot myrsiang, see syndot myrsiang. Iw-tung, V. to have a stinking smell ; to have a putrid smell. [Imit. iwtung-iwsat.] J. J, the tenth letter in the Xhasi alphabet. Ja, ka, n. boiled rice, — [/mit. ka ja-ka jhur) ; — Int. ah, oh. Jab^in, a. dirty, especially about the mouth. Jabar, w, n. a wild herb. Jabieng, ka, n. the brain. Jablei, ka, n. cooked rice or pullao consisting of rice and flesh of fowls sacrificed to a spirit called u blei Synteng — it is cooked and eaten outside the village in the open air. Jablo, a. dumb -like. Jaboh, a. dirty, clumsy. Jabuit, u, n. a kind of herb (of a sour taste). *Jaka, ka, 71. place, room. [Imit. ka jaka-ka puta.] Jaka-jaka, ac^. here and there, in patches, (as, " ki dieng ki shu long jaka-jaka ha ki lum Khasi"). Jakhait-rap, u, 71. a creeping plant whose leaves — of a sour taste, are used for curry. Jakhi, u, n. a vegetable used in feeding swine. Jakhir, ka, n. rice boiled in sweetened milk. Jakhlia, a. dirty, nasty. [Imit. jakhlia-jakhlait.] *Jakhom, v. to be in trouble ; wounded. Jakhyllie, ka, n. rice mixed with yeast for extracting liquor but not yet properly fermented, it is generally kept in a basket for one night (see also jasapung). Jaknep, a. sluttish. * Hindi.

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96 JAKOID JAINKHYRWANG Jak6id, n. a frog. Jakpoh, ka, n. food jnst enough to sustain one's life ; a morsel. Jakpu, ka, n. a lump of cooked rice, sometimes rolled up like a ball usually given to children. Jakrik, ad. in a very careless manner, in ebullition ; [as, "a-iu phi saitthma jakrak ?"] ; like a babbler. Jakter, ad. like a drunkard who talks with much saliva dribbling frcm his mouth ; [as, " u briew uba kren bu-aidy«i^^r."] Jaktung, ka, n. cooked rice or cooked potato mixed with a certain sort of preserved small fish and used as curry or chutni. Jakyntien, ka, n. a morsel. Jada, u, 11. a vegetable. *Jadu, ka, n. charm, enchantment. Jangjang, ad. soon, quickly; [as, " khie leit hynrei iawan/^w^* jang:'\ Jangew, u, n. a wild herb — of a bitterish taste, much used as a vegetable. [Imit. jangew- jathang.] Jah, V. to loose, to be deprived of. 'jah, ahhrev. oi pj ah =^ cold, or of kynjah^omely. Jahar, «-^. muddily ; [as, "ha ka por slap, ka lynti ka ktieh /aJiar."^ Jahare ! Int. (an exclamation of pity at the loss of a thing or at the change of circumstances) = ah, what a pity I ^ Jahkwah, tj. to be satisfied. Jah-lngaid, v. to disappear without any knowledge. Jahthait, v. to find rest ; to recover from fatigue. [Imit, jahthaitjahjrem.] Jai, ad. slowly, calmly ; carefully; [as, "ka um ha ri Dkhar ka tuid suki jai "; " Dung ia u khaw ha ba'n da ni j'ai.^'] Jaiaw, u, n. a shrub; {Bot.) Artemisia vulgaris. *Jaid, ha, u. clan, caste, kind. \_Imit. kajaid-ka kynja ; ka jaidka sker.] Jaid /^^;j } conj. since, seeing that. Jaiil, ka, n. cloth, clothes, [^mit. ka jain-ka nep.] Jaiukh6r, ka, n. silk clothes used on festive occasions only, \_lmit. jaifikhor-jainkhriam.] Jiiiiikhyrwang, ka^ n. an eri cloth with alternate white and red stripes. * Hiudi.

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99 JAINKUP JALBAIN Jtiiiikup, ka^ n. a wrapper, a cloak ; chadder. Jdinkup-jainsem, ka, n. garment, clothes (iu general). Jjiifikyrshah, ka^ n. an apron. Jain-iarong, ka, n. a net-work cloth. Jain-jain, ad. in pieces, pierced into many holes, [as, '* ka masi ka la clait ia ka jfiin ha ban da Yko jaifijainy'\ Jianjri, ka, n. a waterproof -sheet or cloak. Jaiii-mor-mor, ka, n. a thin cotton cloth. §Jain muka, ka, n. amuga or Assam silk. Jain-pun, ") ka, n. a fold in the outer garment of Xhasi women for Jing-pun, > putting in odds and ends. Jym-pun, ) Jdin-ryndia, ka, n. the e^H cloth. Jainsala, ka, n. a cotton cloth. Jainsaipdd, ka, n. a finer muga cloth. Jaifisai-hon, ka, n. a cloth made of sunhemp thread or jute. Jaiusem, ka, n. an outer garment of Khasi women worn loosely across the shoulders. Jaiu-slieng, ka, n, a strip of cloth worn by men round the waist. {Hind.) lengtiti. J^in-sop, ka, n. a swaddling cloth. \_Imit. j4in-sop-jainspaia.J Jdiiispong, ka, n. a turban; a pagri. Jaipdeh, a. lazy, slothful. \_Imit. jaipdeh-jaisngi,] Jaitiih, a. lazy, indolent. {^Imit. jaituh-jaisngi.] Jaiur, u, n. a kind of very pungent fruit resembling black pepper Jajah. ka, n. cold rice. \_Imit. jajah-jathngan.] Jajer, u, n. a wild vegetable. Jajew, i(', n. a certain plant of a sourish taste. [Imit. jajewjajap.] Jalani, a. fastidious, over-nice, particular, dandyish. Jalatyrsim, ka, n. a kind of Bon-riha plant. Jalia-jaMit, ad poorly, wretchedly, [as, " kiba pli ki shu ia bdm jalia-jaldit katbaioh".] J[ali-ja-um, a. kind, gentle, pleasant. Jalbdin, ad. with a dirty or shabby appearance, [as, " balei ba jalbdin ka khmat kumne?"J ^ Assamese.

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98 JALKUP JAN-PRAN Jalkup ti, n, a bird so called from its cry of koop-koop-koop. Jaly-eit, n. a small-song bird of a green colour. Jalyngkhan, tt^ n. a wild vegetable. Jalyngkhiang, ^a, n. a glandular swelling. Jalmut, «, '/?. the flower, having a red colour, of a certain tree used in making curry and having a large tuberculous root. Jalynniar; ti, n. a wild vegetable of a bitterish taste. Jalynnoh, u, n. a plant whose leaves are used in making curry. Jalynshir, u, n. a wild vegetable of a bitterish taste. Jalyoin (pyllon-), ad. round (said of small things), [as, " ka snepkor kaba pyllon jalyoirV] Jalyiiin (pyllun), ad. round (said of big things, [as, " kaba pyllun jaly-uih kum ka shalyntem"]. Jam, V. to make a noise ; {Imit. jam-kieh.] — ad. exceedinglyj for the most part ; [as, ki la shoh j«m ia u ; ki la Wilohjam eh u shy lap ha ka sorki.] Jam, V. to step, to stride. *Jamabandi, ka, n. rent roll of cultivators. Jamdw, M, n. a sour wild vegetable generally growing on stones. Jamdor, ha, n. a short sword. Jami-iang, w, n. a plant that bears a violet. *Jamin, ka, n. security, bail. • *Jamindari, ka, n. an estate. Jamithiat, u, n. a kind of sedge bearing white flowers growing on marshes. Jamynrei, m, n. a shrub much used in making tikia and as a tie. Jamynsleh, u, oi. the root of a certain mucilaginous plant much used in washing the head, and also as an internal medicine for retention of urine. Jan, a. near. Jandi, ad. perfectly, completely ; without fail. [Imit, jandijaton.] Janor, ka, n. the brain. *J{ln-pran, ad. very affectionately or dearly, [as, "U Don bad TJ Mut ki isiieit J dn-pr an. "^ » Hndi

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99 JAPHA JATBE Japha, ka^ n. a cooked rice-ball placed over the stones where the bones of the dead are deposited, as a meal for the departed spirit. Japhrut-japhret, ttc?. in a careless or slip-shod way, [as, "ushu leh japhrut japhret tang ban dep."] Japi, kcif n. a basket in the shape of a round trunk where precious articles are generally kept ; a casket. Japieh, A-a, w. a frog of a greenish brown colour found iu hill streams. Japlem, a. tasteless (curry). * Japri, ha^ n. a net-work of bamboo placed on the ridges of a roof to prevent the thatch from being blown off by the wind ; a jaffree. J^r, ka, n. a net ; — pron. whoever. Jar, «c?. altogether, entirely, (as, sngap y^r=be silent). \_ImU. 3^r jar-jir jir.] Jarang, ka^ n. a hole or chink where fish make their dwelling. Jarain, Ut n. a vegetable of a sour taste. Jarawain, ad. having the appearance of a fine tall man whose dress suits his stature ; [as, " u briew uba jrong jarcctoaiiV] *Jari, V. to enforce ; to execute ; to serve a legal process. * Jarimana, ka, n. a fine. Jarut, kay n. boiled rice for mixing with yeast to make liquor. Jarynlud, w, n. a wild vegetable. Jasapung, same as "jakhyllie." Jasat, Ui n. a plant of a pungent taste which generally grows on wet places. Jasngi, ka, n. mid-day meal ; tiffin. Jashulia, ka, n. rice cooked in steam or hot vapom\ Jasieh, w, w. a kind of water-weed. Jasong, ka, n. boiled rice packed up in a leaf and eaten by travel* lers on the way. [^Imit. jasong-jatap.] *jat, ktty n. {abhrev. of kjat^, foot. Jata, II, n. one of the gods of the Syntengs who is also worshipped by many of the Khasis. Jatbe, ad. with some dirty stuff sticking on the lips, [as, " u briew uba jatbe ka shyntur."] ' II. •» •Hindi.

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100 Mat-kmie jer-jer 'jat-kmie, ka, n. the big toe. 'jat-diih, ka, n. the little toe. Jathang, u, n. a wild vegetable of a bitterish taste. Jathi, Uy n. a kind of lance. Jating, u, n. a vegetable. Jatira, u, n. a wild aromatic vegetable growing in marshy placed and used as medicine for bowel complaints. Jatmut-jatrnat, «jcZ. shabbily, [as/' ki briev kihn, j at mut-j at mat ka khmat."] Jc4w, V. to drop, to leak. Jawa, ka, n. the refused rice after brewing. JawkhWit, ad. bathed in tears (as, VAxn. j dwkhlait) . Jaw-dtid, V. to slaver, to drivel. J^w-jaw, ad. in wet clothes, (as, *' balei phi iaid jaw-jaw ha u slap ?") Jawlia, a^ very young or tender (as a baby). Jawliaw, ad. in a low spirited or downcast mood, [as, " ii leh jawliawhsi u sugewrem "] ; (fire) which does not barn well. Jaw-um-mat. v. to shed tears. \_Innt. jdw-um-mat-jaw-um-ni'it.] Jawac-jawet, ad. perfanctorily, carelessly, [as, '^utveijawut-faioet tang ba'n dep."] Jkap, ad. snappishly, [as, " u ksew udait /kap na ka khohwah."] Jkar, ad. quiveringly, [as, " u sum /kcir ia ka kait."] Jkeng, ad. tall and big, (as, *'u briow uba jvongjkeiig).'^ Jking, ad. tall and slender, (as, " u briew uba vitjkmg"). Jkup, ad. all at once (to gobble up), [as, " ka dohkha ka bam /kup iausoh"]. Jeng, ad. hi^h up (to raise the foot), [as, " u Sikh u kam j'eng ia ka kp6r."] Jei, V. to lay eggs as fish ; to be plentiful. Jei-jei, ad. soft and coming off easily, (as, " kane ka dohkha kaba la pyuty^j-y^^.") Jem, a. soft, easy. [Imit. jem-tiiid.J • Jem-nud, a. gentle, soft hearted, [/mit. jemnud-jemhin.] Jem-rngiew, v. to be deprived of the essential of personality ; unfortunate. J^r, V. to name, to christen. Jer-jer, ad, like a jelly.

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101 JEW jI.El Jew, a. sour, grievous. [^Imit. jew-sat.] Jngang, ad, very much, (as, " u la oug rem eh jngang''), Jngdi, a. far. [Imit. ba jngai-ba rwang.] Jngaiil-jngain, ad. very (deep water). Jngap, ad. (sweet) like honey. Jngem, a. discolouring of the skin ; black and blue. Jngi, V. to swim. Jngoh, V. to look at, to peep in. Jngum-jngum, a. violet-like. Jngut, a. muddy, dirty, obscure. Jhab-waifc, (shi-), a. sixteen (children.) ; quiverful. *Jhad, ka, /?. steamer, ship. Jhang-jhang, ad. very (loud or clear), [as, " nga ioh sngew ia ka ktien ba ka ipyrta jhang Jliang."] Jham, a. gluttonous. Jhan, V. to be in difficulty, to be in haste. *Jhare, v. to cure diseases by mantras. *Jharon, ka, n. a duster, ajharan. Jhep, ka, n. the after-birth, placenta. Jhieh, a. wet. Jhop, I ad. completely, (as, " wieh ha ba'n da jhieh Jhor ia ka Jhor, ) jain"). "'^Jhula, ka, n. a bag, knapsack. Jhum, ka, n. vapour ; — v. to evaporate. Jhup-jhap, ad. simultaneously, [as, "bha ba'n ia b^m langjhupjJiccp ha kawei ka por."] Jhur, u, n. hei'b, vegetable. [/n>if. jhur-u jhep.] Jia, V. to happen ; come up. Jiap-jiap, a. very young, [as, " i syiar iba dang Inngjiaj^-fiaj).'^] Jiar, V. to drain oQ, to filter. Jik jik-jak jak (kynjah-), ad. very (lonely or dismal.) Jiedj V. to choose, to select. Jied-shiah, v. to be overparticular or strict. Ji-ei, tt, n. a good rough rider — (Jiei was a man who was notorious for catching stray ponies and riding on them) . * Ilindi,

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102 JING JINGTAH Jing=preiixof an Abstract Noun ; — a. supreme {colloq.), beyond comprehension, (as, " ka jingsniew jong u kaba ls> jiny"). Jingat phyllung, ka, n. a wave. Jingblei, a. divine. Jingbriew, a. hamaU; proceeding out of man. Jingbib-u lasam, u, n. an evil-spirit who causes disease of the mouth and teeth. Jingbuh-jingsat, ka, n. f urnitm^e. Jingkha-ar-sien, ka, n. regeneration. Jingkhang, ka, n. a door, prohibition. Jingkhang-iit, ka, n. a glazed window. Jingkhein, ka, n. arithmetic ; reckoning, estimation. [Imif. jingkhein-jingdiah.] jing la, > T ^^ ^ bathinff or short trousers. *Ji-ngia, ) ' ° Jingkit, ^a, n. a load. [Imit. jingkit-jingbah.] Jingngan, d. to feel uneasiness or diflS.culty to pass food into the stomach. Jing-ngeit-biej, ka, n. superstition. Jing hiar thma, ka, w.. expedition. Jing-iapait, ka, n. division (of people) ; split. [Imit. Jingiapaitjingiapiet.] Jingiatip-lem, ka, n. conscience. Jing-it, kat n. a strip of cloth for fastening a baby to the back, — adv. fasting ; without food. Jingjia, ka, n. occurrence. Jinglait-luid, ka, n. freedom ; liberty. Jingmihpat, ka^ n. resurrection. Jingpynbna, ka, n. a notice ; proclamation. Jingpynbtid, ka, n. a sequel ; a supplement. Jingpyrsat-mynsiem, ka, n. inspiration {lit, exhalation.) Jingri, n. cattle ; domestic animals. \_ImU. jingri-jingdiip.] Jingriam, ka, n. a dress. \Imit. jingriam-jingbeit.] ; snare. \lmit. jingriam- jingpah.] Jingtah, ka, n. ointment ; a medicine for rubbing or smearing on the skin ; curry. [^Imlt. jingtah-jingber.] ^'— ■ ■ — ■ ' ■ — "■ — * Hindi. •

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103 JILL A JIW-JIW-JAW-JAW *Jilla, ka^ n. zillah, district. *Jilla-kliarit, v. to banish from the country. Jillang, ti, n. a kind of Khasi white onion ; the shallot. {Bot.) Allium tuberosum. Jillei, a. too abundant. Jin, ka, n. saddle, — ad. to powder ; [as, " tylliat ha b:i'n da Iwet ^ jin.'^] ; even to, up to ; [as, " ngatharai ba u'n ioh tangkaweiar hynrei u iohyi;^ 3 hali"; '^y'w haduh mynta-mynne nga'm tip shuh u poi shano."] ; — u. n. a kind of fairy. Jindat, ad. at the same time; also ; [as, " ka um ka la lam. jindat ia ka khoh ba nga iehnoh hariid wah."] Jindei, ad. too ; too much ; too often ; [as, "yndaiai kvenjindei u kylla ehnoh."] Jingdeng, ) ka, n. jewel, ornament. \_Imit. jingdeng-jingkup.] Jindeng, ) Same d^^jyndeng. Jindem, ka^ n. the refuse of brewery. Same asjyndeift. Jindiang, ka, n. receptacle. Jindong, a, shallow, short. Jinduh, ad. once for all, (as, " u saheb u vajinduh la ka kot ha u.") [Imit. jinduh-jintan.] Jinhaw, ka. n. gas ; vapour, — v. to breathe on. *Jinis, hi^ n. yl. articles. Jinjdr, ka^ n. trouble. \Imit. jinjar-jintrah.] Same ^^jynjdr. Jinjar-trah, a. cumbersome ; annoying. Jiniat, ka^ n. a feast, {esp, of pork and rice). Jinriam, ka, n. a trap ; a snare. Same as jingriam. Jinrein, ka, n. vermin on the human body. Jintang, u. n. the stalk. Same ^^jyntang. Jintah, ka^ n. curry. \Imit. jintah-jinber.] Jinthut, V. to stumble. *Jira, w, n. a cumin seed. Jir-eh, v. to feel nausea, to eructate. Same as jyr^eh. Jirthiaw, «7wto twist. Jirwit-jirwat, ad. in a round about way, not satisfactorily. Jiw, ad. in the habit of, used to ; same as *' ju". Jiw-jiw-jaw-jaw, a. drizling, wet. — ^-^—^^ 

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104 JIWNOM JOR *Jiwnom, ad. eternally, forever ; same as " junom." Jiwtang or jutang, ka, n. covenant ; arguments. \_Imit. ka nia-ka jutang."] Jiang, «c?. for a long time ; greatly, deeply, [as," ula leit jah jlang sha Dkhar;" "sngew kynjah y/6^^/^<7 ;" "sngewkyllut /kmg:'] Jlah, a. too sweet or bitter. Jl^n, a. long ; lengthy : wide. Jlaw, V. to howl. Same asjlew. Jlaw-nguid, a. greedy, gluttonous. [Imif. jlawnguid-jlawhew.] Jlek, ad. up, at once (to gobble), [as, *' u bsein u la nguid j'lek la ka jak6id."] Jlen, ad. big and tall, gigantic ; [as, " ki ong ba ki Kossack ki long ki briw kiba JYong jlen."] Jlep, a. like the taste or smell of rotten fish ; — ad. too much. Jlep-dohnud, v. to feel bad, to faint. Jler, a. slanderous, vilifying, cavilling. Jli, V. to be sick of ; to be squeamish ; to feel nausea. Jliang, ad. far, deep, (as, " u briew u ngam jliang hapoh thwei ; nga tharai ba ngi la laid jngai j/iang.") Jliah, V. to lick, to eat up. Jlih, a. even, smooth. Jlin, ad. nicely, comely ; [as, " ki da sad ki da khyllong bha jlin.Y' Jlop, 7^. to wither, to fall off (flower). Jltid (sawa-), ad. in a long continued tone ; [as, " wei liaba la jlaw jhid u ksew, kata yn sa iap briew."] Jmong, ad. out, (as, '' u mihjmong ha sla-um.") Jnang, v. to be choked (with a bone.) Jong, (sign of the Possessive casej of, pertaining to. Joit, ad. at once, up, (used with ieng.) Jom, u. n. the king of Hades. Jonti, ka, n. a net to catch vultures, etc. Jop, V. to conquer ; — ad. in drops, (as, " ka um ka jmw joJ>-s hiJ op). J6r, ka, n. the essence or element, semen. * Hindi.

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105 JOT JUM-JUM Jot, a^ destroyed, ruined. \Imit. ba jot-ba pei.] Jr^ng, a. lean (like a man who has just recovered from a severe illuess). Jrai-thied, v. to suffer from a sprain. Jrain-jrain, ad. with a crashing sound, like the sound made by volley firing ; [as, " u shu noh jrain-jrain shapoh," " ki la siat jrain-jram da ki sulci."] Jran-um, v. to become dried. Jreng, ad. nicely (dressed up). Same as " Jriang." Jrein, v. to fall in drops, to ooze, to drain. Jri, ka, n. India rubber, caoutchouc. Jriang, ad. nicely, handsomely ; [as, " u riam hhs, jriang ialade".] Jri-sim, ka, n. a Banian tree. Jrong, a, long, tall, high. Jrup, ad. A dip cf. wieh /rup to immerse by a dip. Jrup-jrap, ad. at the same time (eat) ; [as, " ki ia bam jrup jrap."] Ju, ad. same as " jiw." f Juar-bata, ka, n. a tide. *Jubab, ka, n. a reply, an answer. Juban, ka, n. word, speech, word of honour. *Jubor, ad. by force. fJuk, u. n. a kind of leech, — ka. n. an era, age, generation. Jukali, n. a common labourer (rare) ; a coolie who works in mortan. Juklia (leh-), ad. evasively, shufflingly ; [as, '* u leh fuklia ba'n slew ia ka bainong ki briw."] Jung, V. to urinate. Juhai, w. ?2. a kind of sweet-scented rice. Juh, V. to like, to get tamed ; to feel quite at home. Julai, V. to plaster roughly with lime and sand. *Julap, ka, n. a purgative medicine ; jalap. Julor, n. waste, loss. *Julum, ad. inconsiderately, oppressively ; zulum ; [as, leh jw/wm, kren julum.\ Jumai, u. n. earthquake. Jum-jum, ad. full of juice ; [as, " u sohkynphor uba ih u thiang jum jum."] ^ Hindi, t Bengali,

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106 JUNOM JYMPA Junom, ■) Junom-junom, > ad, for ever. Junom-la-juiioiD, j *Jur, a. serious, strong,— ka, n. a descent (down lull). *Jurib, V. to survey. Jut (suh), n. false-pains. *Juti, ka, n. shoe. *Juwari, ka, n. a gambling ; a gambler. Jwai, ?'. to pinch. Jwar, ka^ n. a birth-mark ; a horizontal piece of wood attaxjhed to the plough. Jwat, a. tough. Jykang, a. having long and thin legs ; (same hs,jkdng). Jykeng, a. having loug and big legs; (same dbsjkeng). Jyngut, a. muddy, dirty, obscure; (same asjugiit). Jyllad, ad. forcibly ; along with ; carelessly ; — u, n. a hangman ; [as, " ka long kaba khlem akor ba'n kam jylldd ia ki briew."] Jyllai (suh), n. neuralgia of the stomach. Jylleng, ka, n. the abdomen, — «. preponderating too much on one side of the balance — (thread of a paper-kite). Jyllei, V. to be abundant, to be overfull (see " jillei "). Jylli, ka, n. a circle, a circumference. Jylliam, I?, to wipe out the mouth v/ith the tongue, just as dogs, do after having eaten anything. [^Imit. jylliam-jylloit.] Jylliaw, V. to fondle, to caress. Jylliep, ad. with drooping eye-lids ; shy-looking (as, peit jylliep ; leh jylliep) . Jylliep khap-ngain, ad. with the eyes cast down ; [as, " ka shad bad ka peit jylliep-khapngain kum ka dkoh."] Jyllop, u. n. a kind of bird who cheers the valley vrith his song; — Jyllop V. to wither \-~ad. by drowning. Jyllud, V. to wax thread. Jyllun, ad. gracefully, handsomely (said of persons.) [as, ka briew kaba bha briew jyllun.] [Imit. jylMn lymphlTiifi.] Jymbuifi, ka^ n. breast, paps. '^Jymma, v. to add, to collect, — n. the sum ; total Same as jumma. Jymmang, w, n. the month of May. Jympa, v. to swim. * Hiudi.

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107 JYMPAN JYRWIT-JYRWAT Jympan, ka^ n. a girdle. Jymphan, u, n. a household deity {see u phan-u-kyrpad). Jymphong, ka, n. a sleeveless coat. Jyiiipien, ka^ n. an under garment worn about the loins by women. jjympor, ii, n. a jumper or lever. Jy ndam, r^fZ. once for all, finally ; [as, " u la kren iynclam ba phi'n ym buhniid."] Jyndat, ad. while going past ; [as, " ka masi ka la rong jyndat ia ka jain."] Jyndei, ad. much, too ; [as, " nga la iaishah jyndei eh ia u la' u kren bein "]. Jyndem, ka^ n. fermented rice ready for brewing. (Same as " jindem "). Jyudons:, a. shallow. (Same as jzV?^^??^.) Jynduh, ad, finally, once for all ; fas, "la tangon haduh ba u'n da m^ jyudich.''^ {see ^ho "jinduh"). [Iniit. jynduh-jyntan.] Jynlat, ka, n. a feast {see jinlat). Jynrat, ad. along (as, " kal'er ka Id^mjynrat ia ka jain bathdd.") — V. to uproot. Jynreh, kaha, w. eructation. Jynsur, a, long, reaching down, loose, Jynteh, u, n. a string, bamboo tie. Jyntia, a. to be full of. (Synonymous with, jyllei.) J}rmi, It. n. a creeping-plant, [/jjiit. u jyrmi-u jyrthah.] Jyrhiah, v. the effect produced by water passing into the air passage while

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108 L 'LANGTHOHKHLIEH L. L — The eleventh letter in the Khasi alphabet. La— (1) sign of the Past Tense (as, n la leit noh) ; (2; sign of the Possessive Case, of, (as, u la shem la ka masi) ; (3) though, although, (as, Za' u raikhoh liynrei um tlot) ; {4i) plus ( + ); into ( X ) ; [as, 5 la 6 long 10, i.e., 5 + 5 = 10 ; ka kynroh kaba 5 la b la ]0 pruh, i.e., 5 X 5 X 10 pruh.] 'la, contr. of sla, a leaf, or of khla, a tiger. *ldb, u. n. contr. of khldb, the spleen. 'la-bam-briew, n. a man-eater, Laban, ii. a Khasi name for Shillong. *Lak=100,000. [Imit. ka lak-ka putit.] Laka ad. wholesale (used with die and thiecl) ; huh la ka=iio stake money in gambling. 'lakait, n. the plantain leaf. *Lakam, ii, n. a bridle. 'lakud, M, n, a kind of orchid. Lad, II, n. a way, a means, a road ;— v. tobe overcareful about one's personal toilette ; to rub with the sole of the foot in token of contempt. Lada, conj. if. Ladang, conj. when, — ad. very (early), [as, La dang step-phyrng^p n la khie.] Lade, pron. self. Lang, ad. together, in concert ; [as, " ngi ia khaii-pateng lang bad n"], — v. i. to congeal, to solidify, 'lano", contr. of blang, a goat and of pJilang, grass, 'langbrot, n. a sheep. Langbyrku, ") ^ ^^ ^ .^^^^ ^^^^^ pigeon. Langbyrkaw, ) ' ^ ^ '' 'langkushi, n. a big kind of goat. *lang-lung, m, n. tender or newly-grown grass. 'langniuh, u, n. bearded grass. 'langsah, u. n. grass which has not been set fire to for a long time. 'langsohmoh, it, n. a full-grown he-goat. 'langthohkhlieh, ka, n. a human victim to be offered to " u Thlen." ■ ~~ » Hindi.

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109 LANGTATI 'LALIAR Langtati, ka, n. a plant which bears a white flower like a lily ; {Bot. Liliam gigantlum). Lah, V. can, able, succeed. §Lalia, ka^ n. lac, sealing-wax. Lai, a. three. 'lai {abbrev. of tylldi) u, n. a rope ; (2) {abhrev. of tldi)^' — ka^ n. palm. 'lai ktang, koi^n. a kind of palm. 'lai-nili, ka^ n. Wallicliia ; a species of palm. Laiphew-jaid, plir. all sorts or kinds. Lain, ad. very (red, like the appearance of one who is excited). Lait, y. to be free, escape ; — n. a mistake, \_hmt. ka lait-ka let.] Lait kylla, ka, n. violation of the sacrificial customs by omission or departure from the old usages ; violation of the ceremonial law. Lait-ksnid, v. to be entirely free from any disagreeable connection, as from the 'grip of evil-spirits, {fmtt. lait ksiiid lait khrei). Lait-dar, v. to be free to accomplish one's object, Lait-doh, v. to have a spraiu. Lait-ia, v. to be free from a period fixed for the observance of certain religious or social ceremonies. Lait-im, v. to be saved. Lait-luid, v. to be free or be at large. Lait(na), phr. except, besides. Laitsang, v. to be free from a sang or taboo, — ad. nominally, outwardly; [^as, u la thied ia nga tang i sopti sala tang ba'n laitsang ; tang shi paisa laitsang u'm shym ai.] Lait-sa-i-said, />/?»'. narrowly escaped ; [as, latl-sa-i-sdid ba nga'n ur.] Lait-thaw, 2;. to be free as from an imminent danger,-— i«/)a, n. a hair-breadth escape. La jan, ad. nearly, almost. La Jong, p. one's own. La lah, (aux. v.) had. Lali, a. f^lovenly, sluttish, dirty, 'laliar, ka, v. a tender top leaf used in sacrifices. \_Imit. ka 'laliar ka 'lalong.] § Assamese.

110 LALOT LAPLAH Lalot, a. greedy, gluttonous, selfish. \Im%t. lalot-kangar.] Lam, v. to lead, to briug ; prefix =Z5A (as, /rtwlieh, /rt7«iong). Lama, ka^ n. flag, pennon, banner. 'laman, ;/. the Bengal tiger. Lamdoh, v. to celebrate a marriage ceremony by a feast, {esp. of pork.) \Imit. lamdoh-lamkah.] 'lamet, ka, n. a kind of leaf much used in packing things. Lamher, ad. thoughtlessly, wastefully ; (as, wat leh lamher katba dang ioh.) \^l7nit. lamh^r-lamphut.] Lamjew, «, n, the internal part of the flesh which lines the spine. Lamler, v. to lie. [^Imit. lamler-lambait.] Lamphrang, v. to lead, to preface. Lamwir, a. mad, crazy. [Iviit. lamwir-lamtham.] Lan(iaid-), ad. without any restraint ; [as, ba'n shu iaid Idn kum phi ym i-dei.] Lkn-l^n(khuid-), ad. clearly (swept or trampled over) ; [as, ka jaka ba dem ka dngiem ka khuid lan-lan.^ Lane, conj. or, either. Lauo ? ad. when ? Lano-lano, ad. in future, hereafter ; ever. Lanymwei, ad. hereafter, next year. \_Imit. lanymwei-lanym ar.] Lap, v. to overtake ; — ad. in haste, inconsiderately ; [a^, ''nga la thunir lap eh ia u phan ; wat ju leh lap eh ia kaei kaei."], — lap kaha, n. in cutting a tree a cut which is a little above the first one is called kaba lap. 'lap, {ahbrev. of slap), rain. Lapadong, ka, n. the leaf of a certain plant. Lapa-iat, ka, n. a tree bearing small black fruits, a see-saw. 'lap-bah, u, n. a heavy rain. \_Imit. 'lapbah-'lapsan.] 'lap-bnivip-bniup, ti, n. a drizzle. 'lap-kyrtiah, u, n. rain and storm. Lape, V. to daub, plaster. Lap^r(soh), n, n. the fruit of a certain small dwarf palm. 'lapeh(sei-), ad. with plenty of leaves but without grain or fruit. Laplah, ad. anticipatively, prematurely, [as, " u briew uba leh laplah eh ia kaei kaei u kylla kaba mut kloi."]

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niii LAPLIEXG(YM) LAWEI Laplieng(ym), phr. to be in too great a hurry ; [as, " balei phi leh kum ba'm laplieng shuh."] \Imit. laplieng-lapcUr.] Lapmiet, d. to be overtaken ])y night. \_Irnit. lapmiet-lapiong.J 'lapnaynsaw, u. w, a sun shower. Lar(ka), iu (omen in egsr divination) a piece of the broken shell lying on the right-hand side of the biggest broken central piece called ka "lieng." Larkam, a. useful (used with the negative particle ym^ [as, kane ka ba'm larkam.'] \Iniit. larkam-larjam.] Lar-en, w, n. a fabulous monster ; a thunderbolt. Laryndia, ka, n. castor-oil plant. La^amdoh, u, n. the demon who attacks people by bringing in swoUing of the neck and hoarseness (the patient is given to drink of the blood of the sacrificed cock or pig). Lasawia, ad. four days hence. Lasir, ti, n. a species of grass much used in sacrifices. Lashai, ad. to-morrow. "' Lashai-lashisngi, ad. hereafter ; in future. La^hibit, ad. after a short time, {i.e., after the lapse of some hours.) Lashisngi, n. the day after to-morrow. Lasiit, ad. to-night. (Same as lasyit). |Lat, ka^ n. a feast ; — u, n. Lord, Governor General. *Latai, ka, n. (Hind.) a thread-roller. Lati, a. oily, greasy. Lat-lat, ka, n. a rapid, a current. Latohtih, ka, n. a tree planted along the edge of a garden to serve as a fence. Latom, ka^ n. a top, spinning top, peg-top. 'la-tyrdop, ka, n. (Bot.) cinnamomum candatuni. 'latyrpad, ka, n. a bay leaf. Law, V. to take off, to extract, to undo, 'law, Tea, 11. {ahbrev. of khMw), jungle, 'law-bah, Tea, n. a big jungle, a dense forest. [Imit. Idwbah* lawsan.] 'lawkyntanL^ ka, n. a sacred grove. Laweij ad. hereafter, limit, lawei-lathai or lawei-la-ar.] * Hindi, % English.

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112 LAW.LAW LDING(AT-) Law-law, ad. carelessly, superficial, hasty ; [as, " u B u long u briew uba law- law eh."] Lawlynnong, ka, n. a coppice, bush. Lbaug, ad. with the dhoti r(;llecl up ; [as, " u tieng ba ioh jhieh, kumta u la kyntiw Ihdng ia ka bohkhaila."] Lb6r, «, n. the month of March. Lbing(heh-), ad. fleshy and big ; [as, "u briew uba heh Ibhig,'''] Lbong, ka, n. the thigh. Lboit, ad. short and naked ; [as, " phim khriat haba phi shah lyngkhuit lboit kumne ?"] Lkai, ad. plump, (as, " u sniang uba sngaid Ikai.'') Lker-lker, ad. pulpily, [as, " u khynnah uba sugaid lker-lker.^^'\ Lkhang, ad. lonely, helpless, (as, " ki iap baroh bad u sah sa marwei lkhang.") Lkhai, a. tender, delicate, not tenacious or tough. , , Lkhit, k\ n. small useless or unserviceable pieces ; atoms. \Imit. ki Ikhit-ki lkhai.] Lkhoit, ad. like a small lump. .Lkhuit, ad. resembling a lump ; [as, "u kuli tup ki Tibet u long uba tylli Ikhuii.''] Lkut, ad. like a log ; [as, '' u bysein uba lyngkot Ikut.^'] Lko, a. utterly broken, crumbling. Lko-pom, ad. completely, (as, " ki la ialeh thyma ha ba'n da Ikopom.") Lkur-lkur, ad. dumpling-like ; [as, "une u khynnah uba sngaid Ikur-lkui'."] Ldang, ad. lying on the back and helpless (as, "ka dohkha ka per Idang"). Ldai, "^ Ldet, I ad. dangling ; [as, "ka tuta ka sdien ldai ; ka sim Ldit, J- ka ngat ldet ha ka shangkhawiah ; ki sdien ia Ldoi, I u bol I dot ; ka kylla-badur ka sdien idui ialade," Ldui, etc., J etc.] Ldat, ad. hanging (as a bird) ; [as, " ka la ngat ka sim Idat ha ka shangkawiah."] Ijding(at-), ad. lying with a swollen abdomen j [as, "at kakpoh Iding:']

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113 LDUI LEHSANG Ldui, ad. hanging (said of big things ;— as, " u Iwai u sdien Idtii lia shiteng riat"). I Led, u, n, a lead pencil, 'leng, [abbrev. of pylleng) ka^ n. an e^^. Lengleng, ad. wildly, aimlessly ; [we speak of the flight of an alarmed butterfly and say — " ka h6r leng-leng " ; also of a poisoned fish as, " ka jngi leng-lengr'\ 'lengkha, ka, n. fresh egg. 'lengkpoh, ka, n. an egg placed over the navel of a dead person and which is broken on the funeral pyre, 'leng-iew, ka, n. old egg or that which is sold in the hat ; bazar egg*leng-ra, ka^ n. an Qgg left unhatched by a hen. Leh, :;. to do, to perform, to act. Lehbein, i}. to maltreat, to ill-treat. \_Imit. lehbein-lehkhoh.] Lehkdi, v. to play, to make sport of. Lehkhynraw, v. to play a bachelor or spinster, to dress nicely like a young man or a young woman. [Iniit. lehkhynrawlehkhyndeiil.] Lehdiaw, v. to be dejected or cast down. Leh -eh, v. to handle roughly, to deal hard with. Leh-jalani, v. to be fastidious regarding dress or toilette. Leh-mushlia, v. to meddle with. \^Imit. Leh mushlia — lehmushlait.] Lchmynleh, v. to affect to do ; to feign, to pretend. Lehnoh-ei, a. vain, useless ; [as, " ka long kaba lehnoh-ei ba'n kynjat ia ki speh "] , — v. to waste. Leh-palat, i;. to do more than what is right or proper ; to transgress. [ImiL lehpalat-lehpaliang.] Lehrain, tj. to be ashamed of. [ImiL lehrain-lehsuin.] Lebrit, v. to be unassuming or humble. Lehroh, v. to make a show of, — adj. pretentious, fond. [Imiflehroh-lehmeng. ] Lehrong, v. to make a display or a show of anything, [/mif. lehrong-lehrup.] Lehsa, v. to be in the dumps, to sulk. Lehsaug, 2;. to do or act anything that is immoral, profane or indecent, [ImiL lehsang-lehma.] J English.

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114 LEHSAT LEITKHA-LEITMAN Lehsat, 7^. to do anything by way of vengeance or selfmortification. [^Imit. lehsat-lelijew.] Lehse, ad. probably, j^erliaps. Lehsih, v. to have dirty habits ; to be untidy. Lehsting, v. to make light of the matter, to be unmindful. *Leh-tamsa, v. to make a sliow or to have a tamasha. \_Jmit. lehtamsa-lehtamhoi.] Leh-thamula, v. to make spDrt of ; to cut practical jokes, [/wi/. leh-thamula-leh-thamulein.] Leh-thawlir, ) , - - , -, ,•, • ^^ Leh-thawnang, j ''' *° ^^^^^ ' *°^^ somethmg odd. Lei ? ad. why ? for what reason ? — ka, n. a flour paste. . 'lei, n. iabbrev. of blei), a god. Lei-lei, {phr.), 1. So much (the better) [as, " ba'n da phi lah lei-lei ba'n iaid shi sngi, kata la bit eh"]; 2. at any rate, any how (when preceded by da) [as, " da lei-lei nga'n ym haram ia phi "]; 3. without any cause (when preceded by khlem) [as, " u la dumok ia nga khlem lei-lez."] 'Leikhuri, ka, n. the household god of a certain clan of the Khasis. 'Leikhyrdop-'leikharai, ka, n. the goddess who is supposed to guard over the gate of or entrance into a village in time of war. Leilieh, ka^ n. lightning. *Lei-muluk, ka, n. the goddess who takes care of a village or state. 'Leisad-'leisunon, ka, n. the guardian goddess of a Siem, clan, {esp. in the time of war). Leit, V. to go, to proceed ; to fit. L'eit, ka, n. the bottom, the foot, the buttock. Same as lyeit. Leit-bar, v. to answer a call of nature. Leit-bhih, v. to go and beg. Leit-kai, -v. to go out for a walk, to go on a visit. \Imit. leitkaileitiaid.] Leit-ka-wan, ka, n. journey, travel, {esp. for trading purpose.) Leitkha-leitman, v. to get married (said of a man), * Hindi.

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110 LEITKHYNDEW LEW-LIT Leitkhyndew, v. to go out to answer a call of nature. [Imit. leitkhyndew-leitmynsliem.] Leit-dur, v. to suit, to be fit. [ImiL leitdur-leitdar.] Leit-hapsbop, v. to fall into an unlucky condition, to be unfortunate. Leit-ing-briew, phr. to get married (said of a man). T eit-lamdob, /An to celebrate a marriage ceremony by giving a feast. [I7?iit leitlamdob-leitlamkab.] Leit-lat, v. to enter tbe wind passage (as water when drunk). Leitrud, v. to go out to answer a call of nature. 'lei-umtong, ka, n. tbe goddess who looks after drinking water. Lem, «^. together, along with, (as, leit-lem) ; — v. (in spinning tops) to be out of the circle. Len, V. to deny. *len, u, n. {abb rev. of u thlen), a big snake ; [as, V^w-lum, V^??pula.] Len-len, ad. smooth and bare ; [as, "phi'n snoh phi'n, bat nangno haba khiiid len-len u maw."] 'lenpula ii, n. a big mountain snake ; a python. Lep, ad. furiously ; {as, " u la bitar lep ia u ") ; flaringly. Ler, (1) ad. once, by chance ; [as, "nga iohsngew ba u la pyrshang ler ba'n kem ia u," '* la shu lait-/^V ba'n del na ka khlieh." (2) useless (used with the negative particle ym, as, " kane ka jingpyrshang jong phi ka ba'm /^V "). (3) creepingly (as a serpent does); [as, " u bsein u la pdr ler sha sanium."] L'er, ka^ n. wind, air. Same as lyer^ L'er-kyllang, ka^ n, a cyclone. L'er-kyrtiah, ka, n. a storm mixed with rain. L'er-langthari, ka, n. the whirlwind. L'er-synrai, ka, n. a soft breeze which blows in autumn, let (abbrev. of klet), ad. amiss, (as, "nga la kum kren ^let'^)—Ica^ 71. transgression, wrongs." Lew, ad. intensely; [as, " shit lew^^'\ Lew-lew, ad. while it is hot (of eatables or temper). Lew-lit ! Int. beware 1

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116 lngAw liat Lngaw (iw), a, havinfl^ a peculiar smell, as that of an unoccupied house. Lngen, kaha^ n. a gentle flow of a stream. Lng^r, ad. throughout the whole length (used with shi — ). Lngiar, v. to make delay, to be dilatory. Lngiej, z;. to be greasy. Lhen, ad. stagnantly; [as, "ka um ka lang Ihen.^^] Lhep, ad. very (oppressive or hot) ; [as, "ka shit ihej^.'^] Lhin (hiu-), ad. completely, all over (covered with water) ; [as, ** ka um ka dap hin-lhrn."] Lhieh, a. becoming more severe (applicable to a sore only). Lhiej, u, 11. a grass with sharp blades. Lhon, ad. like the water of cesspools ; [as, " ka um ka lang llionr\ L'hoh, a. emanating bad smell (as from the hody or clothes of a dirty fellow). Lhop, a, without free access of fresh air ; close, stuffy. Li, adv. like the smell of a fish (used with no = smell). *li, (abbrev. of dohthli), u. a small fish, (as, 7*jarang, '/esiaw, 7«por). Liak, ad. at a glance, (as, " nga ioh-i ia ka khmat jong u tang liak "). Liang, ka, n. side, party. 'liang {abbrev. of pliang), ka, n. a plate. 'liangdieng, ka, n. a wooden plate. Liam, ad. towering, exceedingly ; [as, " ka rynfieng jong u ka palat liam ia kiwei baroh."] Lian, ad. used negatively only with 2/«*=:much more; more than ; [as, ** nga tharai ba ym lian 1,000 u briew uba khmih kai."] Lian-khun, a. having children one after another in a short lapse of time. Liap-liap, ad. lappingly ; [as, "ka miaw ka jliah/m/-/m/ ia ka du."] 'liar-kait, ka, n. the topmost plantain leaf. Liar-ngot, a. broken, as a young bamboo; (hence) stunted, short. liiat; V. to fall through.

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117 LIAT-KHUN LIR.LIR Liat-khim, v. to have a miscarriage. Liat-lor, to slip off, to have an abortion. Liaw, ad. for a short time (to look), glancingly; [as, *' u shu peit liaw sha nga bad u dem noh."] Lieb, ad. at a glance (look) ; [as, " nga tang shu peit lieb, nga la ihthuh ia ka jinglong jong u."] Lied, V. to dismantle, unroof. Lieng, he, n, a boat, a ship, a canoe, [//nit. ka lieng-ka phan.] 'lieng, {contr. of khlieng), n. a kite. Liengkynda, ka, n. a boat, a dug-out, a canoe. Liengiapom, ka, n. a man-of-war. 'liengjathang, ka, n. a spotted eagle. Lieh, a. white. Lieh-khleiii, a. white, like porcelain. Liem, v. to lie on the back (said of cowries) ; to be a match for (used with ia). Lien (iaid-), ad. like many people walking ; [as, " u paitbah u la iaid lien sha kyrkit."] 'liew {contr. of thliew), ka^ n. a hole. 'iiewlep, ka, n. a pitfall. 'liewlong, ka, n. a natural pit, abyss. Ling-ling, «^. swiftly, agilely; [as, " khie leit hynrei wat jah ia wan ling-ling ho."] Lih ! {vulgarism) n. friend ! my friend ! [as, '* balei lili me jah?"] *Lilam, ka, n. auction. Lilipenpen, a. having nothing, empty handed. Lin, ad. to the brim, all over, altogether ; [as, '* ka madan baroh ka la dap lin da ka um."] Lin-lin (jlih), ad. very (smooth); [as, " kane ka snieh ka long kaba jiih lin-lin.''] Lip, V. to go out, to be extinguished. 'Ii-p6r, n. a kind of small fish. Lir, u, n. indigo, — v. to meddle. Lir-lir, ad. creepingly (of small things); [as, **i bsein iba rit i pai? lir -lir."]

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118 LIT LONGSHUWA-MANSHUWA Lit, V, to sharpen. L'iur, ka, n. the rainy season. Liw, ad. sulky (to look). [As " u pcit liw ia nga kumha u bitar eh."] Liwliw-lawlaw (thngan-), ad. cravinglv, •ancomfortably ; [as, *'ynda la koit na kaba pang, ju thngan liwliw-lawlaw.^^\ Ljang, "^ Ljeug, I Ljing, [ad. hanging down; [as, " Id sdienia ka doh Ijang.^'] Ljung, J Lmang, ad. with the head cut off ; [as, " balei phi ot pynlyngkot ia la u diengduh lmang ?"] Lmam-lmam, ") ad. full of jBlesh (as, u khunlung u sngaid ImamLmem-lmem, > Imam ") ; fatty. Lmum-lmum, ) Lmeh-lraeh, ad. fresh, lirely ; [as, " ka dur jong u briew uba iap mynsaw ka sliu i Imeli-lmeh hi."] Lmet-lmet, (stem), ad. very (yellow), golden colour; [as, " u briew uba stem bhabriew lmet-lmet.''^ Lmit-lmit, ad. yellowish, (as a person suffering from liver complaint; [as, "ki briew kilja don khlab ki stem lmit-lmit.''' \ Lmoin, -) ^^^ g^^^^.^ ^^, bob-tailed. Lmum, 3 Lok, n. a friend ; husband or wife, [/??zit. u lok-u-jor.] Long, V. is, exist, become, —ti, n. a fox-glovo. L6ng-16ng (khih-), ad. madly, wildly; [as, " u sarong, hynrei ynda mudui ki Ijriew un sa khih long-long' ''} ; aimlessly. Long bneng (khmied), ad. upwards ; [as, " khmih la ka lynti wat' ju khmied longhneng ioh jinthut."] Longbteng, ka, n. an inheritance. Longbynriew, ka, n. humanity. \_Imif. longbynriew — manbynriew.] Longkha, ka, n. the goddess who presides oyer the relationship by marriage. Longkur, ka, ?i. the guardian goddess of a Im?^ (clan). Longra, v. to grow sparsely here and there, — a. consisting o^ small hard lumps of earth. Longrynieng, ka, n. being. Longshuwa-manshuwa, w, n. ancestor ; predecessor.

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119 L'OH LUKIAR L'oh, «, 11. cloud, mist. Same as lyoh. Loi-loi, a. milcl, soft-hearted, innocent. Lo-lo, a. superficial, shallow-minded. L'oiii (pyllon-), ad. nicely or beautifully (round). Same as lyoin, Loit, V. to untie, undo, to take off. Lop, V. to cut off, to knock down (the teeth) ; break off (said of the blade of an axe or cutting instrument). L6r, ka, n. the surface, external part. 'lor (suffix) =prematurely (as, kha^6>r=abortion). Lorni, a. meddlesome, tale-bearing. \_ImU. lorni — lorhap] ; — n. a shrike. Lot, V. to go in a hole (gambling). Lpa, ad. already, beforehand. Lpan, ad. stoutly (body) (as, u loit lyngkhuit Ipmi). Lpen,' ad. like a serpent wliile Iving, (as, " u bseiu u dem Ipen halynti"). Lph6ng, ad^ like a small straight post or tree. Lphung, ad. like a big straight post or column; (as, " ka dienglieng ka long ka dieng kaba belt lphung "). Lping, ad. indolently, lazily (a?, " u sniang uba la heh eh u shu thiah lping'"). L'sheng, ") ad. like the appearance of anything long when hun?* Lshung ) [as, " nga ioh-i ba ki wah Isheng ia ka Ibong masi."]* Lshuin, «. oval. Ltar, "^ ad. at full length [as, " ka long kaba khlem akor ba'n Lter, \ jyrtieng Iter ia ki kjat "]. Ltir, ) Ltoin, "J (ji'ong-), ad. loni and 'round at both ends [as, *' bun Ltiiin, > phi'n shem ki maw kiba jrong ltoin ha rud-wah "1. Ltain, ) Luab-luab (jem.), ad. flexibly (bent), (as, '* ka kti ka kjat jono' u ka jem luah-luah "). Luar, li, n. small bamboo string or tie. Luar-ding, ka, n. a furnace. Same ^%.laway ding. Liib, a. moderately big, good sized; z-//^/('= attractive. JLukiar (ki), n. the 44th Gurkha Jlegiment (once the Sylhet Light Infantry). J Englieli (a corruption of tlie plxrase "look here !").

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120 LUKSAN LYAm Luksan, v. to suffer loss. Luk-u-lak, Uf n. common people. Lud, a. young. Lueng, ad. like a serpent (as, " u hseiu uba jrong lueng "). Luen, ad. big and long (as, " u bsein u dem liien''). Lung, a. young, tender. Lung-lnng-leng-Ieng, ad. cursorily (as, " nga shu kbmih lunglung-leng-leng ia ka kot jong phi "). Liih (ia-) v, to woo. Lui-lui, a. innocent, harmless. Luin, ad. point-blank, (as, " u tang shu thew liiin da ka suloi, ki la khaweit"). Ltiin, a. blunt. Ltim, w, n. a hill, a mountain ; outside the village. Lum-Mangkashang, n. the Himalayas. Liim, I', to gather, to collect. Ltm, n. a tadpole. Liin, w, to throw stones, to pelt with stones. Lupula, (see ^Lenpula). JAXi V. to plough; (ia-) — to woo, to court. *liir {abhrev. of khlur), — u, n. a star. Lur, V, to push forward (the firewood), 'lur-dih-duma, «, 7t. the comet. Luri-lura (ka lew-), ka, n. the market of beasts (connected with the history of the dog in Khasi folk-lore). 'lur-mangkara, u, n, the brightest star. 'lur-miet, ?(, n. the evening star. 'lur-shai, u, n. the morning star. Lushia, v. to finger, to handle, to meddle. *Lut, a. spent, exhausted, — ka, n. a currency note. Lut-phut, a. squandering \^lmit. lutphut — lut sha]. *Luta, 21, n. a goblet, a brass cup; the proboscis, the trunk (of an elephant) . Lute, 1). to spoil, to plunder. LyaiS, ad. short and wide (as, " u briew uba lyngkot fyaifi*^). * Hindi.

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121 LYAR LYNGKOT Lyar, ad. short and round (as *'ii khiew tiba pylliin lyar"). Lykhit, ki, n. small nseless things or details. \_Imit. ki lykhit— ki Ikhai.l Same as Lkhit. Lyeit, ka, n. the bottom, the foot, the buttock. Lyer, ka^ n. wind, air (see also Ver). Lyng-a, a. hot, uncomfortable, uneasy [Imit. lyng-a — pisa]. Ly-ngang, ad. lonely, (as, '* u shong tang marwei ly-ngang ha lum.") Lyng-^n, ad. short and stout (in stature) (as *' u briew uba lyngkot hjng-dnP) i^yugai 5 ? ^^Q disappear without knowledge. Lyngba, pr. through, — ad. throughout. Lyngbiang, a. without earrings or ornaments or handle (as, " ka wait kaba lynghiang^'). Lyngka, n. the name of a second day in a Khasi week ; Ceylon. Lyngkar, ad. without care, at random (as *' wat pyllait hjngkdr ia ki masi ioh dait u khla"). Lyngkdang, ad. lying helpless on the back [as, " ka dohkha ka per lyngMong."^ Lyngkdong, Jca, n. the occiput ; nape of the head. Lyngkha, ka, n. a field [/mit. lyngkha — ka risai]. *Iiyngkhason, ka, n. a frame of wood or bier for carrying the dead body to the cremating place. Lyngkhot, ka, n. a piece \Imit. ka lyngkhot— ka lyngkhai.] Lyngkhuh, v. to happen by accident ;— «. an evil spirit \Im%t. lyngkhuh-pakhiih] . Lyngkhuuid, a. naked \I7nit. lyngkhuid — lyngbiang]. Lyngki, a. barren. Lyngkien, ka, n. a meadow, a maidan ;•— ^. spilling all over, flowing, copious, — a. level with. jLyngklad, ha, n. longcloth. / Lyngknap, ") ad. like a piece of slate on the ground (as, "ynda , Lyngkniap, > nga iit shitom nga shem ia ka tyngka kane lyng* "^Xyngknep, j knap ha khyndew ") ; flat. Lyngknot, ka, n. a low wooden stool. Lyngk6r, ka, n. a plough ; an anchor. Lyngkot, a. short ; — n. a piece (used with, shi, ar, lai, etc.) * Hindi. I EngUsh.

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122 LYNGKRANG LYNGNGON Lyngkrang, ^ ad. with thins^s scattered here and there (as Lyngkrangreit, ) " phi itynnad kumno ba'n ieh noh lymjkrang ia ki-ei ki-ei?''). Lvngkrang, ") rtri. helplessly (lying on the hack), (as, ** ynda la Lyngkreng, J bn-aid u thiah lyngkrang ha siirok"). Lyngkut, a. short, laconic ; even (numher). Lyngkyrneng, u, n. an ear ornament. Lyngkyrwiang, ka, n. the point on the head where the hair appears to end (generally on the top) . Lyngdan, 7/r, n. (used along with u pyngrem), a nian of great influence — u. Pyngrem-u- Lyngdan, a statesman. Lyngdhang, a. shallow and flat. Lyngdoh, n. a priest. Lyngdiim, a. hareheaded. Lyngdykhnr, n. a dove. Same as Lyngdkhnr. Lyngeng, ad. having a hig head, lonely (as " u hriew ubaheb ka kh lieh lyngeng' ' ) . (Same as Lngeng) . Lyngen, a. slow, gently flowing (stream). (Same as Lyngen). Lyng^r, n. full or whole length. (Same as Lynger.) Lyngngai, ad. in ecstasy of joy, in an unconscious state, (as, ** u la shong sngewbha hpigngai "). Lyngugam, n. the name of the hill-tribe in the north-west of th6 Khasi Hills. Lyngngeh, ad. with the head thrown backwards, (as, "u ioh thiah lyngngeli ha ka shuki "). Lyngngeit, ad. with the whole weight of the body (sitting), — v. to thrust down. Lyngngiah, ad. with the head thrown backwards, (as, " u Ieh lymjngiah ia lade "). Lyugngoh, v. to be perplexed ; to be astonished. \Imit. Lyng?z

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123 LYNGHOH-KHOHWAH LYLON Lynghoh-khohwah, ka, n. the back part of the leg just under the knee. Ly-ngiar, v. to be late. (Same as Ingiar). Lyngiej, a. oily. (Same as Ingiej). Lyng-ien, ad. half-reclining, like the walking of a big man with a big belly [as, " u S'iem, Jc, u laid lyngien lyngien ha Sor."] Lynglit, langlit, n. a species of parrot. Lynglun, ka, n. a lump. Lyngrah, w, n, white-ants. Lyngraw, m, n. a young bull. Lyngrom, ad. in a small group (standing) (as " ki ia ieng lyng* rom ha ka juh ka jaka "). Lyngrum-lyngram, ad, carelessly or in such a way as to obstruct the passage (as " ki shu huh lyngrum-lyngram ia ki dieng"). Lyngskor, «, n. a Prime Minister. Lyngsnap, ' Lyngsnep, Lyngsnej, ^^ fl Lyngsniap, Lyngsnop, Lyngsnup, Lyn|kter, } «' ^^''^' ™^°^*'''*Lyngthen, ad. bulky and without proportion, (as, " u briew uba heh lyngthen "). Lyngthohdoh, ka, n. the back of the neck. Lyng-iih, a. thick, raging; densely smoky, — v. to rage (as fire). Lyng-uiu, ka^ n. the circumference. Lyng-ur, ad. like a big ring or ball (as " shna ka syngwiang kaba pyllun lyng-ur''). Lyngwit, ad. revolvingly, (as, " tang dei kuli, u khla u la shad lyngwit bad u kyllon artat "). Lyhar, ad. carelessly and with the whole weight of the body (to sit). Same as i/i<3r. Lylon, ad. like a ball (small) ; (as, " ba'n khuai dohkha shu kli li/lon da ka ja ") . Same as JJlon,

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124 LYMBHER LYMUN Lymblier, ad. in a heap, (as, " ki lum lymhheridb u 'dewiong ha madan "). Lymbher-tait, ad. carelessly ; scattered about, (as, " ki iehnoh ia kiei kiei li/ntbho'-tait''). Lymbhor. ad. like a sleepiog baby, (as, " i khunlung i iohthiah li/mblwr.") Lymbiang, ad. without any earring or ornament or handles. (Same as LynghiaJig). Lymbit, ka, n. a bat ; mica. Lymbnep, ad. thickly, (covered, as with scabs or eruptive disease) ; (as, " u niang thylliew u rben lymbnep'^). Lymboit, a. almost naked. Lymbnng. ad. in a heap or group, (as, " ynda la lah shoh ia u kba, ki shu lum lijmhung ia u skum "). Lymbup, v. to push with the shoulder. Lymda, conj. unless. Lymmang, ad. without dress or ornaments, [as, " ka isih shibun ba'n khet noh ia u khlieh diengduh lymmang."] Lymmen, ka. n. palm or sole deprived of wrists or toes. Lymmuh, ka, n. a branch or a twig with green leaves. Lympat, v. to dash to pieces, to throw down. Lympeh, ad. fine and long (as, "ka dohkha kaba lynipeH^). Lympen, ad. naked, destitute, listless, — n. the trunk (of a tree* etc.) Lymphiang, \i^ n. a bundle of grass dressed like a sheet for thatching. Lymphiar, ad. with the abdomen hanging down ; [as, " ki dkhar kiba riwbha ki hiar ka kpoh li/mphiar.''~\ '"Lymphdin, ) ad. smooth, sleek ; [as, '*i khunlung iba bha briew Lymphuin, ) li/mphoin."] Lymphop, v. to wash as a piece of cloth by beating on a flat stone ; to wash down. Lympung, ka, n. a place or enclosure where dancing is performed, a stage. 'lymuifi, a. without tail. (Same as hnuin). Lymum-lymum, ad. fat, corpulent ; [as, '* u khunlung uba sngaid lymum-lymum.^' ] Jiymun, a, liking (applicable to eatable things). Same as Lymun.

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12B LYNDANG LYNTI-KHLIEH Lyndang, ad. on the back (to lie). [Imit. Lyndang-pyllup.] Lyndet, ad. beyond, behind, — v. to transgress, to forsake. Lyndum, a. bare-headed, bald. Lynnai, ul n. a reed. Lynuiang, tt, n. a plant the root of which is of a bitterish taste and which is eaten with pan and areca nut. Lynniap, ka, n. a slice. Lynfiiar, v. to cry aloud, to weep. [Imit. lynfiiar-lympat.] Lynnong, ka^ n. a portion, a chapter, — a. isolated. Lynraw (si-), u, n. a young bull or ox. Lynruh-lynram, ka, n. things lying disorderly. Lynrum, ad. disorderly. Lynrum-lynrah, ka^ n. rubbish, a debris. Lynsher, i', to plant in, to ram in, to hurl down. Lynshop, v. to dash or plunge down (as a hill stream does to any floating object). Lynstong, u, n. sward, sod, turf. Lyntang, ka^ n. a plank. [Imit. ka lyntang-ka thaboh.] Lyntaitj ka, n. the swallow. JLynten, ka, n. a lantern. Lynter, ka^ n. a line, a length. Lynter-tait, \ ad. all along, over and over the same state of Lynter-tuid, j things ; [as, " ba'n shu iai leh ia kajuh-pa-kajuh lynter-tait ka'm long kaba i-tynnad"], careless. Lynthaw, i). to dash to pieces. Lyntheng, fxd. with big calves j [as, "ubriewuba heh kakhohwah lyntheng,"^ Lynthem, v. to throw stones (big) ; to stone ; to pelt. Lynther, v. to throw stones constantly at any place, to spatter,— ac?. without due consideration ; [as, kren lynther, leh lynther.^ Lynti, ka^ n, path, way, \_Imit. lynti-syngkieng] ; a trip [as, shMynti avlynti, etc.] Lynti-bah, ka, n. a main path. [Imit. lynti-bah lynti-san.] Lynti-khasi, ka, n, a foot-path ; a short-cut. Lynti-khlieh, ka, n. the parting of the hair. I English.

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126 LYNTIED MANG Lyntied, v. to strike forcibly, to patter. Ly6in, ad. round (small) ; [as, " ka lyn^knot kaba pyllon lyoin"] Lyphur, u, n. a beam or post over which a wall-plate rests (in Khasi houses). Lwa, u, n. a, vessel made of plaited canes and daubed over with India-rubber for holding liquor. Lwai, ka, n. wild honey, — m, a wild bee -j-^ad. like water in a pool. Lwait, a. fainting, weak. Lwar, u, n. a small bamboo tie. Lwar-ding, ka^ n, a furnace. Lwat-lwat, ad. turning round and round ; [as, " u khnam uba peh u laid lwat-lwat."] Lwet, a. broken, powdered, useless. Lwit, a. very finely broken or pounded. Lwoi, ad. like a cesspool, in a small group ; [as, " ka um ka lang, lwoi;'* "ki shipai ki ialang shi kompaui lwoi.'*] M. M — The 12th letter of the Khasi Alphabet. Md, adj. dangerous, frightful \—I ma, n. a maternal uncle (used in the case of address). ;\/fa — , (a prefix) used with the Personal Pronoun to emphasise it, as, m(^nga (it is I), m«phi (it is you), etc. *ma, (anr/Sfir^x'. of "thma"), if«, n. a hattle, campaign (as, ka *ma haramnimok — a mutiny). Ma-bah, /, n, a great or grand maternal uncle ; — ka, a great battle. Mak-mak, ad. harshly, heedlessly ; [as, kren mak-mak^ leh makmak.] Makia, v. to beg ; to go from door to door. *Makna, ad. gratis, for nothing, used also to emphasize meaning of words, Cas, " Lada phi kohnguh makna ruh um rat ai eiei.") Mad, V. to taste. *Madan, ka, n. a plain, a maidan. [Imit. madan — madiah.] Madei-mata, adv. roughly, [as " u shu leh madei-mata tang ba'n dep"] Mang, V. to give jast enough of anything. -— -^-

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127 MA-NGA MALI Ma-nga, {Pers. Pron.) . It is I ; I, myself. Mangkara, (lur), u, n. the lorightest star. Mangkariaug, (sa), a. affected with a parasitic disease (trees); {jig^ to be envious of ; — u^ n. a wasp ; parasitic plant. Mangkarong, ka, n. a show, a display. Mangkashang (u lum-), u, n. the Himalayas. Mahadei, ka, n. the title of a S'iem's wife ; Queen. *Mahajon, n. a merchant, a trader. Mahdm, v. to warn. fMahet, w, n. one of the demons worshipped by the Syntengs and also by many of the Khasis. fMahu, ka, n. an ornament for the arms. *Mahut, n. an elephant-driver. Mdi, V. to scold ; to call one by bad names. \_Imit. mai-nia, maitim.] *Maia, ka, n. may a, mystery. Ma-ian, ka, n. resemblance, likeness; — a. mysterious [Imit. maian-maiot ; maian-saian,] Main, ka, n. features, mien ; — ?^, a kind of fish. 'main, - {ahhrev.) of tmain), u. n. moustache. Main, ad. to the brim. 'mainker, u, n. whiskers. Mainmoh, u, n. beard. Mainksiar-main rupa, ka, n. earnings sufficient to buy gold and silver. Mait, u, n. a mosquito ; — v. to clear, to cut off. Maitang, v. to declare solemnly ; to abstain from doing the like ; — ad. never ; (as, "naduh ba ki theh um ia u, maitang um ju leit thiah shuh"). [^Imit. maitang-maitait] Maiun-maian, ad. faintly ; [as, " nga shu kynmaw maiun-maian ia la ka jinglong khynnah."] *Maji, n. a sailor. JMajistor, n. a magistrate. Mala, ka, n. the story (of a house). *Malai, ka, n. cream. *Mali, n. a gardener. * Hindi. | t Bengali. l J English.

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128 MALOI MAR-KTI Maloi, ka, «. a cocoa-nut shell ; anything that looks lik« a half sphere. Maloi-khlieh, ka, n. a skull. *Malom, ka, n. ointment. Malumala, ad, roughly, not properly, [as, *' leh malumala^ kren malumalay^ Mama, i, n. a maternal uncle. *Mamla, ka, n. a contending party. M4n, k«, n. a cannon. \_Imit. ka tup-ka-man.] M^n, a. each, every ; — v. to grow, to thrive. Man-man,'«(^. obstinately, (as, "balei me sngap mdn-mdn haba khot ?") *Mana, v. to forbid. Mane, v. to worship, to submit, fManik (mdw-), u, n. a kind of precious stone, [/mil. u moin u-manik.] Manir, (soh-), ti, n. the h'chi fruit ._ Mano ? /. who ? Mano-mano, /. whoever, anyone. Mano-re-mano, /. somebody (^ Map, V. to forgive. *Maphot, ad. for nothing, [as, '' wat ju bdm maphot ia ka jong ki briew."] {Maphusor, n. mafasnl ; toar. *Mapik,

129 MARKYLLIANG 'MAT-IAR MarkylliaiiD', ad. in return, tit for tat ; [as, " wat ju ialeh markylliang ia u kpa ba sang."] Mardor, ad. with all haste, at once [as, " phi dei ban leh mar dor ia kane."] Marjan, ad. close, near, \lm%t. marjan-marpa.] Mar-mlien, d. to continue to do the same thing (bad habit or what offends others), to get into the habit of. Marshak, a. exactly equal or alike, matching. + Marte-marte, ad. there and then, [as, '' haba phi la iakut-dor phi dei ban shim noh marte-marte ia ka mar."] Marwei, a. alone ; — ad. lonely. Masi, n. a cow ; a bull ; an ox. Masi-bordi, it, n. a bullock ; a large cow or bull. Masi-khar, 71. a small cow brought from the plains. Masi-khynna, 71. a Khasi cow, invariably of a better qtlality than the Assamese or Sylhet cow. Masi-kyrtong, u, n. a bull. Masi°dap, u, n. a castrated bull ; a bullock. Masi-lynraw, n. young bulls {esp. for trading purposes). Masi-prut, n. a mithan (Zool.) Bos frontalis. Masi-pyllait rong, u, n. a bull that is dedicated and set at large on certain funeral occasions and given away to any one who can catch or kill him : the horns of such a' bull are covered with- a thin sheet of gold or silver ; a sacred bull. Masi-tamroug, u, n. a term applied to a '' masi-pyllait-rong " after having been let loose or caught. Mastieh, x>. to dance with the sword ; — n. a runniag dance with the sword. \Imit. mastieh-ryngkang.] fMaswa, w, n. a fisherman. Mat, ka, 71. a joint, a knob. [Imit. ka mat-ka pung.] 'mat {ahbrev. of khmat), ka, n. an eye. Matang, ka, n. a carpenter's square ; a right angle, 'mat-blang, ka, n. eyes like that of a goat, 'matkylliang, ka. n. a child, a representative, 'mat-dong, ka, n. the corner of the eye. 'mat-iar, kaha, n. amaurosis, amblyopia ; dimness of sight at night. t Bengali.

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130 MAT-IONG mAwPYRSUT 'mat-iong, ka^ n, the iris. Matla, ka, n, a diseased bamboo joint or knob from which there is no shoot. *mat-lieh, ka, n. the white of the eye. Matsohlah, ka, n. the ankle. Matlah, a, blind ; — n. a blind person. [Lnit. matlah — matpei.] Mattah, ka^ n. a snail ; (med.) a corn. Mat'ti-mat'jat, ki, u. the joints of the fingers and toes, the hands ; marks or traces of work. Miw, w, n. a stone. [Imit. u mdw-n dieng.] Mawbah, «, n. a big stone or rock. [/mi/, mawbah-mawskn] ; a big ancestral bone repository or cairn. Mawbri, u, n. a boundary stone. Maw'bynna, u, n. a memorial stone, a monolith. Mawbyrsiew, u, n. one of the three stones set on end, in the hearth between which fire is kindled for cooking puiposes. Mawkait, u, n. one of a set of memorial stones which stands at the extreme left-hand side. Mdwkiiie, 7^, ?2. in a set of memorial stones, the tallest one in the middle is so called. Mdwkordor, w, n. a precious stone. Mawksing, u, n. in a set of memorial stones, the one situated in^ the extreme right-hand side is called " u mawksing." Mawkynroh, «, n. a stone for building purposes. Mawkynthei, /^ct, w. a large flat stone or slab supported by four small stones set on end ; a cromlech. Maw-iap, w, n. sand-stone (pronounced mdw-eedp). Maw-jabieng, w, n. the head or middle stone in an arch ; a keystone. Mawlaitlyngkot, u, n. sl soft white claystone found near the village of Laitlyngkot. Mawleifi, «, n, quartz. Mawlong, u, n, a big stone or rock. [Imit. mawlong-m^wteh.] MawlyngnM w, «. a stone set in ornaments. Mawpiin, w, n. a bridge made by throwing a single stone, also a name given to the stone itself. Mdwpyrsut, u, n. iron-ore.

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I3i MAW-RAMSONG MfeR-MfeR Maw-ramsong, u, n. a limestone rock. \/?Hit. mdwramsong-mawramteh.] Mawria, zt, n. gravel, metal. Mawshamok, u, n. a flint -stone. Mawsh'ing, u, n. a stone enclosure resembling a box for depositing the bones of the dead ; a stone cairn (same as rudwahy ieng), Mdwshun, It, n. limestone. Mawshut-wait, w, n, a whetstone. ^ Mawsiar, w, n. a hone, a whetstone. Mawsohriew, u^ n. granite, from which stones for grinding job's tears are generally made (hence the name). Mawshynrut, u^ n. a very hard kind of stone used as a whetstone, and found in the Nongstoin State. Mawthoh, u, n. a slate-pencil. Me, p. thou (applicable to male only), this word is not used in polite society, but is used in addressing God. Merg, a, proud, insolent. Meh, V. to blaze, to catch fire, to kindle. Mei, z", n. mother. Meikhaj^', n. a paternal grandmother. Mei-hep, ^, n. a maternal grandmother ; also a respectful appellation of an old woman. Mei-hum-ia ka mei ! inter, gracious me ! by jingo 1 Meirad, i, n. a maternal grandmother. *Mem, ka, n. a European lady. Mem-mem (s'aid-), ad, lukewarm (water). 'men {ahhrev. of " tymmen"), n. an old man or woman. Me'n, phr. thou wilt ; abbreviation of me yn. Men-kjat, ka, n. the front part of the sole. Men-kti, ka, n. the upper portion of the palm. 'men-suh-syntiew, ka, n. an old woman given to matchmaking, a pimp. Mer, V. to grow well ; to sprout. Mer-mer, ad. very (yellow) ; [as, " ka 'tiew lasubon ka stem mer* mer.^'] ' * Hindi.

132 MET MOKODDUMA Met, /m, n. a body, person ; \_Imit. ka met-ka-pliat.] — a. fulls good. Met-i^w, a. of mature age (from 40 to 50 years of age). Met-sawdoh, a. of a brown complexion (applicable to persons only). »Mi {ahbrev. of "jyrmi"), w, n. a creeper. Miang, ka, n. the angle of the lower jawbone ; also the swelling of the jaw gland ; mumps. *Miaj, ka, n. a stipulated period. Mian, ad. slowly. Miar, ad. to the brim, [as, " wat theh um ha ban da dap eh miar.''^] Miaw, n. a cat. Miaw-wa, u, n. a tom-cat which roams about. Mikhli, v. to jumble, to mix up. 'mied, v. to raise up one's head. Mieng, ka, n. a piece of bamboo or iron musical instrument, which is made to vibrate close to the mouth, producing high or low tones according to the way the mouth is more or less opened. *Miej, ha, n. a table. Miet, ka, n. night. Mih, V. to rise, to issue. Mih'ngi, ka, n. the east. [Imit. ka mihngi— ka sepngi.] Mihpli, V. to stand as a substitute for, to succeed. Minot, V. to persevere, to devote, to take pains. \_Imit. minot-ador.] Mir, V. to throw a thing gently into a hole or throw it up to another to catch, — a. sallow, — n. myrrh. ^1?^' [ ad. robust, well-built ; [as, '* u briew uba khlain mien''] Mlein, a. shameless ; impudent. Mler, a. over-forward, careless in demeanour. Mlien, v. to form a habit ; to be accustomed to. Mo?=Isitnot? Mo, Mu,=:Synteug prefix for mcky (stone), [as mulang for mawlang], tMokodduma, ka, n. a law suit ; a case. * Hindi. t Bengali.

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133 MDNG MTAI Mong, V. to be wounded, to be hurt. Mohkhiew, u, n. hoe, a mattock. tMohonmala, u, n. a string of coral beads intermixed with round smooth lac-balls covered with gold. tMoh6r, ha. n. a mohur ; a seal; a stamp. Moi, ka, n. an instrument consisting of two pieces of split bamboo joinerl, together for levelling a rice field which has been furrowed by the plough, — v. to level a ploughed field for the reception of seed. Moi-moi, ka^ n. the temples. Moiu, ad. to the brim [as, " thew ha ba'n da dap mow u shang"]; slightly (to smile). Moina, n. a black bird belonging to the starling family. Mom, ka, n. a mixture of fat, etc., for rubbing leather with ; {Hind. = momragon) . *Momjama, ka, n. a wax-cloth. Mom-mom (jem-), ad, very (soft like cotton). Mon, kay n. a will ; a maund. Mopmop, ad. quiveringly ; a drizzling. *Moramot, v. to repair. fMormor, ka, n. a thin cotton cloth of fine texture. Morsha, ka^ n. a ditch ; an intrenchment. Mot, w, n, monument ; a tower ; a pillar. Mot-mot, a. easily broken; tender. Mrad, n. a beast ; an animal ; — a. cruel, inhuman. Mran, ad. quite (healthy) ; [as, " I shait mran mynta ba'n la mynno mynno."] Mraw, n, a slave. [Imit. u mraw — u dkhar.] Mriang. ad, in readiness ; [as, " u ap mriang ha lynti ba'n pom ia u."] Mrit, ka^ n, a migratory bird of a buff colour that comes in the winter. Mrong, ad. watchfully, expectantly ; (as a dog when sitting) [as, " balei phi ap mrong kumne ia u kumba u pang-eh ?"] Mtai, ad. in a large heap, (as, " ki la lah tih u 'dewiong mtai"). * Hindi. t Bengali.

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134 MTONG MYNGKEW mtong, ad. like a hillock ; [as, " ei ba lurn ia uue u khyndew mtong hangne ?"] Mu seh ? phr. same as, mo sell ?=Is'nt it ? §Muka, ka^ n. a tnuga or Assam silk. {Mukjin, ka. n. a magazine. Muk-mak, ml. quickly and roughly, (as, wat shu leh mnk mak ia u khymiah). tMukor-kyndor, ka^ n. a kind of ear-pendant. *Muktiar, ?/, n. a muktar. *Mukup, D. to abandon or leave off. Mudki, «*, n. a big earthen jar. tMudi, n. a retail shopkeeper. Mudui, V. to lodge a complaint against. \Imit. mud ui- phi-rat.] *Muid, n. a buffalo. *Muja, ka^ n. stockings, socks. tMula, ka, n. a low stool made of plaited canes ; a cane chair 5 a vegetable. Mulla, u, n. an executioner (in folk-lore). Mulot, ka, n. a worn-out and useless coin ; a thing which has • no sale value. •Muluk, ka, n. a country ; a kingdom. Muri, ka, n. a drain, a culvert. Mur-mur, (stem-), ad. very (yellow, like a well-ripened fruit). *Musari, ka, qi. a mosquito curtain. Mushlia, v. to meddle with, — a. meddlesome. *Musla, u, n. spices; {Hindi) mosali. \Iinit. musla— musli.] Mustul, u, n. a chimney. •Musur, ka, n. an export duty ; royalty. SJmit. ka dan-ka musur.] Mut, :;. to think, to design ; — ka^ n, an ornamental carving. Muta, a. roLTgh, coarse. *Mutia, n. a porter, a carrier. Mut-ngicR^, V. to hallucinate, to have a presentiment. Mutlop, a. stubborn ; stupid ; obstinate ; stiff-necked. Myngkew, ka, n. husband's sister. * Hindi. | t Bengali. | J English. | § Assamese,

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135 MYNGKOI U JOM MYNRAIN KHMAT Myngkoi u Jom, ka, n, hell ; lit, the tank of Jom or king of death. Mylld,i (used negatively with ym), v. not to he satisfied to any appreciable degree, Myllen, ad. by way of diverting one's attention, — v. to while away time, [as, *' ngi ia shongkai myllen, hangne ; ngi ia sip soh ot tang ban myllen.^*] Myllung, a. pathetic. Myn=(l) Prefix in adverbs of Present and Past times; (as, M^w-hynnin, myn-i^, m^w-tan, etc.). (2) it also sometimes denotes a doer, as, u m.yw-tuh=:a thief. (3) Synteng, an abbreviation of am (iL'iver),as w?/y? khen for umkhen, it is generally pronounced as ?nyng. Myn-aria, ad. some time ago. Mynba, conj. when (referring to past time). Mynbarim, ad. in olden times. \Imit. mynbarim-mynbajah.] Mynd6r, n. an outsider, a stranger. Myndong, | (song-), ad. well (rolled up) ; well-packed ; [as, Myndung, j " a-iu phi song myndong kamne ? " j Mynhakato, ad. on that (particular) occasion. Mynhyndai, ad. in ancient times, yimit. mynbyndAi-mynhynthai. ) Mynhynne, ad. a short time ago (but on the same day). Mynhynnin, ad. yesterday. *Mynja, u, n. a thread smeared over with a mixture of powdered glass and paste used in flying paper-kites. Mynjli, u^ n. a kind of necklace composed of coral beads and crescent-like gold cases. *Mynjiir, "v. to a^ree ; to consent. Mynli-iur, ad. in summer, in the rainy season. Mynmiet, ad. in the night time. \^Imit. mynmiet-myniong.] Mynno ? ad. when ? Myuno-mynno, ad. formerly ; usually. Mynnor, ad. some time ago. Mynnymwei, ad. last year. \Imit. myn-nymwei-myn-nym-ar.] Mynrain khymat, ka, n. compensation for breach of an agreement {esp. a marriage-contract) . * Hindi .

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136 MYNRI MYTHIAN Mynri, n. a tribe of the Mikirs whose habits are migratory and which lives by jhum cultivation. Mynsain, ka^ n. a place cleared all round like a flra-line, and reserved for the growth of trees ; a reserved forest, Mynsaw, v. to be wounded, to have an accident. \^ImU. mynsaw — mynsnam.] Mynsaw-ia, ad, since four days. Mynshem-taiew, ad. last week. Mynsngi, ad. in the day time. [Imit. mynsngi-mynshai.] Mynshisngi, ad. the day before yesterday. Mynshuwa, ad. before ; previously ; formerly. Mynsiem, ka, n. a spirit ; the soul. [Imit. ka mynsiem — ka sugar.] Mynsiem- Bakhuid, u, n. the Holy Ghost. Mynstep, ad. in the morning. Mynta, ad. at present ; now. [/mit. mynta-mynn^.] Mynta-mynne, ad. up to the present day ; still. Myntait, ka, n. the bark of a certain tree which is chewed with pan or betel. Myntan, ad. a little while ago (an hour or so); just now. Mynthi, ad. ironically ; sarcastically, — a. silent ; sullen. Mynthna, n. a mithan {Bos frontalis) . Myntlang, ad. in the winter. Mynt6i, a. profitable, — n, gain ; profit. Mynt6r, ka^ n. a mantra or magic. fMyntri, n. a minister. \_Imit. u myntri-u-korbari.] Myntuh, same as nongtuh. \Imit. myntuh-mynthiem.] Mynwei, ad. years ago. S^Imit. mynwei-myn-ar.] Myrsiang, n. a jackal ; a fox. M^thS' I ^* ^^^ ^^^ muscular (calf). Mythian (shong-dem-), ad. quite (fall or coiled up), [as, " u ehong mythian ; u dem u ksew ha ka shang mythianyi t^Bengali,

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m N 'NAI-LBER N. N— The thirteenth letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Na, prep, from, of. Naba, conj. for, because, Nabar, ad. from outside, externally, [as, "ka iing ka itynnad nabdr hynrei ka jakhlia hapoh."] — a, outside. Na-ked, a, ragged, torn. Nakra, ka, n, a big drum. NaS' } ^'^V- ''°^> ^'^°'"Nadien, ad. from behind. Nadong-shadong, ad. altogether; from beginning to end, [as " dap da ka jingbakla suda nadong-shadong '''\ Naduh-hadiih, ad. from beginning to end, [as, dei ma uuba lah ia nga nadiih-hadiih.''^^ Naei ? ad. whence ? from what place ? Nang=a prefix denoting progression (as, nangvo\--^^Q on progressing). Nang, V, to know, to be able. Nang-ang, a. using low scurrilous language; having a bad tongue* \_Iniit. nang-ang-nanghap.j Nangne, ad. hence, from this place. Nangno ? ad. from what place ? Nangno-nangno, ad. from any place, whatsoever. Nangno-re-nangno, ad. from some place or other. Nah, n. (voc.) a stepfather or stepmother ; an aunt (mother's younger sister). 'nai, {abhrev. of bnai),u,n. a month; moon; {abbrev. of khndi) ; a mouse, a rat. *nai-khadsawsynnia; u, n. a full moon. *nai-kyllalyngkot, u, n. January. *nai-iaiong, ii, n. April. 'nai-iing, ka, n. a house-rat. 'nai-jylliew, ti, n. June. 'nai-jymmang, «, n. May. 'nai-lar, u, n. August. *nai-lber, w, n, March.

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138 'nai-lCr 'NAMTOHRIH 'nai-lur, ?^, «. September. Nai-nai, ad. very (sickly or weak — used with iyin(j), 'nai-nohprah, u, n. December. 'nai-pilang, u, n. a large liill rut wliicli is eaten by some of the people of the Khasi Hills. ' 'nai-risc4w, u, n, October. 'nai-ryDiphaug, u^ n. February. 'n^i-saw, n. a small hill mouse. 'nai-tung, u, n. July. 'nai-wieng, ?^, n. November. Najaii, prep, near, from or by the side of. [Imit. najan-napa.] *Najir, it, n. a nazir. Nal6r, adv. from above, externally ; besides. Ndm, ka, n. fame, reputation ;—v. to portend (used with " ka tyngab" = a crow) ; to be spoken well of by the people (as, ki la nam baroh ia ka jingbha Jong u) ; to request earnestly, to supl^licate (as, u la najti u la ud ka bym lah ba'n ong ha uga haduh ba nga la sngewsynei ia u) ; tangndm, ph\ nominally, [as, " ynda nga la kyrpad jindei, u ia ai, tang ban nam, shi suka."] 'nam {abhrev. of sndm), ka, n. blood. 'nam {abbrev. of kJinam), u, n. an arrow. Namar, conj. because, for. Namarkata, ad. therefore, for that reason. *Nam-katai, v. to be dismissed : to resign. 'ndm-iong, ka, n. dark blood ; an arrow with a distinguishing black mark on it. 'namlang, u, n. a kind of reed or ekra. 'namlymbong, ka, n. a large clot of blood. 'namphiah, u, n. a single feathered arrow, generally used by boys. 'nampliang, ^i, n. an arrow with a spear head, generally used in warfare and in hunting. 'n^mpur, u, n. a feathered arrow. 'nam-sop, u, n. an arrow having a tapering iron-head like a cone, generally used in archery contests. *namtohrih, u, n. a kind of grass. m — — . — * Hindi.

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139. 'NiM-TYLLI NAW-RANG 'nam-tylli, ka, n. congealed blood, a clot of blood. 'uam-tympem, u, n. one of the three arrows shot from the funeral pyre. Nan, ka, n. a tank. Naneng, ad. from above. Nano-nano, ad. from anyone. Na-no re-na-no, phr. from someone. JiNanti, ka, n. «n ear pendant. Nap, V. to devote oneself entirely to doing a thing ; — ka, w. tongs or pincers. Nap-bnnia, ka, n. tongs used by a goldsmith ; a niggard, a miser. Naphang, ad. wholly, entirely ; from one side, (as, puh ia ka kper naphang) ; without ex' option (as, n bam naphang kat kaba ai). Naphrang, ad. from the beginning, in the front. *Napit, n. a barber. Napoh, ad. from beneath. Nar, u, n. iron. Nar (eit-), ka, n. slag. Nara, ka, n. a kind of Assam silk generally worn by women. fl Narad, v. to object. Nar-ka-bili, ka, n. fetters. Nar-liang, u, n. a solid raw iron which has been cleft into two halves and sold in the market. Nar- puh, n, n. a pickaxe. Nursam-im, n, n. a sharp piece of iron for boring wood. Narsaw, u, n. a red hot iron. Narsuh, u, n. a piece of wire used for roasting flesh, fish, etc. Narnm, ad. from below. Narwab, ?/, ;?, a lump of melte;l iron, one split in the middle which can be hung up. See Narlia.g. Nat, ka^n. a bunch of plantains;—?*, w. (an abbrev. o^ pnat) v^. branch of a tree (cut so as to resemble a prong). Naw-naw, ad. hard and dry ; (as, kane ka doh ka la eh naio-naw). Nawei, id. from another. Nawei-na-ar, ad. from some other person or quarter. Naw-rang, ad. harshly (speak) ; [as, u kren naw-rang ia kiba ha iing ha sem.] * Hindi. | || Arabic.

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uo NE 'f^IANGBLIAR Ne conj. or. Ne (an enclitic word) = or thereabouts ; (as, wallam kumba 20 s^r ne u riwhadem) — ka, n. Something or some article understood between the speakers. Neng, ka, n. elevation, north. Neh, V. to remain, to stick to. Nei, M, n. til. (Bot. Ferilla ocimoides). Nei-iong, u, n. sesame, gingelly or ^i^seed. 'nem, (abbrev. of snem) ; ka, n. a year; 2. (abbrev. of " tyrnem" a hammer) [as, 'nem-hsih, 'nem-iit, etc.] 'nemsniew, ka, n. a famine. Nep, ka, n. a bed covering, a razai. \_Imit. ka nep ka tun g] ; — {abbrev. of "snep ") a covering, skin, rind, bark ; — a. sharp, pointed, intelligent. 'nepboh, to, n. the white outer covering of a lemon that remains after the pungent part has been pared off. 'nep-iang, u, n. the outermost part of the skin or rind, etc. 'n6r {abbrev. of sn^r), ka, n. a feather. 'n^r-liang, ka, n. the feather at the extreme end of the wings, 'ner-lung, ka, n. the down of a bird. Net-net, ad. carelessly (as, kane ka khynnah ka trei net-net ia kaei kaei baroh), roughly. Ni, a. smooth, fine. # Nia, ka, n. reason, argument. [Imit. ka nia-ka jutang.] I^ia, n. wife of an uncle on the mother's side. I^iak, ad. much, greatly ; (as, ki briew ki la ia khynwin ;B*ai= they are making a great commotion). 'niakha, ka, n. aunt (father's sister). Niad, V. to wipe, paint. Isliadkalai, v. to tin, to enamel. isliad-rong, v. to paint. 'niang, n. {abbrev. of "sniang)" a pig; 2. {abbrev. of '''khniang") an insect, a worm. *fiiangbabnng, n, n. a very large kind of fly. 'fiiangbading, ka, n. a glowworm, 'fiiangblen, ka, n. a blindworm. 'niangbliar, ka^ n. a kind of small lizard.

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5JIANGB0IT 'f^IANGRAIT-WEI niangboit, ti, n. a wood- worm. niangbri, u, n. a wild pig, a boar. niangbshiah, lea, n. a cbamelion. niangbulot, u, n. a kind of fly. niangkalaw, ha, n. a cockroacb. niangkbap-kor, tt,, n. an earwig. niangkbar, n, n. cbicken-pox. niangkbnap, ka, n. a disease wbicb attacks the hoofs of cattle ; a foot-and-mouth disease. niang khriat, u. n. a small eruption on the body produced by cold. niang kongwieng, ka, n. a species of beetle which is very common in the lowlands, so called fio pa its cry. niangkseh, u, n. a long insect covered with thick fur generally found in pine trees, niangksem, ka, w. an insect which emits a fluid very injarious to human eyes, and having a very bad smell, niangkulia, u, n. syphilis, gonorrhoea, niangkwang, u, n. a wild boar that has separated himself from a herd, niangkynjah, ka, n. any insect which chirps at dead of night, niangkynthah-um, u^ n. a May-fly. niangkyntur-eit. ka, n. a lamelicorn beetle, fiiangdkhiat, m, n. the parasite causing itch, scabies, nianglartham, ka, n. a scorpion, nianglong, u, n, chrysalis, nianglyngkut, u, n. red leprosy, niangmat, ka, n. opthalmia. niang-miaw, ka, n. a tiger-beetle, fiiangmong, u, n. a discolouring of the face, niangphlang, u, n. an insect found everywhere among grass on the higher plateau of the Khasi Hills, and which is eaten by some of the people, niangpyrsit, u, n. measles, niangrah, ?/, 7i. a white-ant. See ''Kruin\ niangrait-hoh (shong), a. having a bad temper and envious spirit niangraitliang, u, n. a tape-worm. niangraitwait, w, n. wot'm generally found in stagnant water, niangrait-wei, w, n. a barren boar.

U2 NIANGRIANG ^NIAT-TYNG-AM niangriang, ka, n. a water beetle. niangriej, u, n. a Wood- worm. niangser, u, n. 2^ very bad kind of sore caused by parasites. niangsliit, u, n. prickly-heat. niangsohpet, u^ n. an infantile disease which affects the nayel. niangsynrang, u, n. leprosy (black). liiangtari, ii, n. a small kind of millepede. niangteng, adj. indolent, lazy. niangthangdoh, ka, n. a firefly, a moth. niangthylliej, u, n. thrush. niangthylliew, u, n. small-pox. niangting, ad. long and thin, slim ; (as, u " briew uba raikhoh ntangting''). niangtrew, ka, n, a very bad sore caused by itch. niangtyngkhap, ka, n. a tick. iiiangtyrkhang, 2i, n. a millepede. niangtyrsim, (sa-), kaba, n. whitlow. ]>Jiangwap, ad. very (weak) ; [as, " u briew uba tlot niangwap u ia pyn-eh."] Niah, V. to drive (cattle), to herd. Kiai, ka, n. solder for tin utensils ; lead. fNiam, ka, n. religion, religious usages, customs. Niam-kn-rukoin, ka. n. religious cnstoms'and ceremonies, I^iamra, ka, n. an abyss, a hole ; khyndai pateng niamra — hell. Nian, v. to stow, to dress in, to stuff, to cram. ISTiar, a4i. thin, having large interstices ; — ad. scarcely, seldom. 5liat, t to push forward; — ad. suddenly, [as, "tang shu ioh-i ia ka "iju]e u khynnah u shu shim ?liat,''] niat, ka, n. {abhrev. of bniat), a tooth. niat-ksew, ka, n. the canine tooth. niat-duh, ka^ n. the wisdom tooth. niat-iawbei, ka, n. a milk tooth. niat-pyrshah, ka, n. a front tooth. niat-tyng-am, ka, n. a grinder, a molar. t Bengali,

143 •NIEH 5JIUR-5JIUR 'nieh {ahbrev. of snieh), ka, n. a skin, a hide, 'niehkdop, ka, n. a skin bag' used by carpenters for carrying tools. Niep-niep, (khih-), ad. like many insects which are moving or creeping away in different directions, [as, " nga ioh-i ba ia ka masi la bam da u ksain nba khih inep-shi-niep.''] 'nier {ahbrev. of snier), ka, n. entrails, 'nierbah, ka, n. the stomach, 'nierkhad-ar-syrtap, ka, n. a part of the intestines which has many folds, 'nier-lang, k'l, n. the part of the intestines which twist together, 'nier-wait, ka, u. the small intestines. Niew, V. to count, to reckon ; to consider. Niew-beifi, v. to treat with contempt ; to lower in estimation. Niew-kor, v. to value highly ; to prize ; to appreciate. Ivliewsting, v. to make light of. Niewtang, v. to recount in detail, to relate. Nir-nir, (stang-), ad. very (thin), [as. " kane ka kotsadakaba stang eh nir-tiir'.] 'fiiuh {ahbrev. of shniuh), u, n. hair, 'niuhkhlieh, ii, n. the hair of the head. \_Imit. iliuhkhlieh-niuhreng.] 'niuhkyndeh, ti, n. fine hair. 'niuhliar, u, n. the end of the tuft of hair, 'niuhlieh, u, n. grey hair. 'niuhmat, u, n. the eyelashes or hair growing on the eyebrows, 'niuh-moh, u, u. a beard, 'niuh-tmain, u, n. moustache. / fiiuh -trong, «, n. a tuft of hair on the top of the head, a pigtail. iSliuma, ad. very well, alright. /5liun, a. to be out of sorts ; to be indisposed. [Imit. ba niunba-niep.] Niun-niun, ad. shakily, [as, une u maw jingkienguba khieh fiiun^ niim du.J K^iup-niup, (jem-), ctd. hairy and soft, [as, "u shniuh dngiem u long uba jem niiip-fiiup.'''] Niur-niur, ka,n. a bog, a quagmire ;--ac^. tremulously, [as, "une u lyngstong uba khih nmr-niiir "].

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U4i j ^lUREI NONGPHIRA iSliurei, n. a pheasant. Niiit, u, n. weeds. [Imit. u niut-u ilier.] Niutmaw, u, n. moss. — no = a s affix in Interrogative Pronouns and in Adverbs of time, place, condition, etc., as imo? who? hangno? where? myiino P when ? Nok (ia-), n. a game of cards, f Nokod, ad. ready-money, in cash. fNokol, ka, n. a copy. tNod, u, n. zero or nought; — ka, a nose-ring. Nong, ka, n. wages, gain, profit: a hired man or woman; anything given out for hire. \^ImU. ka nong-ka ni.] Nong=a square measure=6 dieng X 2 dieng ( a dieng or pole =9i feet.) *iiong {abbrev. of shnong), ka, n. a village, a town, a city; 2, {abbrev. of rnong), ka, n. brass or bronze. Nong= a prefix denoting a doer or agent ; (as, u nongi\\\i) ; a resident of a village (as, u ??o;^<7-Mawkhar, u y?o;?^-Sohra, etc.) Nongkhaii, u or ka, n. a merchant, a trader. [Imit. nongkhaiinongpateng.] Nongkhat, ka, n. rent (of lind) . See BdiiocH. Nongkheinksuid, u, n. a man who cures diseases or propitiates evil spirits by means of sacrifices, a diviner. [JmsY. nongkheiiiksuid-nongkheinkhrei. ] • 'nongkhynraw, ka, n. what one earns while unmarried. [Imit. ' nongkhynraw - ' iiongkhy nd eifi . ] Nongkitnong, w or A;a, 7z. a coolie, a porter. [Imit. nongkitnongnongkitni.] Nongkylliang, ka, n. a compensation, retribution. Nongkyndong, n. a person who lives in an out-of-the-way village, a villager. [Imit. nongkyndong-nongkynshrot.] 'nongkynti, ka, n. personal property. Nongiapam, n. a fighting man ; a soldier. Nonglehpalat, n. a transgressor, an offender. \^Imit. nonglehpalat-nonglehpaliang.] *nonglieh, ka, n. a platinum-like metal. [Imit. 'nonsflieh-'nonsr»tem.] Nongphira, u, n. a watchman. t Beogalju | % English.

145 NONGMUNA NUJOR Nongmuna, ka, n. a specimen, a pattern. Nougplilang, kl, n. the Kliasis living on the higher plateau of the Hills (as the Sheila people call them). Nongra, ka, n. any worn-out old brass vessel. Nongrim, ka, n. foundation ; site of an abandoned village. Nongsam, ka, n. silver, gold or whatever is burnt in the funeral pyre with the dead body, and which those who look after the burning of the dead body divide among themselves. [Imit. nongsam-nongpiet.] Nongsaid-thma, u, n. a politician ; a babbler. \_Imit. nongsaidthmanongsaidktien.] Nongsharai, n. a cowherd, a pastor. 'nong-tem, ka, n. a yellowish brass. [Imit. ka nonglieh-ka nongtem.] Nongtymmen, ka, n. ancestral property ; an heirloom. [^Imit. nongty mmen- nongsan . ] Nongwei, tt, n. a, stranger. [Imit. nongwei-nong-ar.] Noh, V. [to throw into ; — ad. away ; (ia-) to add a little quantity or number in excess of that sold or bought. Nohblei, v. to throw away the idols after the ceremonies of worship are over. [Imit. nohblei — noh-dken.] Nohmynsiem, v. to be low-spirited ; to sigh. Noh-prah^'nai-), zi, ■;?. December. Nohrem, v. to be a cause of offence to the gods or spirits. Nohtasor, ka, n. a silk dhoti, a piece of cloth worn by males round the loins. Nohtah, ka, n. a ladder made of a single piece of wood with steps cut into it, a temporary bridge. Nohteh {colloquial enclitic loord), ad. very much, [as, " ka krem kaba jylliew nohteh.^''] Noi, ti, n. a small bamboo pipe, especially one for applying to the hole of a hookah when smoking. Noi-sha, u, n. a pipe lixed to the cocoa-nut shell of a hookah. *Nuksa, ka, n. a figure, a pattern, a picture, a plan. Nud, V. to dare. 'nud {abbrev. of dohnud), u, n, the liver; the heart, 'niiid, ka, n. a piece of fruit cut in the shape of a prism. *Nuior, V. to scrutinise, examine, compare. * Hindi.

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f^lUREl NONGPHIRA iSJiurei, n. a pheasant. Niut, u, n. weeds. [ImiL u niut-u iiier.] Niutmaw, u, v. moss. — no = a sujffix in Interrogative Pronouns and in Adverbs of time, place, condition, etc., as uno? who? hangno? where? my7ino ? when ? Nok (ia-), 11. a game of cards. fNokod, ad. ready-money, in cash. fNokol, ka, n. a copy. |Nod, u, n. zero or nought; — ka, a nose-ring. Nong, ka, n. wages, gain, profit: a hired man or woman; anything given out for hire. \_Imit. ka nong-ka ni.] Nong=a square measure=6 dieng X 2 dieng ( a dieng or pole =9i feet.) 'nong {abbrev. of shnong), ka, n. a village, a town, a city; 2. {abbrev. of rnong), ka, n. brass or bronze. Nong= a prefix denoting a doer or agent ; (as, u nongiy}\s) ; a resident of a village (as, u ??o;7^-Mawkhar, u wo«^-Sohra, etc.) Nongkhaii, ii or ka, n. a merchant, a trader, \lmit. nongkhaiinongpateng.] Nongkhat, ka, n. rent (of land) . See Bciiwai. Nongkheinkstiid, u, n. a man who cures diseases or propitiates evil spirits by means of sacrifices, a diviner. [Imit. nongkheiuksuid-nongkheiukhrei. ] 'nongkhynraw, ka, n. what one earns while unmarried. [Imit. 'nongkhynraw-' nongkhy ndeiil .] Nongkitnong, u ov ka, n.a coolie, a porter. [Imit. nongkitnongnongkitni.] Nongkylliang, ka, n. a compensation, retribution. Nongkyndong, n. a person who lives in an out-of-the-way Village, a villager. [Imit. nongkyndong-nongkynshrot.] 'nongkynti, ka^ n. personal property. Nongiapam, n. a fighting man ; a soldier. Nonglehpalat, n. a transgressor, an offender. [Imit. nonglehpalat -nonglehpal iang. ] *nonglieh, ka, n. s^, platinum-like metal. [Imit. 'nonglieh-'nong*tem.] Nongphira, w, n. a watchman. jONGMl'! Hills i» Sonata' pvre teni: iiflllllS:iI !\ougsliai" 12-ten ioii»tT: ..vug,, I'e OTe Kolirem, steps f t Bengali. I English. tie!] Noi-slia,

^'0^'GPH!RA '^'^''c: ivliere? ■j k (lieiL» nr pole toffi, acitj; 2. '.ilW«!/tllli);a "^•'olira,et(j,) ML nongldiaiiS or propitia [M. m^' named. [IffiJl' bMTST village, /mil nODgleli' .'uODg' 145 NONGMUNA NUJOR Nongmima, ka, n. a specimen, a pattern. Nongplilang, hi, n. the Kliasis living on the higher plateau of the Hills (as the Sheila people call them). Nongra, Ika, n. any worn-out old hrass vessel. Nongrim, ka, n. foundation ; site of an abandoned village. Nongsam, ka, n. silver, gold or whatever is burnt in the funeral pyre with the dead body, and which those who look after the i)urning of the dead body divide among themselves. [Imit. nongsam-nongpiet. ] Nongsaid-thma, u, n. a politician ; ababbler. [Imit. nongsaidthmanongsaidktien.] Nongsharai, n. a cowherd, a pastor, 'nong-tem, ka, n. a yellowish brass. [Imit. ka nonglieh-ka nongtem.] Nongtymmen, ka, n. ancestral property ; an heirloom. [Imit. nongty mmen- nongsan . ] Nongwei, it, n.a stranger. [Imit. nongwei-nong-ar.] Noh, V. [to throw into ; — ad. away ; (ia-) to add a little quantity or number in excess of that sold or bought. Nohblei, v. to throw away the idols after the ceremonies of worship are over. [Imit. nohblei — noh-dken.] Nohmynsiem, v. to be low-spirited ; to sigh. Noh-prah^Cnai-), u, n. December. Nohrem, v. to be a cause of offence to the gods or spirits. Nohtasor, ka, n. a silk dhoti, a piece of cloth worn by males round the loins. Nohtah, ka, n. a ladder made of a single piece of wood with steps cut into it, a temporary bridge. Nohteh {colloquial enclitic loord), ad. very much, [as, " ka krem kaba jylliew nohteh."] Noi, u, n. a small bamboo pipe, especially one for applying to the hole of a hookah when smoking. Noi-sha, u, n. a pipe fixed to the cocoa-nut shell of a hookah. *Nuksa, ka, n. a figure, a pattern, a picture, a plan. Nud, V. to dare. 'nud {abbreo. of dohnud), ti, n, the liver; the heart, 'nuid, ka, n. a piece of fruit cut in the shape of a prism. *Nujor, V. to scrutinise, examine, compare.

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146 i 'NUP .OP 'nup (abbrev. oiknii])), /ca, n. a Khasi leaf -umbrella, somewhat like a shell, (as, ka 'nup'MdbwiMig=a kuup made and brought from Mawiang). Nup, ka, n. the seed of a cerlain creeper growing in a pod used by the Khasis in wasliing their heads. Nup-khohsiew, ka, p. the knee-cap. Nur, ka, n. a channel, a ditch, a drain. tNurok, ka, n. hell. *]S"usip, ka, n. luck. *]Sruti, ka, n. a prostitute. Nyngkong, a. (irst, beginning. [Jmi^. nyngkong-nyngshap.] Nylla, a. pure, unalloyed. Nyllong, ka, n. the rectum. o. 0 — The fourteenth letter in the Khasi Alphabet. O ! Intel'], oh ! ah ! Ong, V. to say, to tell;— ow^ la, conj. if in case, (as, '' ong la dei ia nga, nga la shoh ia phi "). Oh, r. to cut, to notch. Oh-kuna, v. to impose a fine. \Imit. oh-kuna-oh-kaid.] Oh-jri, V. to tap an Indian rubber-tree. Oh-shrong, v. to cut or notch ornamentally; to carve. [Imii'^ oh-shrong-oh-shrnb . ] Oli-tah, V. to cut slightly at short intervals, to tap. Oi, (a verbal answer), — yes, here I am. On, (leit-), V. to go along with, to reach at. Onksuid, v. to throw away things for propitiating a de^dl. On-kurim (leit-), v. to accompany a bridegroom to the house of a bride. On-nong (leit-), v. to go and carry a load on hire to its destination. [Imit. on-nong-on-ni.] On-rong, v. to present anything, especially liquor, to the spirit of the dead person at the time when sacrifices are made on his behalf. [Imit. on rong-on rup.] -Op (a suffix) =by suffocation, (as in the words, iap-o/?, set-op, etc). * Hindi. f Bengali.

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U1 Or padat aV '± \ "v. to crack, to hreak into chinks. Or-or (s'aid), ad. very (warm), [as, '*nga sngew s'aidor-or hapoh ka nep." I Ot, V. to cut, to mow, to reap. Ot-halang, v. to excommunicate from cliurcli membership. Ot-cloh, V. (lit. to cut flesh— hence, to kill an animal for eating purposes.) [Imit. ot-doh ot-kah.'| Ot-sher, 7/. to circumcise. P. P — The fifteenth letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Pa, i, n. father. -Pa, — a repeating particle, as in the word leh/«-leh= to continue to do. •Paka, ad. complete, satisfactory, pucca ; — iing-paka, n. a stonewalled house. Pakang, v. to flow in a jet ; to shoot forth. Pakai, ka, n. a share, a part allotted, a turn ; — acZ. as a reflective act, [as " nga kren ia kiwei, nang sngewrem iJakdi ma phi ? "] 'pakha, w, ti. a male -relative (father's side). Pal.ha, lea, n. a fan, a punkah ; a species of palm. Pakhang, v. to hinder, to obstruct, to block. Pakh^r, v. to throw away t(^a distance. I'akhing, v. to resist. Same as iakhing. Pakbop, V. to strive against or resist when dragged. Pakhud, V. to pull or drag along the ground. Pakhynnah, ?, n. a j)aternal uncle (father's younger brother;. *Paki (iing-), ka, n a house roofed and walled with bricks. Pakor, V. to unite in sexial intercourse (ax)plicable to beasts only), to cover. Pad, n. a measurement from the tip of the middle right-liand finger right across the chest to the tip of the middle left-hand finger, both hands being extended horizontally. Padai, v. to swing. Padan, v. to obstruct, to hinder, to interfere. Padat, V. to throw to a distance (said of a heavy object). • Hindi.

148 PADIAH PAHARA Padiah, v. to play on a small drum ; to multiply words unnecessarily ; to m(xldle. Pdok ' [ ^"^' **■ ^^® bladder of a fish. Padoi, V. to swing. Padom, V. to drag roughly. *Padri, n. a clergyman, a missionary. Same as Phajri. Padun, a. slightly curved or sloping. Pang, V. to become ill. P'ang, V. to straddle. Same as Fymig. Pangah, v. to move the head from side to side ; to jolt, to express dissent, to dissent. [Imit. pangah-pangaiii.] Pang-at-top, v. to have dropsy. Pang-bhnr, v. to have epilepsy. Pang-khlieh, v. to have a cold. [Imit. pangkhlieh-pangreng.] Pangkhmat, v. to have pain in the eyes, to he opthalmic. Pangkhrew, Jca, n. a wasting or chronic disease. [Imit. pangkhrew-pangkhriap.] Pangkuhek, ka, n. hysteria. Pangdohniid, v. to be heart-rending, to be painful at heart. [Imit. pangdohnud-dohnam.] Pang-iap-iong, ka, n. a mildew, blight. Pang-iapshiliang, v. to have palsy, to be paralytic. Pang-mat, ) z/. to have rheumatism. [Imit. pangmat-pangPang-sh'ing, j pung.] Pangmet, v. to suffer from fatigue or pain all over the body as from over-exertion or beating ; wounded in feelings ; pain. [Ituit. pangmet-pangphat. ] Pangiong, ka, n. kald-dzdr. Pangshipai, ka, n. influenza. Pah, 1). to cry (as an animal or a bird) ; to allure ; to bait ; to feed. Pah -ding, v. to set fire to. Pah-shalyngngiang, kaha, n. the whistle-like sound often heard within the ear. Pahdm, ka, n, a valley. *Pahara (ap), v. to guard as a sentinel. * Hindi.

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149 PAHEB ' PALNGANG Paheb, i, n. a grandfather {i,e. father's father) ; a respectful appellation of an old man. Pahiih, a. overflowing, abundant. [Imit. pahuh-paliai.] Piii, u, n. sugarcane ; 2;. to pare (a stick) as with a daiv. Pai, ha, n. a number = 20 kani = 8,000. *Paia, zij n. a pillar. Paid, ti, n. crowd, same as " pait"; ad. chatteringly. Paidbhur, u, n. common ignorant people. Paidkdr, u, n. people of no position, the mob, the masses. Paila, u, n. a coral bead. Paila-sada, u, n. a string of coral l3eads without gold beads. Pailen, u, n. water-fungus ; — a. bald. Pain, ha, n. solder, cement, a joint. Paintali, u, n. a chisel. Pairah (soh), u, n. a kind of fruit much used by the Khasis for washing clothes. [Hind, ritha.] *Paisa, ka, n. a pice, \ anna. [Imit. paisa-pailain.] Pait, V. to crack, to. break. Pait, tc, 7t. a crowd ; — v. to open by placing the finger on one side of an aperture. Paitdohnud, a. heart breaking. [I^nt. paitdohniid-paitdohnam.] Paitpuraw, n. a small bird of blackish colour and having a crest and a little patch of red fur under the tail ; a bulbul. Pajait, V. to pull with a jerk. *Pajama, ha, n. pyjama. Pajih, ad. aloof, at some distance, [as, " ieng pajih, wat iatur eh hajan."] Pajut, V. to pull up a heavy thing. Pajuwa, ha, 11. a kiln (also spelt " Pajwa "). Palat, V. to exceed, to trespass; passed (as, " u dang palat dang li [kumne myntan"). Palat-paliang, a. distantly related. *Palki, ha, n. palanquin. Palei, a innocent, simple, quiet, calm. Palngang, a. having a round small head, [as, "ubriewuba palngang ka khlieh."J * Hindi.

150 PALNGAW PARA-BA-EH Palngdw, a. round and small (head). Palliiw, a. with sunken eyes, [as '*u briew uba palMw ki khmat kumha la khlong."] Pali, ha, n. one's turn. Palong, ka, n. a bedstead ; a soaxD-bubble. *Palwan, u, n. an athlete. Pam, V. to cut, to win (in gambling). Pamblang, ka, n. the Durga Poojah. Pamthwat, v. to skirmish ; to fell a number of trees in a place. Pdn, V. to ask, to demand. Pan — (a ;;r^^)=what is tied round [as, in the words — pun^oht panii, joa?2,khyllong, etc. ] Pankhyllong, ka, n. a knot of hair on the head. ' Pankwah, 2;. to wish for what is wrong or bad [as, "ladaphi 2)dnkwah eh ban duk, phi'n jin da duk shisha"] ; to court. Panjung, ka, n. a bladder. P^npoh, ka, n. a girdle, a belt. Pansngiat, ka^ n. a crown. Panshandi, ka, n. a very small tortoise. Panshandi-dem-lor-khah, plir. a wife who is eagerly expecting the return of her profligate husband. Panti. ka, n. a strip of cloth tied round the left wrist to protect against the impact of the bowstring when shooting arrows. Pan-'tien-said, kaba, n. — in a battle array, before any of the parties commences to give battle, an address is generally made by eitlier of the contending parties to justify their own cause ; such a form of address is called kaha pdn-'tien-said. Pap, kat u. sin, transgression, fault (same a,s pop). Papun, It, n. an unfortunate fellow. Par, V. to creep, to crawl ; — ka^ n. a mine, a quarry. Para, 11, or ka^ n. a younger brother or sister. Para {prefix) = one associated in common interests, occupation, etc., with another, as in the words /an^-Khasi, para-nongshmi, jPrtr<7-mrdd, para-khjnvSiW, etc., Para-ba-eh, p/^r. of equal strength, resources, etc, to match with an opponent. * Hindi.

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PARA-BRIEW PASOH Para-briew, n, n. having no relationship either by blood or marriage; a fellow-man. I'ara-kha, (shi-), a. a relationship lietween children of brothers. Para-kh6r-paramer, u, n. a neighbour. Para-ksiew, u, n. grandnephew or niece on the mother's side. Para-kynsi, ka, n. wife's younger sister or husband's younger brother. Paramynshong, u, n. a husband of one's wife's sister. 'parM, ^, n. a maternal grandfather. Para-shnong, ti. a person of the same village; a co- villager. [Imit. parashnong-para-thdw.] Para-shongkha, tt, n. a man who marries in the same family. \lmit. u-para-shongkha-parashongman] . Para-trai, hi, n. persons who have a concern in the matter. \lmit> para trai-para dkhuh] u, or ka, brother or sister of the same parent. Pariah-parai, o. haying engaging manners. Paring, f. to pull or tugParo, w. a pigeon.Paron, hh ^- a basket placed in the channel of a streamlet for catching fish. Partuh , n . (see ' ' py rtuh " ) . Parum-pareh, a. many, in great numbers (of persons only.) Pasa, ka, n. luck. Pasan, i, n. an uncle (father's elder brother). Pasngoh, v. to strike the head against anything repeatedly. Pashat, v. to hand anything to a person by throwing it up gently. Pashait, v. to splash up water by striking with the sole of the foot sideways against it, to spatter. Pashing, ad. on the side, sideways. Pashor, v. to drag, to handle roughly. Pashor-kait, ka, ??. plantain flower. Pasiang, a. inclining or sloping ; peaceful, flowing (speech), social. Pasiaw, v. to whisper. Pasied, v. to splutter. Pasoh, ka, n, the fleshy part of the body, the muscles.

152 PASWIA pAWKHMAT l^'""'^! ] V. to whiz. Paswut, ) Pat, ad. again, — v. to fall. Pata, ka, n. a patta; a licensed liquor-shop. Patan, v. to pull on both sides. Patar, v. to tear to pieces as Avith the teeth. Pateng, n. a joint or link ; — ad. indirectly, through another source (as, nga ioh-pateiig ia kane ka shitlii na kiwei pat ki briew). Paten gbynriew, ha, n. a generation. Pateng-pateng, ad. at every interval or stage. Pateng-la-pateng, ad. from generation to generation. Pathar, ha, n. the width or stretch of a ford or stream. — a. thoughtless, heedless. Pathat, V. to snap (a thread). Pathdw, n. a squash gourd. {Hind. kddu). Pathi, u, n. betel, pan (as, called by the Nongkrem, Mylliem and the Synteng people). Patiaw, V. (used in negative expressions, with ym), to give ear to, to care. Patied, v. to strike or knock against, e.g., to bully ; to spatter. Patiew, n. the purlin. *Patloi, u, n. a thick brass cooking vessel. [Hind, batloi.) JPatlun, ha, ii. pantaloons, trousers. Patch, V. to hit with a stone or ball that has touched the ground on its way ; to ricochet. Patom, V. to drag by the hair. Pat6r, u, 11. an officer in the Synteng district next in j^osition to a Daloi, a minister. Patrong, v. to pull or clutch by the hair. *Patsha, n. an Emperor. Paw, V. to seem, to appear, to be evident. *Pawa, ha, n. a powa, J of a seer. Pawang, d. to swing, to swagger. Pawai, ad. unsteadily (to walk, to stagger). Pawbynriew, v. to be in a tolerably good position. Pawkhmat, v, to be prominent, to be j)resent. * Hindi. % EngUsh. "

I 153 pAw-pen-ryngkew peitmat P^w-peii-ryngkew, v. to have the real state of things brought to light. P^w-rdifi, V. to be exposed to shame. Pda, V. to throw to the farthest distance possible. Pda-khd.r-ei, kaba, n. an arrow shooting competition in which he who shoots the farthest obtains all the arrows shot. Pdang, V. to crack. Pdam, V. to come to an end, to be over ; to cease ; to be disappointed. Pdeng, Tea, n. the middle. Pdem, V. to steep, to incubate. Pdiang, v. to receive, to accept. Pdiang-Balang, v. to receive into the church membership (Christian). Pdiet, V. to open by placing the finger on one side of an aperture. Pdok, ha, n. the bladder of a fish. Pdot, It, n. the throat, Adam's apple. Pdung, ka, n. a circular sieve or winnowing circular flat basket. — "y. to blister. Pduh, V. to strike with a stout or heavy stick on the head, to thwack. Peh, V. to winnow; — a. not going in a straight line when shot, like a bad winged arrow. 'peh {ahbrev. of speh), u, n. a spike, a stake (as, '* u peh sylli "). 'peh-dyngkhiet, tc, n. a porcupine quill. 'peh-sylli, tt, n. a very sharp spike made from a species of bamboo called u sylli ; a ready-witted man. Pel, a. having a hole ; — v. to penetrate. Peibylla, v. to be pierced right through, to pass clean through. Peidohsaw, v. to be cut to the quick or to the sensitive flesh. Peifi (ia-), v, to barter, to exchange. Peit, V. to look at, to gaze ; to be awake. Peitkynriang, v. to squint. Peitng6r, z>. to stay up at night. Peitmat, 2/. to be awake or conscious; to be healthy; — a, goo4 looking (person). [ImU. peitmat-peit-mut.]

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154 PEirMAT-DONG PHAN Peit'mat-dong, v. to look through the corner of the eye, to look suspiciously. Peit'matlieh, v. to show the white of the eye. Peitmiet, v. to stay up at night. [^Imit. peitmiet-peit-iong.] Peit-sehj v. to stare vacantly. Peitshin, v. to observe or mark the form or manner of a person. Peitsliougshdn, v. to look with a suspicious eye. Pem-pem, ad, lukewarm ; not tasty. Pen, n. a number=80 (of fruits, red pepper, etc.) 'pen {ahhrev. of soh-pen), ii, n. a wild earthnut. Pep, V. to desist from going or from doing a thing. Per, V. to float; — a. light, careless. Pet, V. to buy rice or any kind of cereals. 'pet {ahhrev. qI soh-pet), u, n. the navel. 'pet-kaw, it, n. an umbilical hernia. Pha, pef's. pro. fern, thou, — v. to risk, to jeopardize, to hazard. Phang, Jca, n. quarter, side, allotted part. 'phang-er, Jca, n. a periodical continuous wind which blows towards the end of the cold season. Phah, V. to send, to despatch ; to order for. Phahkhot, v. to send for. Phahkylli, v. to propose to (a girl). [Imit. phahkylli-phahpyrthew.] Phai, V. to turn. Phaik poh-u-Blei, phr> to favour, to take a favourable considera* tion {lit, to face). Phai«khmat, v. to face. Phdi^dien, i). to turn backwards. Phak, ad. violentlVj [as, " nga ioh-i ba u saheb u thdp ptiak ia U mali."] Phalang, v. to reflect, to rebound. Phaliep, a, slightly inclined or cut. Phaloh, V. to splash over, to spurt, to spill. Phal6r, ha^ n. a gate. Phalup, V. to beat with a big stick ; to hew out roughly. Phan, w, w. a potato; a household god. [Imit u phan-u-kyrpad.]

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155 PHANANG PHAWUR-PHAWER Phanang, v. to fling as a piece of stick by holding it from one end. Phan-karo, u, n. sweet potato (white rind). Phan-ew, u, n. b> person who has no fixed opinion of his own. Phan-longsyiem, u^ n, the household deity of a Siem. Phan-longspah, ti, n. a household god who brings in wealth, to the family. [Irnit. u phan-longspah-phanlongphew.] Phan-mluhj u, n, a kind of sweet potato with dark and prickly rind. Phan-mongor, u, n. a common round potato. Phan-sdi, u, n. potatoes which grow in a garden out of the small useless tubers after the crop has been gathered. Phan-sawlia, u, n. sweet potato (red-rind). Phan-shynreh, u^ n. yam. Phan-siiid-iap, ii^ n. one of the ancestral spirits selected and invoked for giving blessings to the living and to the dead. Phar, ad. entirely, wholly ; it is also used as an intensifying particle, as, " u la jhih/^»r rynjaiu ";— A;fl5 phar, n. a ploughshare. Phara, ha^ n. a heap of metals (generally = 10 c. ft.) Pharait, v. to spatter, to squirt. Phareng, n. a European. Pharep, v. to make a false charge or complaint against a person. Pharia, v. to split into small pieces. Pharshi, ka^ n. a parable, a proverb. Pharuh-phareh, ctd. in a careless manner (to work), [as, '*u briew u la shu thdw pharuh-phareh ia kane ka ruh."] *Phasi, V. to hang. Phat — an intensifying particle (same as phdr), [as, **u la jhieh phat rynjain."] Phawar, ka, n. sl set of rhymes generally in couplets, as, {a) "u sohlang u sohphie u risang u shakyntir," "ko para shynrang dangkhie kynjih pynnang te jir." {b) Haba lam u thyrnia u ksai u shu bM. Phawer, v. to hint, insinuate. Phawur-phawer, ad. faintly, as a rumour, [as, " nga shu sngew phawur- phawer kumba ka sor-Shillong kan leit noh."] * Hindi.

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1 166 PHEIT PHIRA Vheitl Int. ^e\ 'la, {collog.), expr. of anger or disapproval (a, '* />heit laiski^*'). Ph^r, V, to differ ; ympher, it matters not. Pher, ad. brilliantly, yery (as, **ka bnengkalasliaibha^J^^r b'ym don shuli II Fob.") Phet, V. to run. *Pbetkiri, u, n, alum. Pbet-iap, v. to fly for life or beadlong. [Imit. phet iap-pbet-im.] Pbet-lyndet, v. to go away without taking leave. [^Imit. phet lyndet-phet-tuh.] Phet-tbong, v. to run a race. Phew = ten, as sbiphew 10, arphew 20. Phewse, ad. to my surprise, (as, " ngatharaiba u lab ba'n ryngkang, phewse u hap pynban"). Pbngain, a. clear, not misty. Phngdr, ad. extremely, (as, '*uba la sia.ii J>hngar u mrad "). Phngit, u, n. flying cinders or other particles, atoms. Phng6it, V. to peep so that the head only can be seen. Pbnguid, V. to eat gluttonously. Phi, {per. pro. 2nd person), you. Phiak, ad. at the centre or part aimed at. • Phiang, ha, n. a brass plate. Pbiang-phiang, u, n, a bird of greenish colour with a crest on the head. Pbiang-phiang, v. to arrange and tie grass into bundles for roofing purposes. Phiangsbai, Jca, n. a porcelain plate. Phiah, V. to split. Phikir, v. to be in earnest, to take pains to do a thing. Pbieng, a. awe-inspiring ; sublime, majestic. Pbi'm {pers. pron.), you will not. Phi'n {pers. pron,), you will. Phir-phir, ad. very (clean and white). Phira, v, to guard, to watch ; — n. u phira = a sentry. * Hittdi.

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fHITA PHORSHI Phla, V. to confess ; to admit. Phlang, ti, n. grass. [Imit. u pWang-u kynbat.] Phlait, V. to slip, to miss ; — ad. right through (pierced), fas, "u sam pynpei phlait la ka lyntang."] Phlan, V. to flatter, to cheat, to pretend. Phldn-dumdn, v. to humbug. Phlkr, (pei-), «

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168 ^HOT PHtrif5.PHlJl5J Phot, a. cutting, sharp ;— ?;. to get an intertrigo. Phra, a. eight. Phrak-phrak, (kren-), ad. straight-forwardly, [as, " uK u long u briew uba 'kven phrak />hrak."] Phrang, ka, n. the front ; — v. to temper an iron; to test. Phrangsngi, ka, n. the beginning, the first. Phrah, ka, n. plaited bamboo work ; — 'Z'. to obstruct tbe d

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159 PUtir PHYRNOP Phiiit, kcif n. number of times won in any competition or match ; score. *Phuj-u-pyrton, 11^ n. an army. {Sind. Fauj). Phulidj a. playful, cunning, jocular. Phum-phum, ad. soft like cotton, [as, " nne u phan u la ih bha phum-phmny] Phup-phup, (^c^. very (bushy), like snowflakes, [as, "u shiliuh jong phi u la lieh phup-pliup ''^ Phur, V. to hold a ceremonial dance on the occasion of the cremation, esp. of a grandmother or grandfather (father's mother or father). Phiit, V. to uproot. Phutoi, lia^ n. a waistcoat. Phylla, a. wonderful, strange. PhylMd, n, a kind of mongoose. Phylla-soi, ad. unusually, as an exceptional instance, [as, "mynno niynno phi'm ju wan kai, mynta phiwan phylla-soi a-iu ka? "] Phyllaw, ka, n. the front court of the house. Phylliah-ding w, n. a flying cinder or spark. Phylliew, v. to pour water from one vessel to another smallmouthed vessel. Phylliid, u, n. a kind of mucilaginous plant. Phyllung, (at-), v. to have waves. Phyrbew, u, n. a, solitary jackal with a peculiar howl. Phyrdap-lyngkor, ka, n. b, piece of bamboo or wood attached to the two-split pieces of bamboo for levelling an irrigated ricefield and also to the horizontal post which rests on the neck of bullocks. Phyrngcip, ad. early (in the morning) ; [as, " khie lashai dang step phyrngap, ho."] Phyrngup, \ a. with drooping hair or branches ; [as, *' ka dieng Phyrngapj j kaba noh phyrngup ki tnat harud wah."] Phyrman, ad. with plenty of whiskers ; [as, '* u tngd^w u long u shrieh uba don 'maink^v phyrman.''] Phyrnaij a. glittering, shining. Phyrnopi 1 ^* *° ^^^ °^ plunge ; to duck. » Hiadi,

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160 PI PITA Pi, V. to draw water by dipping a small vessel in it. Pia, ad. heavily, more than enough (to eat or carry) ; as, " u kit ha ba'n da khia pia ka dieng."] Piada, n. a peon. *Piala, ka, 7i. a porcelain cnp, a tea cup. Piam, v. to embrace, to clasp. Pi-an, a. short and stout. P'ian, ad. firmly (sit) ; [as, " u shong p^iait ha ka shnki."] P'iar, V. to stretch out : to extend. Also spelt pyiar. Piat, ^^, «. an onion ; — ad. firmly; (as, *' u la shong piat ba'n bam.") Piaw, V. to be peevish or sulky. Pi-e, a, full or swollen (as an overfull stomach). Pied, V, to split with the hands ; to tear off. 'pieng, 1. {abbrev. of kpieng), u, n. a bead. 2. {abbrev. of sohpieng), u, n. a mango. 'piengsohphi, ii, n. Si string of coral beads which have been strung alternately with gold beads resembling u sohphi. Pien, V. to wrap a piece of cloth round the waist. »pien {abbrev. oijympien), ka, n. undergarment worn by women. 'pien-arna, and 'pien-Iasubon, are the two variety of waistclotha (jympien). 'ping {abbrev. of sping) «, n. a handle ; as U '/'iw^-sdie. pi, ^^' \ ad. short and fat, [as, "i briew iba lyngkot piho.^^] Pihuin, a, envious. Pilang (nai-), n, a kind of large rat. *Pipa, ka^ n. a cask. Pireit, ad. with a distended abdomen, [as, " ka dohkha katja pun pylleng ka heh kpoh ptreiL"] *Pirit, ka, n. a small porcelain plate ; a saucer,-^r. (coloq.) on terms of very close intimacy. Pirn, «, a turkey* Pisa, V, to feel uneasy, to fidget, to "be l?estless« . *Piskot, u, n^ Si screwdriver. *Pita, u, n, a tape, a ribbon. j * Hiadit

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161 PJAH PNAR Pjah, a. cold. Pjar, V, to drain. Pjiah, V. to feed carefully ; to nurse. Pjong-pjong, ad. like the leap of a deer, [as, *' nga ioli-i hynne ia ka skei ba ka ]iqv pjong-pjong.''^'] Pla, ka, n. a bag, a pocket. Plak, ad. utterly, totally (in a bad sense), [as, *' nga nang kren bha, u pat u krensih plak'^'\ Plain-plain, ad. jet (black), [as, '* u briew uba ion^ plain-plain.''] Plait, V. to open out, to clear a way. Plan, ad. completely, [as, *' u hkm ha ban da lut plan shi-pliang pynshong."] Plar, V. to vomit (only of infants) ; — ad. lying helplessly (many), [as, " tang shu rung hapoh Aspatal, nga ioh-i kiba pai]g ki thiah plar."] *Plastor, ka, n. a plaster. Pleng, ad. after all ; oh 1 I see now, [as, '' pUng u Saheb-bishar uba jrong du."] Plein-plein, ad. hard and unripe (fruit), [as, " u sohmon mynta u dang im plein-plein.''] *Pleit, ka, n. porcelain plate. Pli, V. to change. Pliang, ha, n. a plate. Pliah, adj. clear, pretty, [as, " ka khlaw Mawpat mynta ka la pliah " ; " ka briew kaba pliah khmat."] — n. ha, cash. Plie, v. to open. Plied, 1). to open, unfold. Plod, ad. fully, (as, " u la bdm ha ba'n da kdang plod,") Ploifi, ad. entirely (as, la lut ploin). Pluk, ad, unexpectedly (bad sense), [as, "u iathuh pluk ia kaba rih]. Pluh, v. to be on fire, to take fire. Pnah, a. tenacious, eloquent. Pnan, ad. quite stiff, (as, " u la lap pnan'') Pnar, ha, n. a shell ; — hit the Syntengs as distinguished from the Khasis. * Hindi. ft

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162 PNAT POMBLANG Pnat, w, n. a branch of a tree resembling a fork. Pnek-pnek, ad. very (sticky) [as, " ka urn kaba mih na ka kseh ka long kaba dambit pnek-pnek.'"^ Pneh, ka, n. one side of " ka jainsein " — a Khasi womaa's outergarment. Pong, V. to bore, to make a hole. PoDgka (khim), n. a child whose father is unknown ; a bastard. Pongkdung, ad. bulging out like a balloon (as, " ka jaiii ka at pongkdang ba beh ka I'er "). ^''''^ Pongkhuh, ad. like a big animal lying helpless (as, " nga tharai ba ym shym dei ba nga siat ia ka sier hynrei nga shem ka la ^.yViOTi. pongkhuh "). Pongkiang (or pyngkiang), ad. crosswise: — n. ka, breadth. Pongpet, V. to come to nothing, to fail. Pongshai, ka, n. a side-door of a Khasi house ; an aperture for letting in the light, 'poh {abbrev. of kpoh), ka, n. the abdomen, the belly. Poh, a. low ; less, short of, P'oh (or pyoh), v. to be exposed to smoke or fire ; to smoke. Pohbah, V. to be near delivery. Poh-ia, a. low or mean (action) •, — ka, n. weekday. Pohjaid, a. low-caste, low-born. \Imit. pohjait-pohrati.] Pohjat, ka, n. the sole of the foot. • Poh-rati, a. low-born. Pohsahj ad. inwardly or within one's own mind. Poh-tit, ka, n. the armpit. Poi, V. to reacb, to arrive at. Poi-poi (Iwet), ad. easily (crumbling or mouldering [as, " kane ka jain ka la Iko poi-poi\'\ Poi-bnai, v. to menstruate. Poi-kha, V. to marry. \_Imit. poikha-poiman.] Poi-ktien, v. to get a word or reply. \_Iiiiit. poiktien-poithylliej.] Poit-poit, (dih-), ad. with a successive little quantity of smoke or water puffing off, [as, " ki 'khar Mudi ki mlien ba'n dih ^winsb pbitpbit.'"^ Pom, V. to cut (with a daw), to sever. Pomblang-u-dkhar, ka, n. the Durga Poojali. Pomblang-u-Siem Nongkrem, ka, u. the annual festival of the Siem of Nongkrem,

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Us POM-POM PRUID Pom-pom, ad. to ashes (reduced) ; [as, " dung ha ha'n da Iwet ^om-pom.'"^ Pompyrtbat, v. to be struck with lightning. Pomtah, V. to cut slightly (o£ trees), to tap. Pom wait, v, to win in gambling. I'' Pop, n. sin. (same as j!?«^j).) Pur, ka, n. time, period ; a small bird. Prang (see " prong "). Prah, u, n. a winnowing basket. Prai, ad. small and in large numbers, (as, " ka pung ka dap da ki khun dohkha/r«i. ') Prait, V. to give way or to be torn as an old garment, (as, " ka patluM ka la rim eh kumta ka la^jrcwY baba shong.") Prkn, V. to venture, to dare, to be presumptuous (as, " me pran k6p iaei haba me'm lah ?"). Prat, V, to break through, (as, " ka masi ka la prai la ka kper ") ; — to cut (grass). *Prek, «, n. a nail. Prem, ad. like a sudden appearance of people standing in a group (as, " kyndit-kyndit la mill saw ngut prem ki nonglute ") ; prominently ; like the appearance of a collection of sticks set on end. Pret, V. to throw away. Prew, u, n. small dry bamboo or reed ; a torch. Prie, V. to vomit. Prie-umksang, v. to vomit bile. Pring, w, n.. soot ; — a. black. Prip, ad. like a collection of smail objects, [as, *' u jhur u la mih prip mynta."] I'rong, V. to break through a fence or wall, same as prang. Proh, u, n. a fork, a prong. Proh-jingmnt, a. intelligent, sharp. Proi, ka, 11. tiimoar ; an evil spirit who causes cancer, especially in very dangerous parts of the body, as in the sides, arm-pits, etc. Priih, ka, n. a cubit, 18 inches, used in measuring all lengths. Prnid, v. to dra^^ a line, to scratch. * Hindi.

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164 PRUM PUN Prftm, ka^ n. sore, ulcer. Prup-prap, ad. simultaneously and hurriedly (as, "ki iabdm lang prup-prap "). Prnt, u, n. a species of grass much liked by cattle. Pt6j-pt^j, ad. very (adhesive), [as, " tylliat ia ka ja haba ka'n da pnah ptej-ptejy] pu, {abbrev. of kpii), w, n. a loaf ; ground rice ; cakes [^pukhleii\ ^pumalot, ^putharo, etc., are different kinds of cakes made from rice.] Puka, n. a paddy bird, an egret. *Pukir, n. a fakir. \_Iniit. u Pukir-u Pukra.] Pukni, n. a vulture. Pukri, ka, n. a well. Pud, ka^ n. a boundary ; — •y. to omit. Pud-piid, a. timid. *Pudina, w, n. marsh mint. Pung, ka^ n. a pool ; a joint. Pung-kjat, ka, n. di> leg. Pung-kti, ka, n. an arm. Puh, V. to dig, to peck, to bite. Puh-kylla, v. to dig the garden with a hoe and turning the soil upside down. Pui-pui, u, n. dust floating in the air ; mist. * Puid, V. to rip open, to lance, to dissect. Piiid-piiid, a. coward. Puit, 7/, 71. grasshopper. Puit-suwa, u, n. a locust. Puj^r, u, n. ground rice distributed at the christening of a child. Pule, V. to read. Pulit, ka, n. a lo?k-up, a private room ; a policeman. Pulo, ka, n. a hen-coop. Pulom, V. to come to nothing, to be fruitless. Pum-pum, M, w. a mist ; dust floating in the air. Piin, V. to pave, to bridge over. Pan, V. to gestate, to conceive, to be with child.

165 pOn-jingkieng pyllait-ktien Pun-jingkieng, v. to throw a bridge across. Pnr, V. to creep, to spread. *Pura, a. complete, full. [Imit. pura-puri.] Piiramit, v. to league witb ; to hold secret consultations. Puraw, V. to give in substitution or compensation ; to recoup. 'j)urew, u, n. dry pouuded rice. i'lir-khnam, v. to feather an arrow. Puri, 72. a fairy. Piiria, 71, n. a small dried fish. [Imit. puria-purap.] Purisk^m, ka, n. a fable, a fiction. Puron, ka, n. one of tbe female deities of the Khasis representing, the first materoal ancestress. *Pushara, ka, n. a whitewash, v. — to whitewash. *Pur-a-na, ka, n. a parwana or notice. *Puson, V. to ponder, to muse ; to appreciate. Put, V. to sound a wind instrument ; — ad. yet, (used witb negative verbs in the past tense). Pute, V. to be thwarted in one's plan or project, to end in nothing. Putet, ad. besides ; at the same time. Pyngkat, a. not quite full or to the brim. — Ka, n. The name of the day on which Mynso hat is held, in the Jaintia Hills. Pyngkbob, v. to fold ; to wrestle with. Pyngklit, (iaid) v. to go by a roundabout way so as to avoid meeting. \Imit. pyugklit-pyngklat.) Pynkriang, v. to catch hold of one on the way. Pyngngad, a. cool, refreshing. Pyngieng, ad. perpendicularly, iipright (same 3^^ pynieng). Pyiar, v. to stretch, open, extend. Pyjah, V. cold, same as pjah. Pyjar, v. to strain, to drain, (same fis pjar). Pylla, ka, n. the pan of a pair of scales. Pyllain (peit-), ao?. with prominent small eyes, [as, " balei me peit pyllain ia nga ? "] ; staringly. Pyllait, V. to liberate, to set free. Pyllait-ktien, v. to break off the match. * Hindi.

166 PYLLAIT-KSUID PYNHIAR Pyllait-ksuid, v. to let loose a fowl or any animal sacrificed to the evil-spirit ; to let a person free from any agreement. Pyllait-lan, v. to let loose an animal to roam at large. Pyllait-rili, v. to let loose a fowl sacrificed to u rih or the fever demon. Pyllait-sansh'ing, v. to divorce. (Divorce among the Khasis is effected hy exchanging 5 cowries hetween the hushand and the wife in the presence of witnesses) . Pyllaw, ad. staring fixedly, [as, " n ^Q\t 2)yllaw kum ka dkhoh. "] Pylleng, ka, n. an Qgg. Pylliaw, ad. with small sunken eyes, [as, " ine i khynnah i peit pylliaw."] T>^,, ' > a. round. Pyllun, j Pyllup, (dem-), ad. on the belly (lie). Pyn=a prefix of many causative verbs. Pyn-adke, v. to bring a thing to naught. Pyn-am, v. to keep together by means of a V-shaped vice, to cause to bite. Pyn-at-khu, v. to be envious. Pyn-atshyntur, v. to pout, to sulk. Pynban, a. still, nevertheless. Pynban, v, to add to, to give more ; — ad, nevertheless, still but. Pynbeit, v. to correct, to make straight. Pynbiid, v. to let a thing follow, to be as a sequel to. \Imit. pynbiid-pynrap.] Pynbyllan, d. to join or attach to. Pynkhieklong, v. to make a sacrifice in order to ratify an oath or agreement. Pynkhiiid-dar, v. to be free from blame or imputation, {Jiit. to clear a passage for a boat to pass). Pynkhyllew, v. to flatter. Pynduh, v. to destroy. Pyn-ngat, v. to let a thing be caught in a spoon or net ; — to fell a tree. Pynhiar, v, to let down ; to have diarrhoea ; to export.

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I 167 PYNHIAR-KPUT PYRKHING Pynhiar-kput, v. to avenge. Pynhiar-myEsiem, v. to breathe. Pynhiar-synjat, v. to make a formal betrothal. Pynidid, v. to manage {lit. to let a thing walk). Pyn-iar, v. to extend, to stretch ; — ti, n. a batten. Pynieng, v. to make a thing stand up ; — ad. perpendicularly (followed by da), [as, " buh dd pynieng ia ka snloi."] Pynjhieh, v. to wet, to moist ; to urinate. Pynlah, 7;. not to give in or yield in argument, to be headstrong; to be obstinate, — v. to finish up. Pynlat, v. to delay, to procrastinate. Pyn-ong, v. to inform, to deliver a verbal message. Pynphuh, v. to beautify or make grand ; {lit. to make a thing blossom). J pi^M } ^ 4.^ girdle or wrap a piece of cloth round the bust. Pynryngkang-par, v. to banish, to send into exile ; to deport. Pynshfid'khaw-iang, v. to speak or behave as if intoxicated with liquor. Pynshadkhun, u. to dandle. Pynshadsuloi, v. to have parade exercises, to drill. *Pynshait, v. to be forward ; — ka, n. an arbitration or panchayet ; u — an arbitrator. Pynshok, ka, n. in Khasi States, contributions for State purposes. Pynshong, v. to make a reasonable settlement ; — to give full measure. Pynshoi, v. to tempt, to entice, to allure. [^Imit, pynshoipynshad.] Pyntha, ka, n. a level country. Pynthame, v. to mesmerise, to dazzle, to enchant. Pyntian, v. to put into the mouth. Pyntip, V. to make known. Pyrkhat, v. to consider, to think, \_lmit. pyrkhat-pyrdain .] Pyrkhing, ad. tightly, strictly. * Hindi.

168 PYRKHUNG PYRTO P^^kli"^^' [ ^' ^° ^Gnd, to arch. Pyrda, ka, n. hangings, a curtain. Pyrdet, «^. hehind, (as, " ki la khum ia u nongpyniap-briew da Pyrd6ng, (niam-), ka, n. a ceremony which is performed at the time when reconciliation is brought about between two contending parties. Pyrdung (at-),(7cZ. well-arched, [as, "ka jain ka 2>X-pyrdung ha beh ka Iyer."] Pyr-em, ka, n. the spring season. Pyr-en, ad. with a swollen belly. Pyrha, ka, n. a basket for measuring rice, containing from 4 to 7^ seers. Pyrhut, a. breezy, windy ; hungry. Pyrjah, v. to smack the lips as a sign of anger or appreciation of food. Pyrmdn (khmih-), ad. from a distance or as a spectator (as, " nga shu ia khraWi pyrmdn ia u Kbasi mynta "). Pyrsa, n, a nephew or niece ; {uoc.) a son or daughter-in-law. Pyrsa-ksiew, n. a grand-niece or nephew (mother's side). Pyrsat, v. to breathe, to blow, to hiss. Pyrshang, v. to attempt, to try. Pyrshah, prep, against, opposite to. Pyrshen, u, n. a pimple, a stye. Pyrshong (soh), u, n. a kind of sour fruit, Assamese kamranga. Pyrsia, v. retail buying and selling. \_Imit. pyrsia-pyrkat.] Pyrsit, u, n. fine particles of broken rice or pulses. Pyrsut, ka, n. a pair of bellows — v. to blow, to set air in current. Pyrta, v. to cry out, to call aloud. Pyrta shnong, v. to cry round the village. Pyrthat, u, n. thunder ; — kaha tied u pyrthat, a clap of thunder. Pyrthei, n. the world, \_phr. ym don 2^yrtkei=Yevy, exceedingly.] Pyrthiew, v. to come out (as an eruptive disease) ; to burst (of roasted grain). Pyrthuh, v. to imitate. Pyrto, V, to cherish a grateful remembrance of.

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169 PYRTON RAH *Pyrton, ka^ n. a regiment. Pyrtung, ad. bulgingly (as, '* ka doh ka at pijrtung ba dait u dkhevv"). Pyrtuh, ka, n. a domestic-poojah of a S'iem (same as " pai'tuli "). Pyrwa, v. to care, to be miudful of. E. R — The sixteenth letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Rakaid, «. young, stunted, [as, " u khynnah ubadang rakdid u shian ba'n dih duma."] Rakep (bah-), «cjf. awkwardly (carrying a big person on the back, or sticking to another's back), [as, " u khynnah uba la san ruh u phah bah raktp ha i kmie."] Raked, ad. in ragged or torn clothes, [as, " ynda shang khldw eh, ki jaifi ki jot raked.^'^ Raken, ad. waddlingly, (as, " u iaid raken ba sa tohjdw"). Rakhe, v. to observe. V Rakho, u, n. one who tends cattle, a cowherd. *Rakot, ka, n. a rakshasas, — a. voracious, greedy. Raktui, I ad. shabbily, [as, " ki nongkyndong ki leh raktiii ia lade Raktai, j wat lada ki long ki ba ioh-ba-kot eh ruh."] 'rad, {ahbrev. of mrad), n. an animal ; abbrev. of " kynrdd " (q.v.) . 'rad-bah, ii, n. a giant. *Radha, n. a goose. Rang, V. to cease to rain, to be fine (said of weather), rang, {abbrev. of shynrang), a male. rangbah, u, n. a man, an elder ; — a. grown up. [ImiL rangbahrangsan.] R'ang, «cZ. with feet entangled in a raised position in such things as a creeper or barbed wire, same as ryang. Rangai, ") ad. with long dishevelled hair, [as, " u shniuh katai ka Rangei, [■ briow u long uba rangai kum u jong ka dngiem ; kane Rangiep, j ka dieng kaba heh rangai,'"^ Rang-'iar-khad, u, n. a sacrificial cock. Rangli, ha, n. a poor lonely woman. [Imit. ka raugli-ka Juki,] Rah, V. to lift, to carry. * Hindi,

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170 RAH-RONG RAMAN Eah-rong, v. to carry about as a show ; to expose other's faults, to calumniate. \Jm%t. rah-rong rah-ndm.] Kai, V. to decide, to pass orders. 'rai {ahhrev, of krai), «, n. millet, as u riishan, r««soh, ri^truh. Kaibi, ka, n. hereditary taint. Raikhoh, a, lean, thin, reduced. Eaiain, a, big and having much foliage (said of a tree). Kai-eh, ka^ n. a waste land covered with thick jungle ; virgin soil\Imit. rai-eh-rai-dam] Raiep, ad. like a fool clad in shabby clothes (as, " balei me ieng raiep hangne ?") Rdid, a. stunted, dwarfish, degenerated. Rain, ka^ n. self-respect, honour. Raimaw-raidieng, (her-, phet-), ad. wildly, anywhere and everywhere (run), [as, " ki kynthei tang shu ioh-i ia ki Sik ki her rainidiv-raidieng ^^"l *Raiot, n. a subject, a rayat. 'raishan, u, n. {But. Paspalum Sanguinale) a .species of millet resembling grass. Hai shilliang, v. to be partial in the decision of a case ; — n. ex parte judgment. 'raisoh, w, n. Italian millet ; {Bot. Setreria Italica). Kaitong, n. a j)oor lonely man. [Jmit. raitong rainot.] 'raitruh, u, n. {Bot. Eleusine Coracana) ; (Bengali) ^t?P^1 i a species of millet. Eaiup, ad. reaching down to the ankle (as, " u phong ka sopti kaba jynsur raiup "). *Eaj, ka, n. jurisdiction, a State— « raj^ the people, the constituency. *llajai, ka, n. a razai, *E;ajinama, n. deed or instrument of compromise. *Ptajon, ka, n. resin (Hind, dhooh). Ilam, ka, n. a debt. Ham, ka, n. a jungle which has been cleared torjhnm cultivation. Ram^n, ad. fiercely (like a tiger), [as, " nga ioh-i ia u khla uba heh ramd?i.^'^ » Hindi,

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171 RAM-EW RENG-'MAT E.am-ew, ka, n. tlic goddess of earth, the ground ; terra firma. Ramhah, u, n. a g-iant. Eam-ia, ka, n. dream, illusion; hallucination, — krenram-ia, to speak as in a dream ; to he under a hallucination. Bam-shangki, ka, n. an old fashioned gun used by the Khasis long ago ; a jingal. Eam-shandi, ka, n. the goddess who inspires the people when. engaging in any dangerous undertaking as in a battle. Ran, V. to contract, to shrivel, to shrink. Eanda, ka, n. a plane. Eanaiil, ad. having plenty of foliage, [as, " ka don kawei ka dieng^ kaba ranain hsirnd surok."] Ranap, ka, n. the slope of a hill. Rani, ka, n. a reward given to the discoverer of a lost article, 'rap, 1. (abbrev. of iarap), v. to help ; 2. {abbrev. of " trdp "); — ka^ n. a Khasi circular flat leaf umbrella. Rapiej, ad. as if pressed with a heavy load on the back, [as, '* nga iashem ia u ba u kit rapiej la u phan shi byrni."] *Rashi, ka, n. a sickle. Rashing, ka, n. a slope, a side of precipice. Rasong, ka, n. great good fortune ; the goddess of good luck. Rat, '0. to up-root. [Imit. rat-thiew.] Ratap, ka, n. a piece of plaited bamboo work to protect the body from the impact of a load when carrying it ; a trap. Rat-da, ^/zr. used with yn or ym ; to denote conditional possibility ; as, " u'n ra^f c^^ lei lada phi leit " ; " ym rat da lah batai ia kane." Rati, n. a small seed used for weighing gold and silver ; a very small quantity. Rdong, ad. in an arched position, as a cat does before springing on a rat. Red, w, n. a fabulous sea-monster, a brave or daring fellow. R'e, ai. full (as, " nga sngewdap ka kpoh r'e ba nga bam sohphlang ") ; puffed up (belly) ; same as rye. R'eng, ad. raised by a prop on one side, (as, " ka kpoh ka long kumno re r'eng ") ; same as ryeng. Reng, ka, n. a horn, an antler. Reng-ngap, ka, n. the cheek-bone. Beng-'mat, ka, n. the eyebrow. * Hiudi.

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172 REM RIAT Rem, V. to be defeated, to be guilty ; t3 be expensive, to get offended ; highly priced, — a. dear. Beit-shdn, u, n. a very hard and durable wood used for posts. Ken, u, n. a sea-monster. E-ep, V. to cultivate, to plant. [Imit. rep-riang.] E-evv, ka, n. honeycomb ; — a. brittle, weak — said of wood only. llnga, ti, n. charcoal. Rngat, V. to be dried up and evaporated. Engai (ha-), n. an illusion or dream, hallucination. Engain, ad. holding fast (of a bite) ; [as, " u ksew u am rvgain na ka ryndang u masi."] Engaifi-rngain (iong-), ad. as black as coal. Engaw, v. to cease raining for a time. Engiew, ka, n. luck ; individuality ; essence of humanity ; spirit. [Imit. rngiew-rw^ang.] Ehang, ") ad. disappointed, (as, " ki briow ki la lah ioh, phi phi Eheng, J dang ap rhang hangne ! "). Ehah, ?;. to be envious ; to meddle. [Imit. rhah-rhing.] Ehem, a. glowing, burning. Ehew, (duna-), ad. conspicuously or markedly (less or short of), [as, " ei ba bam ba duna rhew u k^k kumne ? "] Ehong, (ap-), ad. agape ; — (pei-), having a small aperture;eagerly. Ehing, ad. persistently, (as, " balei phi shiin rhing ia nga ? "). Ehuin-rhuin, ad. very (red or glowing), [as, "u sohphi uba saw Q'^l^ml-rhuln.'"^^ Ei, V. to keep, to take care of ; — ka, n. a country, a province ; — u, n. a kidney bean, asparagus, 'ri {ahbrev. of thri), w, n. a cane, a bamboo tie. Eiang, ad. in order, in a row, [as, " ki huh riang ki ben ba'n shong kibriew."] Eiaj, riej, v. to shrink from ; to recoil from fear, disgust, etc., forbear. Eiam, •

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173 RIAW 'RIEWTYMMEN Riaw (rap-), rtc?. in great numbers and simultaneously, [as, " ki tang shu pyrta, ki rap 7'iaw baroh."] *Rikap, ka, n. a stirrup. lii-kynti, ka, n. a private landed property. E^iew, V. to give out a sound, to produce a sound. ' rie\Y, 1. {abbrev. o{ britw),n.a,i)eYSon; 2. {abbrev. of shriew) an arum. riewbah, n. one who is not related, a stranger. [Imit. 'riewbah'rieAvsan.] riewbha, a. rich, wealthy. [Imit. 'riewbha-'riewmiat.] riewbiej, 7i. a foolish or ignorant person. [Imtt. 'riewbiej'riewthera.] riewblei, a. godly. riewdakait, n. a cruel person. riewdangkhie, ki, n, young people, the rising generation. riewdkhot, n. a member of a community or any organisation. riewngeit, n. a fellow-believer, a person who holds the same faith. Ejiewhadem, u, n. maize, Indian corn. riewhok, w. a godly man, an honest person. [Imit. 'riewhok'riewsot.] riew-iaid, ka, n. a woman of bad character, a harlot, riewlieng, ii, n. a boatman, a sailor. riewnar, runar, adj. cruel, wicked. [Imit. u runar-u ruser.] riewpop, n. a sinner, riewradbah, n. a giant, riewsaid, u, n. a pleader, riewsaid-lah, n. a person who holds on in argument although he is beaten, riewsaidthma, v, n. a statesman, a clever man. riew-u-s'iar, (dang-),^//r. at the crowing of a cock, early in the morning, riewspah, a. rich, wealthy. [Imit. 'riewspah-'riewphew.] riewstad, ^^. a wise person. [Imit. 'riewstad-'riewnang.] riewtymmen, n. an old person, an elder. — ad. like one who is in an advanced age, thoughtfully (as, "ine i-'Boihw i-kvenrietctymmen shibun haba ia shongkai ") [Imit. riewtymmen-riewsan]. * Hindi,

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174 RING RMIANG Bing, V. to pull, to tng. K-iDg kcngor, v. to compel formerly by force a man to marry a S'iem's female re]ati\-e. Ring-dong, v. to do a thing so as to suit one's interest or object. E-i-nger, ii, n. a small kind of rattan cane, a species of calamus. E/ing-jingmut, v. to infer, to draw a conclusion. Ringmaw, v. to bring a monolith from a distance. Ring saiphla, "v. to confirm a statement by referring to an eyewitness who would act as an arbiter. Ringsamthiah, v. to be drowsy. Ringsan, v. to catch fish by driving them along in water with a bamboo fence. Rinsrsdot, ) , • . -, .1 r>- " J z/. to pine away, to languish. Ringsur, v. to sing. Ringtyllai, kaba, n. a tug-of-war. Ringtyrkhong, v. deject, depress, pine away. Rih, V. to hide ; — u, n. a fever demon ; ague. Rijied, u, n. a post. \^Imit. u rijied-u khnong.] Rim, a. old. 'rimet, ?/, n. a large rattan cane {Bot calamus). Rin, ad. in a row or line (as, "ki briew ki ieng, rin, harud wah"). 'riphin, u, n. a very small species of rattan cane, 'ri-rdj, ka, n. a raj or public land. Risa, V. io shout exult ingly. Risang, n. a squirrel. Risaw, u, n. October ; a small bamboo used for making arrows. Rishot, w, n. the chief post, a pillar. Rit, a. small. Riti, ka, n. legal customs, established customs. Rit-jingmut, a. narrowminded. Ri-War, ka,n. the lowlands on the southern slopes of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Rmen, n. the people living in the north of the Nongkhlaw elaka ; valleys. Bmiang, ka,n. the margin, the rim ; border (cloth).

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175 RMIANG ROT vRmiang shyntur, ka, n. the lip. Rmiew (um-), ka, n. exudation on a wound or sore, serum. Rniang, u, n. an anvil. Rnong, ka, n. brass or bronze. Rnuid, ^. having groves as a peeled orange; — n. ka, rnuid=^^YOYes, furrow. Rnai, u, n. a tough kind of bamboo, used in making string (same as mriai). R6, ka, n. mercury. i Rong, ka, n. colour, paint ; a show, a display \fmit. ka rong ka rup.] — V. to carry between the teeth, as a cat does a rat ; to carry away. Bongbthuh, ka^ n. gray or mouldy colour. Kong-ka-tarasa, ka, n. a show, a display ; tamasha, Bong-iong, ka, n. black colour ; tar. Eong-jugem, ka, n. aieddish black colour. Bong-jyrngam, ka, n, green or blue colour. Kong-jyrngum, ka, n. a blackish green colour. Eong-lieh, ka, n. white colour. E/ong-pad, ka, n. lead-foil, tinsel. Eongphong, a. showy, gay ; having something of sham or pretence, ostentatous. Eong-pyllun, ka^ «, the heart (in card playing). Eong-saw, ka, n. red colour, Eong-sawdong, ka^ n. the diamond (card playing). Eong-shiria, ka, n. the club (card playing). Eono-stem, ka, n. yellow colour. Eong-tham, ka, n. a spade (card -playing). Eoi, V. to increase, to make progress. Koiii-ioin, ad. full of holes ; riddled with small holes, [as, '* ba'n lait Iyer, ki tap da ka tin kaba poi roiii-roiTi.'"^ Eoit-roit, ad. with violence and in quick succession (as, " ki nongshohnoh ki la beh roit-roit ia u"). Eon, ka, n. the least of all the deities worshipped by the Syntengs. Eonsing, ka, n. a blowing horn, a trumpet. Eot, V. to desist, to shrink from ; to object, see also ihrof.

176 RSHAM RUTl' Ksham, ka, n. all the necessary tilings spread on the ground at the time of making a sacrifice, {^e.g. bottle -gourd, leaves, rice, a sieve, etc.). Rshiang, «, n. a kind of sun-grass. E-ta, ka^ n. age (same as ryta or yrta), Etan, '\ad. fast (cling), [as, "ba'n leit shaiio shano ruh ym Eten, ) lait ba une u khiin u bat rten!^ ] Rtiang, ka, n. a tree bearing that name, {Bot. Quercus serrata), Etin, ad. tenaciously (as, "u 'sew-beh u bat rtin ia ka skei")^ Eudi (same as rwai), v. to sing, [^Imit. rwai-siaw.] *Eubibar, ka, n. Sunday. Eiid, ka, n. border, side ; — leit rud, to relieve the bowels. Eukom, ka, n. manner, custom, way. Eukom-rukom, ad. of different kinds, [as, " ki don rukom-rukom ki briew ha ka pyrthei."] Eung, v. to enter. Eung-Balang, v. to enrol or be admitted as a member of a church. Euh, ad. also ; — ka, n. a cage, a snare. *Eui, u, n. cotton, Eiiid-dak, v. to draw a line, to put a mark. Euid-nur, v. to cut a drain. Eui-rui, u, ji. dirt suspended in water. Eum, ka, n. the lower or hinder part ; south. Euma, V, to be delirious, to speak or act incoherently, [/mif. ruma-rutit ] Eumar, ka, n. a pocket handkerchief. Eumpei, ka, n. the last room of a Khasi house next to the hearth, where odds and ends are kept. Eunar, see riewnar. \Imit. ranar-ruser.] Eup, ka, n. the side of a cloth not coloured or the colour of which does not come out distinctly ; the reverse side. Eupa, ka, n. silver. Eupatylli, u, n. the collar bone ; a silver necklace. Eusni, ka, n. firework. *Euti, u, n. a loaf. * Hindi.

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I 177 RWA RYMBAI-JA Rwa, V. to be diminished ; to become less (in quantity). Rwai, V. to sing. [Imif. rwdi-siaw.] Rwai-mylluug, v. to sing a pathetic song. E/wat, V. to be on the lookout ; to explore ; — ka, n. a trace (road). Kwiiig, (wan-, leit-), v. to go and return the same day. Rwiang, ka, n. hxok.^Imit. ka bok-ka rwiang.] Bwieng, u^ n. the intestines of a bird. Ryben, a. thick (same as rben). Bykhiang, a. dry (same as rkhiang). Eykhie, v. to laugh (same as rJchie). RvDga {see "rnga"). ? Eyngkang, v. to jump, to pass over ; to trespass, to ford. \Imit. ryngkang-ryngkoh.] Eyngkap, ka, n. a quiver. — ad. with child on the back. Byngkat, ad. along with, together; — a. equal. Ryngkew ka, n. dry land (as opposed to water). Kyngkew-u-Basa u, n. a village patron God. Ryngngi, ka, n. the sunny side of a place, (the opposite of dymmieio), Eyngkhai (ot), ad. closely, too near (cut), [as, "wat ot ryngkhdi eh ia u dieng."] Eyngkbat, ad, accidentally, by chance, [as, " nga shu iashem ryngkhat ia u,"] Ryngkhi, (bud-), ad. following very closely (of children's ages); — ka, n, the back (of a knife or sword). Byngkhiang, a. dry, parched. Ryngkiih, ad. bending, but tall and big. Eynghang, ^^. widely open, ajar, (as, "wat ieh rynghang ia ka iing"). Ryngiew {see "rngiew"). Ryngmang-ryngmang, ad. quite unexpectedly, fas, "ei ba'n leit lah 'kven ri/ngmang-rj/ngmang ha u paitbah?") Ryngwiang, u, n. a fishing rod; a small leafless bamboo. Rymbai, u, n. a Khasi bean. Bymbai-ktung, it, n. {Bot. glycine soja), a species of bean. Rymbai-ja, w, n, {Bot, JBhaseolas calcaratus), a species of bean.

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178 RYMBAll^ SA Kymbain (shri-), ad. with a wrinkled face. Bymmoin, ") ad. beautifully (smiling) [as, '* ka jingwiat samRymmuin, ) rkhie jong u kaba i-tynnad rpnmuiil."] Uympliaug, u, n. February. Rymphai (noli-), ad. like flowing hair, [as, "u shniuh u noh Eyndang, ka or u, n. neck ; voice. \Jmit. u ryndang-u tang ngiiid.] Ryndang-kjat, ka^ n. the ankle. Ryadang-kti, ka, n. the wrist. Ryn-ieng, ka, n. stature. [Imit. ryn-ieng-ryn-iot.] Byndia-tlem, ka, n. eri silk cloth. Hynjaifi, ad. as if many things are adhering or clinging, [asf "nga'm lah ba'n leit kai ba bun ki kam rynjam."] Bynjap (noh-), ad. with breasts hanging down, [as, " ka sniang kaba don khun ka raikhoh rynjap."] Rynniaw, n. a black bird with a long tail which imitates the cries of other birds. Eynsan, ka, n. a raised platform, a gallery. Hysham-knia {see "rsham"). Bynsi, u, n. ground rice or maize mixed with molasses and rolled like a ball. Bynsied, v. to jump, to caper, to spring upon. Bynsong, ka, n. a kind of flute made of bamboo. KRjnsun, u, n. garlic. Eyntan, ad. holding tight to the clothes (as a child does to iti^ mother's). Byntih, ad, together, unanimously, in order. Byntieh, ka, n. a bow. Ryta see (''rta"). S; S— The 17th letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Sa= (1) a prefix which means to contract a disease ; to be affected with, as, ^^-prum, to be affected with sore ; other intances are, 5«-mattah, ^a-khniang, etc. (2) a suffix which* means peevishly ; sulkily \ as, in lehs^, |

179 SA SAKTIAW (3) it is the sign of future tense, denoting contingency, as, "nga'n sa leit ynda lah bam ja." (4) it is used as an aciveyb with verbs in the past tense, as, "ynda kumta u 5«leit noh." (5) In the absence of any other better alternative, as " nga shu pdiang katba u ai namar ba ngam ioh sa."" *Sab, a. cleanly. [ImiL sab-suba.] Sabiah, adv. at all; — 7z. u sabiah, rice cropped during the rainy season. Sabniup, ad. hairy, bushy [as, "u shniuh ka dngiem u heh sabnuip.''^'] fSabon, ka, n. soap. Sabuit, -u. to corrupt a thing by enchantment or witchery, (applicable to eatable things only) \ to have " an evil eye." \Imit. sabuit-sakai.] Sabut, ka^ n. proof, clue. Sak, ad, straightway, straight ahead (as, " ka lynti ka beit sak nangne haduh iing "). Sakar, ad. not closely, apart from one another (as, "ieng sakdr wat ia ieng syndah eh"). Sa-ka-said, ) (lait-),

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180 SAKTUP SAHEB Saktup, ad. like a bull frog, [as, "nga ioli-i ia ka hynroh kaba licli saktupy^ Sakuda, ka, n. a iiotcli or corn ; hard swelling. Sakud6m-rai-eh, z, n. a thick-set fellow. Sakiii, ad. covered with longhair all over like a bear. Sad, ka, n, a ceiling ; the goddess who takes care of the Siem's clan, — y. to comb ',~iingscid, the house where the Siem performs his poojah, I.e., the house of the S'iem's youngest sister or niece. yivtit. ka sM-ka sunon.] *^ada, a. blank, plain. Sadai, ka, n. earnest money. Sadhai, ad. at pleasure, at random, (as, laid sadMi). Sadom, V. to drag or beat. Sador, ka, n, tin. Sang, a. incestuous, sacrilegious, forbidden; taboo ;~;z. sangia and sangkla are certain religious observances of the War people, l^hnit. ka sang-ka ma.] S'ang, V. to roast, to toast, same as syang. Sangam, ka, n. the part of the jungle thick with trees and wet. l^hmt. ka sangam-ka sajah.] Sangeh, v. to pause, to stop. " ^ixn^em.ad. inwardly, secretly (as, " ka met baroh shirynneng ka shu pang sange??t"). Sangoh, v. to butt (the head). Sangot, w, «. a town crier, a village policeman or petty official. Sangrang, ad. dear, (as, " kane ka jain ka la rem sangrang eh"); — a. hard, unrelenting. Sangsot, a.^ forbidden, piteous, [as, '' kaba mgQwsangsot ba'n lehbeiii ia kiba pli ki khunswet."] Sah, -u. to remain, to lag or stay (behind) ; to elbow, to strike, to i-am ; (^suffix) over and over the same thing, continually fas' lehsaA, shongsa^, ihiaXisah, ieng.saA.] * Saham, v. to yawn ; to warn, to hint at. Sfihkut, V. to be confined or kept in a place. Sah-daifimur, ha, n. a form of punishment in the Khasi Penal Code by which a criminal is confined for hfe *Saheb, u, n. a European. \Imit. u saheb-u suba.] • Hiudi. " ~~

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181 SAHIAW 'SAI-NAR Sahiaw, u, n. asthma ; a bronchial wheezing sound. Sahit, Ica^ n. firmament, sky. Sah-jit, V. to remain imnoticed or rejected by all. Sah-nang-ang, v. to be known as a tell-tale. \_Imit. sahnang ang. sahnanghap.] Sah-pud, V. to be omitted. Sah-teng, kaba, n. what still remains to be done or completed. Sah'ti, \j Bati, j ^^^' ^' ^ '^^-Bahuh, (leh-), ad. lavishly, prodigally. 'sai, {ahhrev. of hsdi)^ u, n. thread. 'sai-kait, w, w. a fibre of a plantain tree. 'saikhum, ii, n. a rope for binding a criminal. [Imit. saikhum saiteh] ; bonds. f'saikun, «, n. a rope attached to a boat for drawing it along shallow water. ,^',1, ' I V. to plead, to argne. S'liid, a. warm, same as sydid. Said-ksan, v. to hold on in argument in spite of failure with a view to carry the point. S'aid-ding, v. to warm near the fire, Said-lah, v. to keep on arguing in spite of failure ; obstinately stupid. Said-lwet, v. to gossip. S'aid-sngi, v. to bask in the sun. Same as syaid-sngi. Said-thma, v. {originally to debate) ; to deliver a speech in a Khasi Darbar ; to babble, \^Imit. saidthnia-saidktien.] 'saihpn, ?;, n. sun-hemp. 'sailung, ha^ n, a jhumed piece of land recently allowed to run waste. 'sailum, w, n. a raw cotton thread. 'saimuka, w, n. a muga silk-thread. Sain, V. to melt, to smelt. Sain, V. to burn a part of grass so as to clear a fire-line ; to please. 's^i-nalia, «, n. jute ; riha (Assamese). 'sai-nar, Uj n. a wire ; telegraph wire. _— — 

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182 SAIN-LUNG SAMLA Sdiu-lun:^, ha, n. ^ place that has been recently reserved for the growth of trees. 'saipfid, ka^ n. a finer kind of ??iuga cloth. 'saipan, it, n. a long purse worn round the waist ; a waist-thread. 'saiphareng, u, 7i. rolled English cotton-thread. 'saiphla, u or ka, u. a witness ; a third person to whom the case is referred for confirmation. 'sai-ryndia, m, n. ^H-silk thread. 'sai-s'iang, it,, n. a fiddle-string having the highest pitch. 'sdi-siej, w, n. a bow string. 'sd/ispur, u, 11. cottonyarn. 'sai-steiS, u, n. a thread obtained from a fibrous plant called Villehrania integrifolia. Sait, V. to wash. •■ Saitmet (used with sngew — , i — ), a. offensive, 'sai-tar, ii^ n. a telegraph-wire. 'sai-tluh, 71, n. a very tough fibre obtained from the bark of a tree called " ka tluh." 'sai-tyllai, u, w. a rope, 'sai-woh, Uyii. a skein. ' jsai-wul, 2*, ^2. wool. *Saja, ka, n. punishment, — v. to punish. Sala, ka, n. cotton cloth. Salia, a. disgusted, tired of, bothered. [Imit. salia-salait.] Salit, ad. not in the body but from the side, (as, "u kuli u shu dei • sallt nadong u maw "), — ka, n. chip. \Imxt. salit-samong.] Salu, ka, n. a red cotton cloth. Sam, V. to divide, to share. Sam, v. to bore, to pierce ; (prefix) to feel inclined, to feel a desire (as, in saw-thiah, sam-khyndew) . S'am, V. to be peevish, to be sulky (same as syarri). Sameh-blang, ka, n. a kind of shrub having tough bark and milky juice. Samep, a. woolly, thick with hair, [as, " u niuhtmoh jong u uba Samla, n. a youth. \_Imit. samla-samhoi.] * HindL I X English.

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I 183 SAMMUT SAT Sammut, a. funny, fanciful, exciting mirth (as, "pLikIiies^»i«*e^^ aiu ? u wan leh sammut T) Samoi, ha, n. season, time. Samparat, ka, n. a kind of palm-tree with plicated leaves which generally grows on precipices. Samsam, ad, bitter (cold), [as, " ka um ka la daitthah samsam.^''] Samsia, a. terrible-looking. Samtari, ti, n. a sentinel. Samtawi (shad-), v. to have giddiness. Samiih, ad. with a long beard, [as, "u dkhar uba jrong u niuhtmoh samuh."] San, n, five ; — v. to grow np. Sanad, ka, n. a sanad or appointment letter (same as sunod). Santer, v. to grow up prematurely (of person). Sani, 7;. to remand a case for retrial. Sanium, ka, w. a place overgrown with grass. Saniur, a. like a heap of tall grass, [as, " balei phi iehnoh sahitir la ka kper."'] Sap, ka, n. inherent quality, instinct ; alloy ; genius ; — hamsap, to take bribes. Sapa, a. enough, sufficient (genera'ly used with ym, as, "phi ai khyndiat eh ym sngew sapa ei ei "). "Saphriang, v, to spread, to extend. Saphret, a. scattered; — ki, ?^. crumbs. [Imii. saphret-saphrong.] Sapiet, ka, n. a splinter, a chip. [ImU. ka sapiet ka sapai.] Sapoh, ka, n. rice mixed with yeast and fermented for making liquor, a malt. Sapra, v. to scatter. Sar, V. to sweep ; — ka, n. serge, a Kashmiri chadar. Sara, u. to raise seedliugs for transplantation. Sarasg, v. to become rusty ; — ka, n. rust. Saraw, ka, n. an earthen saucer or plate. Sarew (prum), ka, n. scab of a sore, scales. Saro, ka, n. a bird of the starling family. Sarong, a. proud ; — ka, n. a kind of violin. 3at, a. hot, acrid, pungent j — ad. sorely ; — ka^ n. trouble, calamity. \_Imit. ka sat-ka jew.]

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18^ S'AT SAWRIANG S'at, a. addicted to, much given to. Same as syat. Batap, ka, n. space between strata of rocks ; a crevice. Satar, o, tough. ; ha doli satar-y n. tough flesh. Sat-hyrsia, a. pungent, acrid. Sa-tdani, ad. short and stout, [as, " I D i long i hriew iba lyngkot sci-tdamr^ Satep, Ica^ n. thatch at the ridges of the roof of a house. Sathe, ad. with a big and long coat, [as, " ki Bhutia ki phong ka sopti kaba heh sal he. "^ Sati, ka, n. a ring. Satia, ad. at all; sngew satia, v. to feel annoyed at; /eh salia, to annoy, to tease. Sati-synjat, Jca, n. a wedding ring. Sati-yngkuid, Tca^ n. a magic ring in Khasi folklore, supposed to have the same virtue as the " Wonderful Lamp " of the Arabian Nights. Satlak, ad. all over (as, " saflak ka pyrthei ki kmie ki ieit ia la kikhun"). Satlip, ad. with swollen eyelids. Sator, «. weak, unsteady, [hnit. sator-sajap.] Sat-syllang, a. very hot or painful. Satrew, ka^ n. sore caused by itch. Saw, a. four ; red. S'dw, ") V. to put near the fire, to expose to the action of Syaw, ) smoke. Sawa, V. to sound, to echo. Sawang, a. light ; portentous. Sawar, u, n. a plummet. Saw-ka-siau, ka, phr. excitement ; heat of passion. Sawdong, «. four-cornered ; — ad. all-round. — ka, n. a square. Sawiah-bseifi, u, n. a spenies of wild arum very common in the Khasi and Jaintia Hills. Sawlia, a. very tender and reddish. Sawphew, a. forty. Sawrang, a. red (sunburnt). Sawreng, a. brown (as if from smoke). Sawriang, a, red (like the dawnj.

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185 SAWRIEJ SKUL ^^^r^j'. ] a. bloodshot, bawtriej, ) Saw-saw-mynsiem, a. hot-tempered, irritable. Sawsyng-iang, «. bright red, crimson. Sawtriang, a. red (as from anger) . Sbak, ad. with a thud (falling). Sbai, u,7i. a cowry ; shell ; money. kSbiak, ) acZ. exactly (fit), [as, " ka jingtap ka biang hh.^ sbiak Sbok, ) ha ususpon."J kiboh, kcf, u. manure ; — a, thick (as rice-water), — leh sboh, to pretend to be kind. Sbu, u, n. a plant yielding a black colour used in dyeing cloths {Bot. Strohilanthes flacidif alius) . Sbuh, y. to affect to be kind. Sbuu, a. kind, good-hearted, generous. Sbur, a. rich (soil). Skak, ad. tightly (fasten), [as, " kinonglute ki la syrwiah aTiaJc ia u trai-iiug na ka ryntlang."] Skah, a. thick, adhesive (said of boiled rice or lime mortar). Skai, u. to corrupt food out of envy by mantras ;- ka^ a. an evil spirit who causes flatulence. Skain, u^ n. a fly ; kaba kynjoh hliasTcdin, housewarming. Skap, u, n. husk. Skaw, u, n. a small bottle-gourd for holding liquor or water, especially at the time of pujah. Skei, n. a barking red deer, a muntjac. --Skhak, at/, tightly (bind) (as, " tehha ba'nda skhem shhalc'). _Skhem, a. firm ; — ad. firmly, securely. _Skhep, ka, n. the hijD. Skit, ka, n. kinds, sorts. Skong, u, n. a species of large bamboo. Skop, u, n. the cover, husk. Skop-khuiang, u, n. the cocoon. Skuin, V. to itch ; to desire strongly. Skum, u, n. a nest, a heap of grass, a butt ; the core of a boi,* ^ Skul, ^a^ n. a schpol ; a chapel.

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186 SKOT 'SEW Skiit, V. to trace a line round a plot of land ; to mark out. Bdad um, Tea, n. the jimction of rivers. Sdang, V. to commence, to begin. Sden, V. to dam a stream. Sder, XL n. long grass used in thatcliing. Sdiah, V. to squeeze or press witH the thumb-nail, as one would do a flea. Sdie, ?/, n, an axe. Sdieh, V. to fry. Bdien, v. to hang, to suspend. Sdot, "V. to dwindle, to be reduced in strength, to pine away, Sdung, a. good-sized (fish). Seng, V. to lay as a foundation ; — ha^ n. an organization ; a com* munity ; meeting of a family or clan. Sengkhiin, t;. to be pregnant. 'seh, {ahhrev. of kseh), u, n. pine-wood. Seh, — a word used to complete a statement or to soften an express sion ; as, '*kam long kumta mo seh ? ai seh kato ka tari." *seh-blei, lea, n. (Bot. Ta^us baccata), a species of tree. 'seh-khleifi, ti, n. a resinous pine -wood. Sei, v. to produce ; to pull out ; to bring forth. Sei lapeh, a. to have plenty of leaves, but without grain or fruit. Sei-luDg, 1). to sprout, to shoot forth. 'sein {ahhrev. of bsein), u, ??. a snake ; -iov.g, a cobra [^-her, -tyrnem^ "thli, 'tameli, 'tyrsia, 'Star, etc., are names of different kinds of snakes.] Seisoh, a. productive, fruitful. Sem, Tea, n. a shed, a pen ;— z>. to wear a cloth (apron) called " ka jainsem.''* Sep, V. to go down (sun), to set ; — a. having no ' grain inside a pod. S'ep, n. perspiration, sweat, same as syep, Bep'ngi, 7ccf, n. the west, Ser, ka^ n. a seer =80 tolas. Set, V. to shut, to confine, to close, 'scw {abbrev. of ksew), n. a dog.

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187 'SEW-BNA-LAT SNGEWTHUH eew-bna-lat, u, n. (phrase) one who attends at every entertainment held in the village, v^^hether invited or not. Sngaid, a. fat, plump. Sngjiid-diengthang, a. very fat (applicable to a baby ; the belief is that when a baby is unusually fat, it is likely to die). Sngap, V. to listen, to hear. Sng^p, ka, 71. a gill, a barb. Sng^r, ad. severely, very, [as, "u la thap 87igar ia u na ka ng^p.""! Sngem, a, moist, wet. cj ^ ' J z'. to feel, to hear. Sngow, j ' Sngewbha v. to be pleased. [ImiL sngevvbha-sngewmiat.] Sngewbieij, v. to feel awkward, to feel out of sorts. [ImU. sngewbieit-sngew anna.] Sngewblaw, v. to feel lonely. Sngewbynriew, v. to feel better. Sngewkmen, v. to be joyful. Sngew-diaw, v. to have a melancholy temperament, to be low I spirited. Sngewngiew, v. to have a presentiment. Sngewnguh, v. to be thankful, to be grateful. Sngewhun, v. to be satisfied, to be contented. Sngewjlep, v. to feel faint. Sngewjli, v. to have nausea, to be sick. Sngewjuh, v. to feel quite at home, to be tamed. Sngewlem, v. to have sympathy for. Sngewmyllen, v. to be absorbed in, to divert one's attention. Sngewmyllung, v. to be pathetic. Sngew-niun, v. to be unwell, to be out of sorts. Sngewpeitmat, v. to feel better ; to be wakeful. Sngewsaitmet, v. to feel disgusted. Sngewsih, v. to feel sorry for, to grieve. [Imit. sngewsih-sngew diaw.] Sngewsyn-ei, v. to have pity for. Sngewtngieng, v. to be squeamish. Sngewthuh, r. to understand. [Jmit. sngewthuh-sngewthaw.]

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188 SNGOP SHADIEN Sngop, a. growing between liigli trees so as to be entirely overshadowed by them. Sngi, ha, n. sun ; day. Sngi-Balang, ha^ n, Wednesday ; a day when the Church meeting is held. Sngi-palci, ka, n. Thursday. Sngi-poh-ia, ka, n. week-day. Sngi-saitjaifi, ka^ n. Saturday. Sngi-thohdieng, ka, n. Priday. Sngi-u-Blei, ka, n. Sunday (among the Christians only). See " Buhibar:' Sngur, a. clear, transparent. Sha, prep, to, towards ; — u, n. tea. 'sha ? {abbrev. of shisha)=Te[\l\j ? is it so ? Shaba, u, n, chewed mixture oE pin and betelnut; the red layers and flesh inside the gill of ijsh. Shaba kurat, u, n. sawdust. Shabein, ad. big and distorted (mouth) ; [as, " ki Negro \i don ka shyntur kaba heh shabeiil.'' ] Shabdr, ad. outside, externally. Shabi, u, n. a key. Shak (mar-), a. exactly equal ; — n. a bundle of dried fish. Shakhait, v. to handle or deal severely ; to gnaw. Shakhat, ka, n. a small bird. Sh;ikiar, ka, n. the side of a house, the eaves. [Imit. ka; shakiar-* sharali.] *Shakri, n. a servant. [Imit. shakri-shakor.] Shaku, ka, n. a knife. Shakuriaw, ka, n. a jingling small bell ; a tinkling cymbal. Shakyntir, ka, n. a small bird of moaldy colour. Shad, v. to dance. [Imit. shad-kmen.] Shdd-khalek, v, to dance round a group of girls dancing ^by men only). Shadem, ka, n. the chest; the breast. [Imit. ka shadem-sharuh ] Shadien, ad. behind. » Hindi.

189 SHAD-MASTIEH SHALANI Shad-mastieh, ha. n. a sword-dance. Sh;kl-nolikjat, ka, n. a dance performed by the meml3ers of tlie family who organise the occasion before the general dance. Sliado, *) 1 1 Shadod, j "■ °^^*Shador, ka, n. a chadar ; a thin white cotton chadar. Shado-ki-shadia, ki^ n. old persons. *ShiUl-sawangki, v. to dance like nautch girls. Shad-sohtyngker, z; . to dance round and round by joining hands together. Shaduh, ad. up to, as far as. Shang, ka, n. a basket; — v. to roam, to associate with. Sbah, V. to suffer, to endure, to permit ; to side with ; to be due from. Sh'ah, ka, n. a cactus, same as slnjah» Shahksew, ka, n. a sill. Shahaw, ad. having defective teeth (as, " ka tymmen kaba la lop bniat shaliaio "). Shah-jing-it, v. to fast. Shahshkor, v. to listen, to be attentive. Shai, V. to become clear, to become light. Shaia, ad. late at night (as, wat iaid shaia). Shai-byrngut, v. to become twilight. Shain, v. to chop. Shaiong, v. to become dizzy, to be puzzled, to be dazed. Shait, V. to be active, to be healthy; to be accustomed to; to be impudent. Shaitmet, v. to become healthy or strong. Shaia, a. twisted, warped (said of a plank); — n. the inhabitant of Shella-poonjee. *Shalak, a. clever active, tactful. *Shalai, v. to manage. ^Shalami, a. inclined, sloping. *Shalan, v. to export ; to send up. *Shalani, ka, n. a small round winnowing-basket ; a sieve. * Hindi.

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190 SHALAP SHAp Slialap, hay n. a cliip, a small piece of wood split out of a big one. Same as Thdldp. Shalor, ad. upwards. Slialt^i' 1 ^^' -^^'^^ ^^"^ ^^'^^' oviform. Shalyngka, % n. a lever, a jumper. Shalyng-or, i^ n. a spinning top. Shalyng-ur, w, n. a kind of wasp. Slialymmen, Tca^ n. a small insect which chirps ; a cymbal. Shalynnai, Jca, n. a small fish common in hill streams. Bhalyntem, Im, n. a wheel. Sham-sham, a. very precipitous, [as, " ki pynnoh ia u 'men Langiiiuh na ka riat kaba shdin-shdm.^''\ Shamok, v. to produce fire from a flint, to strike (fire). *Shamoit, Jca, n. a small spoon. Bhan, v. to support, to prop, hold on, *Shana, w, n. gram. Shanam, Tcay n. a small metal lime-case. Bhan-khung, u, n. rafter. 8han-'dang, it, n. a gold or silver necklace. Shanduh, d. to take or use a walking-stick. Shanduwa, ha, n. a high canopy made of cloth placed above the funeral pyre; (a shamianah). Shane, ad. hither, this side. Shaneng, ad. upwards ; northward ; — n. north. Shaniah, v. to trust, to lean on, to confide in. \Ijnit. shaniahshakhien.] Shdn-mohor, ^^, n. an obsolete silver coin of the Jaintia Eajas. Shano ? ad. where ? Shano-shano, ad. anywhere, wherever. Shano-re-shano, ad. somewhere. Bhdn'ti, V, to support or rest on the hand. Shc4p, ha^ 01. a seal, an impression. [Imit. ka sh^p-ka mohor.]'— V. to impress. * Hiudi.

191 SHAPHANG SHAWEI Bhai^liang, prep, towards, in the direction of ; with reference to. Shaphrang, ad. forward, to the front. *Shaphrat, ka, n. a piece of iron or copper- plate worn hy servants as a badge, a chaprass. 8hapia, v. to press, to sqeeze. Shapoh, ad. inside, inwardly, internally. . Shapnloit, ha, n. a lark. *Sha-pushi, ti, n. a tea-pot. 8har, v. to choke ; — ha, n. a funnel. Shara, u, n. small shot. *Sharak, ha, n. a lamp. Sharai, v. to watch, to guard, to tend. Shar^j, ha, n. an insect of a greenish colour sometimes used as a bait for j&sh ; a kind of insect cocoon found among grass. Sharati, ha, n. a flute used on funeral occasions. Share, ad. dim-eyed ; sqriinting. Sharing, ha, n. a slope, a declivity. Shariid, ad. outside, out o^ the way ; — leit rud, to answer a call of nature. [^Imit. sharud-shariaug ; sharud-shakiar.] Sharum, ad. downwards, southward — n. south. Sharyntoh, ha, n. a mantis. Shat, V. to throw, to cast. Shata, ad. there (out of sight) ; — ha, n. an umbrella. Shata-batabak, ha^ n. a circular leaf umbrella with a bamboohandle. Shat-khmaf, v. to cast one's eyes upon, to have a fancy for. Shatei, ad. up there, northward; — u. north. Shathie, ad. down there, southward ; — n. south. Shato, €td. towards that known direction, there. Shaton, ha, n. a cap made of plaited cane and leaf for protection against the heat of the sun. Shatri-jain, ha, n. a cloth-umbrella. Shdw, V, to fetch, to meet on the way. *Shawkad, ha, n. a lintel, a frame of doors and windows. Shawei, ad. to some other quarters, elsewhere. # Hindi.

192 SHAWEI-SHA-AR SHET-THAi Shawei-sha-ar, ad. somewhere else. Shawei-shawei, ad, towards some other parts, elsewhere. Shawroi, ka, n. a plinth. Shka, /'«, n. a junction of rivers. See ka sddd. Shkait, ad. well (dressed) [as, "u riam saheh pyrton shkait ha ka Dorbar. "] Shkdw, n. a husband or wife (Synteng) . Shken, u, n. a small species of bamboo. Shkiah, v. to throttle, tojiress on the throat. Shkor, ka, n. ear. on 1 ,.' > (rkliie-), ad. by showing the teeth ; to grin ; [as, " Haba nga kylli ia u, n rkhie pynban shdai. "] Sheng-sheng, (jrong-\ ad. very high (precipice) ; [as, " ka riat kaba jrong sheng-sheng. "] Shem, D. to find, to meet, to discover. Shem-duk, v. to be in trouble ; to suffer calamity. Shem-pap, v. to be visited with calamity. Shemphang, v. to understand, to be clever. [^Imit. shemphangshemlad.] Shemsang, v. to come across an evil omen; to come across a very rare thing. \I7nit. shemsang-shem-ma. ] Shem-sat. v. to meet with trouble or calamity. {Iinit. shemsatshemjew.] Shen-shen, ad. soon, presently ; — ad. staggering. Shep, (i-), D. to suit, to fit. Shep-da (ym-)» Z*^*^^'- denoting improbability, would not ; [as, "la u ialeh ruh u'm shep-da lah."] Sheptieng, v. to be afraid of, to fear. Sher, -v. to plant in, to ram ; — u, n. a small fish in the hill streams called by that name. Sherkhang, v. to plant sticks crosswise in the way so as to obstruct it ; to set a barrier. Shot, V. to cook, to boil ; to deceive ; to plot , to conspire. Shet-kylla, v. to prepare a spiced curry ; to deal treacherously. Shet-jakai, v. to make a sham cooking as children do. Shet-thdi, v, to parboil.

195 SHET-KA-UM-KA-DING SHIKI\ 6het-ka-um-ka-ding, phr. to cook plainly {i.e., with water, salt* and chillies). Shngain, v. to feel safe, to feel quite at home. Shugiam, a. very tasty or palatable. Bhi-=^refix, which means one, Shi 1 int, fie I Shiah, 11, n. a thistle, a thorn. Shiah-buit, u, n. a briar. Sh'iap, u, n. sand. Same as shyiap. Shibhdr, n. a number containing 32 fruits (at Cherra) (used iu selling oranges.) Shibit, ad, in a short time ; — a. lasting for a short time. {Imtt. shibit-arbit.] — la shibit, after a short time. Shibriew, ka, n. one share, one vote. Shibiin, «. much, many ; — ad. very much. Shibyllai, «^. in large quantity or number, [as, " u la lum Ipa ka dieng shibyllai. "] Shibyllien, ad. in large number (of persons walking) ; [as, '• nga ioh-i shibyllien u briew u leit sha iing Kashari. "] Shibynta, ka, n. one portion. Shi-kaddei, ad. very much ; [as, *' nga sngewbha shikaddei ba phi la jop ha ka Eksamin. "J — exceedingly. •Shikar, a. profligate, licentious. Shi-katta, ad. all the while. Shikdw, n. a number containing 1280 or 16 pens (used with ties, cowries, and chillies) . Shikham, ka, n. a handful. Shikha-shi-man, (iadei-), n. to be related by marriage. Shikhem, ka, n. a ball of rice or earth, as much as could be grasped between the fingers and palm of the hand. *Sliikhep, ka, n, one occasion. Shikhmat, ka, n, life-time. 8hikhrum-ka-bneng, phr. the whole world, the whole lot. Shikhub, ka, n. a measurement equal to the breadth of four fingers. tShikia, ka, n. o, circular frame of cane or bamboo-tie suspended for putting in or carrying things. * Hindi. t Bengali.

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194 SHIKLAH SHI-MET Sliiklah, ka, n. an arm's length. Shikticn, ka, ft. a mouthful. Shi-kur, ka, n. one clan. \_Iinit. shikur-shikmie.] Shi-kuri, ki, 71. a number containing 20, a score* Shi-kuro, ka, n. a faction. Shikyntien, ka, n. a morsel ; a single word. Shida, a. innocent, simple, unsophisticated. Shi-dana, ka n. a bit, a little quantity. Shi-dur, a. of the same form or shape ; peculiar. Shi-rukom, a. sui g e fieri i, peculiar. Sh'ing, ka, n. a bone. \Imit. ka sh'ing-ka shrub.] — a cowrie a pice (when used after cardinal numbers); — w, n. a seed. Sanpiu as shyieng. Sh'ing-budlum, u, n. the spine. Shi-hali, ka, n. a number containing four. Shi-hara, ka, n. a set, a group of the same kind of things. Shi-hud, ka, n. one portion ; — ad. in one way ; [a-^, " ki dak jong u ba u thoh ki shu i-tynnad shihild.''^^ Shi-iing-shisem, ka, n. one family, one house. Shi-jhap, ka, n. a number containing 16 (applicable only to the number of children born) ; a quiverful. Shiliang, «. half, opposite, one side, (as in the words— sAf/xa»^mamla, shiliang-Avnow^, shiliavg-woh, etc.). Shiliang-khmat, ad. partially, dishonestly. Shiliang-shiliang, n. ea^h side, each party. - ' ^ Shilot, ka, n. Sylhet. Shi-lnger, ka, n. one whole length ; — ad. throughout tlie whole length ; uninterruptedly ; [as, " baroh shibiger ka jingim jong nga dap tang ka khuslai suda."J Shi-lymbher, kay n. one large heap. Shi-lynter, ka, 71, the whole length, one piece (cut off from a whole length). Shim, V. to take, to receive. Shim-bteng, v. to take the place of ; to continue ; to succeed to. Shim-khyndew, v. to wane (said of the moon). Shi-mat, k^, n. one joint, a portion between two joints. Shi-met, ad. personally, [as, " u briew ialade hi shimei u lak ba'n ioh bdm kumno kumno ruh.]"

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X95 SHIMI SHI-TDA I Shimi, kO'i «, a chemise. Shim-shah, v. to buy a thing sm credit. [Imit. shim-shah-shim sham. ] Shim-siew, v. to take a thing by paying its cost price. Shi-mynsiem, ad. dearlv, intimately, [" as, ki ia ieit shi-mynsiem bad u."] Shin, (peit-), ad, scrutinously, searchingly, [as, ** u briew hynne u peit-shin ia uwei u khynnah.] *Shini, ha, n. sugar. Shipa, ka^ n. need, want, trouble. [Imit. shipa-shipi.] Ship^d, kay n. a length as much as can be clasped or embraced with both outstretched arms. ^ Shipki, Ui n. a sepoy, a soldier ; — pavg-shipai, influenza. Shiphang, ad. for a short time, for the time being, [as, " phi sngewbha ba'n ap hangne shiphang.^'] Shiphah, kat n. a measure=:l spoonful of iron-ore=2 of a lump sold in the market. Shi-piam, ka, n. a length— as much as can be passed round with both the arms ; a clasp. Shi-piam-star, ka, n. a length— as much as can be passed round with a head-strap or " star.'* Shipung, ka, n. a length — from one joint to another. Shir, ka, n. an open handful of things, as much as will fill up the hollow of a hand. *Shira, Uj iu parched rice. Sh • f * f ^j *^- ^ small black bird having a long forked- tail Shi-ryn-ieng, ad. from head to foot. Shisien, ad. once, at one time. Shish ! Inter] . fie ! Shisha, a. true, real, — ad. indeed, of course. Shisyndon, ad. at once. Shit, a. hot, warm, close. [Imit. ka shit-ka syang.] Sh'it, V. to pinch, to nip. Same as shyit. Shi-tda, ka, n. a length measured from the tip of the thumb to that of the middle finger when both are stretched out. * Hindi.

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196 SHIT-DANG SHLIR Shit-dang, v. to feel very hot (applicable to persons only). Shiteng, «. half — n, once. \Innt. shiteng-shiliang.] Shiteng-ar-teng, ha^ n. more than one occasion, often. Shiteng-synnia, haba^ n. midnight. l^Imit. shiteng-synnia shiteng-dummoh.] *Shithi, ka, n. a letter, an epistle. Shithoh, ha, n. a very small quantity, {Jiit. as much quantity as can be taken with the tip of the finger); [as, " ym donmliih ha iing shithoh ruh."] Shidr, ad. devotedly, much (given to), [as, "u khla ba u*n da lah ba'n ioh te shitir kein ia ka miaw,"] Shit-lhep, ) V. to be close (atmosphere) ; to become oppressively Shit-lhop, 3 hot. Shitom, ka, n. trouble, pain, difficulty. [^Imit. shitom-shijot.] tShitor, (kha-), ka,n.2i large flat fish. Shit-rhem, v. to become glowingly hot, to become zealous or enthusiastic. Shi-tyllup, ad. all over, [as, " baroh shi-tyllup ka pyrthei ki tip ba don u nongthaw ia ka pyrthei."] Shi wait, ka, n. one sweep of the sword ; one score or throwing of the dice in gambling. Shiwat, ad. once, on one occasion, — n. a single string of a necklace or string. Shla, V. to be angry, to be indignant. Shlkn, V, to dare, to venture. Slilan, ka, n. a plant whose leaves resemble those of a pineapple plant. {Bot. Pandamus.) Shlei, v. to overflow. Shleifi-shlein, (nep-), ad. pointed, [as, "ki rah la ki dieng kiba ne'p shleiri-s/ilem^']; — «. forward; impudent. Shlem, ka, n. a smelting-house, an ii'on- workshop. Shier, (nep-), ad, very (long and pointed), [as, "u sum uba nep shier:'] *Shlim, ka, n. a small earthen cup fitted to a hookah for smokin g {Beng. kholki). Shlir, (nep-), ad. very (pointed), taperingly. * Hindi. I t Bengali.

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197 SHL0lf5 SHONG-DOR Shloin, (mill-), ad. promiuently (appear); [as, "uprek u tarn ahloih shabar."] Shlur, a. bmve, courageous, daring. Shmoh, w, n. {Bot.) Tlectucomia; a species of cane. Shmoiii, ) (dap-), ad. up to the brim (full), [as, " wat theh eh ka Smoin, ) um ha ba'ii da dap s/^mom."] Shmuin, ad. visibly (appear), [as, " ki reug ki la paw shmuifi.^^] Shna, V. to make, to construct, to build. Shnat, ka, n. quarters, division of a country. \^Irnit. ka shnatka kuna.] Shnet, ka, n. a fin. Shniah, u, n. a mason's chisel; — v. to chisel out. Shniuh, w, n. hair, fur. Shnong, ka, ti. a village, a town. [ImU. ka shnong-ka thaw.] Shong, V. to sit, to settle. [ Imit. shong-sah.] Shong-basa, v. to live as a lodger or stranger. [ImiL shong-basashougbasuin.J Shongkai, v. to sit for pleasure or for gossip ; to be on a visit. [Imit. shongkai-shong-iclid.] Shong-kha, v. to marry. [Tmit. shongkha-shongman.] Shongksaw, v. to be lucky, to be experienced. Shongksuid, v. to have evil spirits ; to be possessed. [Imit. shongksiiid-shongkhrei.] Shongkulai, v. to ride a horse. Shongkun, v. to have a fascinating or dignified appearance. Shongkur, v. to marry a member of the same clan, which is considered incestuous. [Imit. sbongkur-shongsang.] Shongkurim, v. to marry, [Imit. shongkurim-shongkupai.] Shongkyllaifi-mungor, v. to sit cross-legged, to sit like a native tailor.] Shongkyrndi, v. to sit, (without moving) on the same place. Shongkyrni, v. addicted to. Shongkyrthai, v. to squat in the same place, to be firmly seated. Shonkynrong, v. to sit on the heels, to squat. Shong-dor, v. to be worth. [Imit. shong-dor-shongmur] ; to sit with body bent. 8hong-dur, a, becoming, proper.

19S SHONG-LYNG-NGEIT SHOH-TYNDEP Shong-lyng-ngeit, v. to sit with the whole weight of the body. Shong-mangkariang, a. bad tempered, envious. Shong-nia, a, reasonable, right. Shong-niang-raitliang, a. having an envious spirit, {lit. to be aifected with tapeworm). Shong-fiiangrait-hoh, a. having an ill temper. Shong-per, a. to become light-minded, to be flippant. Shongprah-shongshang, arL to a very old age. [It is a custom among some of the Khasis to place very old people in a basket, hence the meaning of the word.] Shong-rait-hoh, a. stingy, niggard. Shongsang, v. to contract an incestuous marriage. Shongsah, v. to sit in the same place, to remain permanently, to abide. Shong-sngi, v. to be off one's work, to rest. Shongshan, v. to have an unpleasant or sinister appearance. Shong-shiliangkhmat, a. having second sight. Shongsynran, v. to act as a bride's man or bride's miid. Shongsynri, v. to be visited with the sin of any one who acts treacherously against any member of his clan. Shongsynrop, v. to sit close together. Shong-thap, v. to settle temporarily in any place and not as a citizen ; to sojourn. [Imit. shongtbap-shongbiang.] Shoh, V. to beat ; [^Imit. shoh-dat.] — a. pleasing, touching, affectShoh-dap, v. to castrate (a bull). Shoh-doh, V. to kill an animal for food. [Bnlt. shohdoh-shohkah.] Shoh-dohkha, v. to poison fish. [Imii. shoh-doh kha-shohdohthli.] Shoh-'niangkur, v. to sacrifice a pig and to summon all the members of the same clan to come together in one house to partake of it. Shoh-noh, v. to commit murder for the propitiation of ** u Thlen" \_Imit. shoh-noh-shoh-tuh.] Shoh-samthiah, v. to drowse. Shoh-thah, ka, n. a robin-red breast ; — a. smitten with frost. Shoh-thdw, V. to work in iron, to work as a blacksmith. Shoh tyndep, v, to confoundj to mislead, to bewitch.

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199 SHOHSHKOR SHCH Shohshkor, ka, n. an earring. Shoifi, ad. to the brim (full) ;— /, n. a very small bird. Shon, V. to press, to impress, to print. Shop, V, to thrust out, to oust; to thresh (rice, millet, etc.) , to husk a second time. Shrak, ") (ieng-), ad. in order, in a row, [as, "ki shipai ki ieng Shi-iak, j shi\ik ha kyrkit/'] Shrang, a. dry, parched (earth or weather) . Shrah, ha, n. arable land, fallow land. Shrat, V. to clear off th^ scales of a fish by means of a daw or other sharp instrument. Shreng, u, n. the fin on the back of a fish ; the rind of a jackfruit or of such like-fruit ; spine, prickle. Shrei, ad. appearing in great numbers, as eggs or teeth, [as, " dap da ki pyileng ksi j^m ha ka khlieh jong u"; "u rkhie sAm ia nga kumba rkhie u bieij "J; — abundantly. Shrem, ad. many (standing prominently), [as, ''u ong ba ki mih kynsan 5 ngut shrem ki nongshohnoh ha lynti."] Shri, V. to show the teeth, to grin. Shriak, (ieng-), ad. well (arranged), in order, [as, **u pynieng shriaJc ia ki pliang ki luta ha ka ahuari."] Shrieh, n. a monkey, an ape. Shiiew, ka, 11. an arum-root. Shrip, ka, n. a basket put in'the stream for catching fish. Shrong, ka, n. a carved-margin, ornamental work. \_Imit. ka shrong-ka shrub.] Shroin, a. brittle. Shrop, ad. all at once, (applicable to money — being a form of onomatopsea), [as, " u slew baroh 20 tyngka shrop na ka bynta ka ram ki briew."] Shrut, V. to seize with the teeth ; to gnaw, — w, n. a cigar. Shtah, V. to dress a stone with a masons chisel or a piece of wood with an adze or dao. Same as stah. Shu, ad. just, only ; — v. {Imper.) to set a dog upon. Shuki, ka, n. a chau\ Shukor, V. to deceive, to cheat, — a. treacherous. SJiiih, ad. again, further more; — v. (Imper.) get away, get aside ; wait ! (menacing), I will see you!

200 shOhshuwa shylluit Shubshuwa, ph\ wait for the present. Shuin, V. to touch, to come in contact with ; to press upon. Shum ! Inter'], there you are ! Shun, V. to hate, to be inimical with. {Imit. shiin-pen.] *Shun, Jca, n. lime. Shun-kot, Tea, n. catechu. '' -Shun-kpu, ka, n. slaked lime. Shun-dewiong, ka, n. lime burnt with coal. Shun-dieng, ka, n. lime burnt with wood. ' Shun-maw, ka, n. unslaked lime, quick lime. Shiin-thlongmluh-thlongsying, phr. to cherish a bitter inimical spirit, to be at dagger's drawn. Shun ym pat pei, la paw pen ryngkew, phr. to have the real nature of a person exposed prematurely. Shur, V. to press forward. *Shuri, ka^ n. a long knife, a dagger. Shut, V. to sharpen, to whet ; to hotly discuss. *Shutak, ka, n. a chatak or j^ of a seer. *Shuti, ka, n. a dirty thing, a base thing, [Imit. shuti-shuwai]; a holiday; any underhand work. Shuwa, ad. first, before, previously, beforehand. Shw^r, ka, n. an evil spirit known by that name and believed to possess certain clans in the Khasi Hills ; she is supposed to attack people by convulsive fits. [^Imit. ka shwdr-ka tyngkieng.] • Shyngkhan or (shyngkhen) , v. to be in a fix or dilemma ; to be between Scylla and Charybdis. Shyngkup, ka, n. the first room of a Khasi house ; an enclosed porch. Shyng-iar, ka, n. a jet of water, a stream of water, a fountain. Shyng-6id, ka, n. a manger. Shyllangmat, ka, n. the brow. Shylliah, ka, n. a mat. \_Imit. ka shylliah-ka tlieng.] Shyllip-nud, ka, n. the pit of the stomach. Shylluit, V. to bloom. * Hiadi,

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\ 201 SHYM SIaK Shym, «=s a particle used with negative verbs in the past tense, as "lira shym lah ba'n kren,'* Shympet, ka^ n, a carbuncle, Shympriah'ti, ka, n. a finger. ^Shympriah'jat, ka, n. a toe, Shymprong, u, n. a prawn, a shrimp. Shyndiid, (leh-), ad, poutingly, sulkily. Shynna, adv, conspicuously, clearly. Shynn^i, ka, n. the afterbirth or placenta. Shynrang, u^ n. a male ; a pipe. Shynrang-kjat, ka, n, the shins. Shynrdi, u, n. turmeric. Shynraifi, (-i), noble, grand, dignified. Shynrain, ka, n. a dried small twig. [Imit. shynraifi-shynriah] — v. to cut jokes, to flirt. [Imit. shynrain — tyng-in.] Shynreh, n. a buffalo. Shynriah'ti, (same as shympriah'ti), finger. Shynrong, ka, n, a skull, an egg-shell ; the timber frame of a roof. Shynroin, a. beautifully set (teeth) . Shynroin-riap, a. possessing winning manners ; sociable. \_Imit shy nroin-shynriap . ] Shyntur, A;«, w. a mouth, a word. Shyrkait, ka, n. the groin. Shyrkhei, v, to set the teeth on edge ; to be dreadful. Shyrpet, ka, n. the fat oily part of a fish. Shyrti, v. to clear the jungle for cultivation ; to j hum. Shyrtong, u, n. a crest (of a fowl or bird). Shyrwat, u, n. (see shirwat). *si, n. (1) ahbrev. of "masi'*=a cow or bull; (2) ahbrev. oi *'ksi" =head vermin. *Sia, ka, n. ink ; — ad. devotedly. Siak, (belt-), ad. straight on, [as, "ka lynti ka beit siak nangne haduh shnong."] * Hindi,

202 SIANG 'SI-KHARJ Siang, ka^ n, a spoon;— t;. to spread a cloth or a mat; to pave ; (as, siang mdw); to fall down from the sky, like a paper-kite ; to offer an oblation to the spirit of the dead. S'iang, a. high (pitch). Same as syiang. Siang-tyrpeng, ka, n, the shoulder-blade. Siah, V. to pare, to cut. Sian, a. clever, intelligent. Sianti, a. cunning, precocious, clever. S'ian, (dap-), ad. full, [as, " u sein-iong u leit kyllain syian ha lyeit u rishot."] Same as syian, Siap, V. to insert. Siar, V. to sharpen a daw or knife with a small hone ; — ka, n treachery between the members of the same clan or house. *siar, {ahhrev. of "ksiar"), ka, n. gold, (as, ka siar sla, ka siar tyllij S'iar, n. a cock, a hen, a fowl, (same as syiar). Siarkait, ka, n. a plantain-flower; a work like a plantain-flower, 'siarkha, ka, n. a wristlet (ornamental and hollow ones), 'siarkhang, ka, n. an earring resembling the shape of a fan. Siar-long-kha, u, n. any treacherous act affecting the father or his relatives. Siar-shrong, ka,n. a kind of earring worn by males, 'siar-sla, ka, n. gold leaf. 'siar-tylli, ka, n. solid gold ; a solid gold earring. Sia-sia, ad. in anger and in a threatening attitude. Sia-shi-sia, ad. unceasingly, constantly, [as, " u bam sia-shi-sia ia ka ja ha ba'n da lut shi khiew."] ' Siat, V. to shoot, to infect. Siat-jingmut, v. to strike one's mind. Siat-shon-shiw, v. to tread on the corns of another. Siat-thong, (ia-) , v. to have a shooting match. Siaw, V. to wliistle. Sidw-maw-iang, "v. to teach one a hard lesson. Siaw-siaw, ad. in a whisper. \_Imit. siaw-siaw-soit-soit.] 'si-kliar, ka, n. a small cow imported from the plains and consi-^ dered to be of inferior kind.

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203 'SI-KHYNNA 'SING-MASTIEH si-khynna, ka, n. a hill cow, a cow bred in the Khasi Hills considered to be of superior quality to that of the plains. Sied, V. to pounce upon, to spring upon. Sieng, a. smelling like snuff or chillies. Sieh, v. to plant, to drive in ; — ka, n. the afterbirth, the placenta. Siej, u. or ka^ n. bamboo. \Imit. u siej-u skong.] S'iem, n. a king, a chief, any member of a Siem family. \Imit. u S'iem-u kmie.] same as syiem. S'iem-iong, u, n. a term applied to the S'iem of Nongspung. S'iem-lieh, u, n. a term applied to the S'iem of Nongkhlaw. S'iem-sad, ka, n. the eldest or the youngest female member of the kS'iem's family, who has the charge of sacrificial ceremonies. S'iem-Shillong, n. the original name by which the Siems of I Khyrim (Nongkrem and Mylliem) were called, it is still used by the country people. Sien, V. to adorn, to deck, to put on as a flower. — Sien, (sufS.x)= time; as, shis^e;^=once, ars^Vfi, etc. Siep, V. to swell, to bulge out. Sier, n. a deer, a samhur\—v. to turn the insides of entrails out and clean them. Si^w, V. to pay. {Imii. siew-tda.] 'slew, {ahbrev. of " ksiew"), n. a grandchild. Biew-baibat, v. to buy in ready money, to buy in cash. Siewspah, v. to redeem, to compensate. [^Imit. siewspah-siewphew.] . *siew-tun, n. a greatgrandchild. [Imit. u 'siewtun-u siewjiap.] fSing, w, n. a lion. S'ing, n, ginger, (same as sping), 'sing, {abbrei). of "ksing"), ka, n, a drum. *sing-dum-dum, 'sing4ynghai, 'sing march, = the diflferent ways of drum-beatings in a Khasi female dance. *sing'dymphong, ka, n, a small musical instrument made with soft split reeds and played as a drum. fSing-mana, ka, n. boundary, 'sing-mastieh, 'sing-shadwait, = the different ways of beating a drum in a sword dance of males. t Bengali.

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204 SING-NAKRA SLANG 'sing-nakra, ka^ n. a big drum. 'sing-nalai, ka, n. a long conical drum like a tom-tom. 'sing-padiah, Tca^ n. a small drum. — Sih (suffix) =foul, indecent, bad, unpleasant, [as, kren-se/z, lehsihi sngew-s«7i, etc.] *si-lud, w. a young cow or bull. *si-lyngraw, n. a young-bull. Sim, n. a bird. [Imit. ka sim-ka doh.] *si-mdd, ka, n. a bed-bug. 'si-met, ka, n. an insect-mite {gama-sidae)^ vermin which infests fowls. Sim-krai, i, n, a small bird resembling a lark. Sim-kyllai-dohdit, ?, w. a wag-tail. Sim-ldi-dieng, t, n. a meddlesome and talkative fellow. Sim-puhdieng, n. a creeper (bird). Sim-puhwieh, ) , . , , Sim-ktieh f ' ^' ^ ^^^P®' ^ woodcock. Sim-pyllieng, «, w. the rainbow. • Sim-sohphoh, w, w. a hoopoe, a fop. Sim-tung, m, «. a blackbird. Bim-tyngwieng, u, n. water-ouzel ; a man who makes much show of his turban, a fop. Sin, V. to nickname. [Imit. sin-rngop.] Sip, V. to break a thing, as an acorn, between the front teeth. Sip-sip-sap-sap, ad, in an underhand way, not openlyi S'ir, a. to feel giddy ; to be afraid of. Same as syier, Sisa, kat n. lead. Sisia, ka, n. wild cinnamon. Cassia. S'it, (used with "la-"), ad. evening, night-time. Same as syit* Siw-siw, (khriat-) adi very (cold). Siw-siw-siaw-siaw, ad. Whisperingly. Sid, ka, n. a leaf, a surface, a page. Slak, (dait*), ad. firmly, [as, " kane ka lyntang ka leit stak hangne."J glang, ka, n, a small bird.

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m SLAIT SNAD Slait, ad. tightly, well (fit), [as, " kine ki juti ki biang sZazY ha nga."] Sla'jat, ka, n. the sole. Slap, u, n. rain. Sla'ti, ka, n. the palm. Sleh, V. to anoint, to wash (the head). [Imit. sum-sleh.] JSleit, ka, n. a slate. Slem, a. long, late. Slew, ka, V. kind of palm-tree whose leaves are generally used in making leaf-nmhrellas. {£ot. Licuala.) Sliang, V. to thirst. Sliah, V. to detach, to take off (as a spear head from its handle) ; to denude. Slieng, V. to put on the loin cloth. Bliew, V. to blow wind into, to kindle a fire. Sloit, V. to detach off, to come off as a knife from its handle. Slor, V. to come off, as hair. Slung, ka, n. a lock-up in which lunatics are confined in the Khasi HiUs. Sma, V. to hare a bad smell, to smell. Smak, ad. smartly, (beat), fas, "u thap smah na ka khlieh.'^J Smai, V. to swear, to take an oath. \^Imit. smai-spot.] Smaintien, v. to wash the lips. Smat, a. active, smart. Smep, a J. in a large bundle (as herbs), [as, **u wallam u jhur shi Smiar, (dap-), «d to the biim, [as, **ka pipa ka dap da ka um _Smiej, V. to feel ticklish, to feel dreadful. Smoin, (dap-), ac^. to the brim, [as, "dap smoin ka um ha ka pipa."] Smom-smom, "i flf^. very (soft as wool), [as, **nga kum ktah ia Smop-smop, j kaei kata kaba jem smom-smom.''^ Sbur ' \ ^' ^^^^ ^^ ^^^» ^^^^ ^^ manute. Snad, ka, n. a comb, (same as snat) . I English*

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206 SNAH SOH-AMIRPHOR Snah, a. to be expert in climbing up or sitting on a tree, a rock, a horse, etc., [as, '•uba snah kiew dieng ; uba snah shongkuMi."] Sndi, a. tired, irksome. Snaiap, n. a spirit, a ghost, a wraith ; — ban snaiap, incubus. Snait, ka, n. a strainer. Snam, ka, n. blood. [Imit. ka sndm-ka ksuit.] Snap, ka,n. a, relic, remaining articles. Snar, u. n. a wedge ; a hard and seasoned wood, the heart (of a tree). Sneng, v. to reprove, to correct, to advise. [Imit. sneng-krdw.] Snem, ka, n. a year, an evil-spirit who brings on headache and other diseases ; cholera. Snep, ka, n. a bark, a rind, a cover. Snep-k6r, ka, n. a cocoanut. Sn^r, ka, n. a feather. Sni, ka, n. a sting ; —v. to cherish a revengeful spirit. Suing, ka or u, n. a. tree of the oak family. Sniang, n. a pig. Snieh, ka, n. a skin, a hide, a leather. Snieh-doh, ka, n. complexion, appearance. Snier, ka, n. entrails, bowels, limit, ka snier-ka snap.] Sniew, a. bad, evil, wicked. [Imii, sniew-smeh.] Sniew-bok, a. unlucky. Sniew- jew, a. very ugly. Sni-riang-ksiar, \ u, n. a god of the Synteng people located in a Soni-riang-ksiar, ) plantain tree or shrub near a dwelling house. Snob, V, to cling to, to adhere, to hang on. Snuid, ka, n. a grove ; corrugation. Snur, ka, n. a cleavage, a crack, a seam. Smir-thapbawa, ka, n. a spider's web. Sok, «. equal to the occasion, faithful* Song, v. to pack, to tie up ; — ka, n. the horn (trumpet), a bundle. Soh, V, to cling, to adhere, to bear fruit;— «, w* a fruit. [Imit. u soh-u pdi, u soh-u syntiew.] goh-amirphor, w, n, a fabulous fairy fruit*

207 SOH.BAINGON SOH-JEW •Soh-baingon, «, n, brinjal. Soh-ben, m, n, a very palatable fruit eaten after being cooked, and resembling in shape the core of a mangoe-fruitlstone. Sohblei, u, n. a sacrificer or Puja maker, who is held sacred for the time being. Soh-brdi, u, n. a small sour fruit with a hard seed. Sohbrap, Uf n. a wild edible fruit having a thick rind and a reddish pulpy substance inside. Soh-brap-phareng, «, n. passion flower, passiflora. Soh-broi, u, n. sljx Indian jujube, a Chinese date-plum. Soh-byrthit, u, n. a shrub, the flower or fruit of which sticks to the clothes coming in contact with it. Sohkhalit, ad. by a lucky turn of events, per chance, [as, " sohkhalit lashai la jop ki Jap ia ki Eus."] Sohkhaw, u, n. a grain of rice ; — ka ha'm sohkhdw (phr.) useless. Sohkhaw-ryndang, u, n. the throat. Soh-khdw-iong, u, n. blackberry. Sohkhia, u, n. a, cucumber ; the dewlap of a cow. Sohkhliang, ka, n. a scar. Sohkhlur, w, w. a small sour fruit about the size of a pea. Sohkhroh, ") -n. j i. - ^ i Sohkhruhi > ^' P^^*^^' ^^'^^^o pockmarks. Sohkhruh-sohkhr^m, a. rugged, rough. Sohkhrut-sohkhret, a. not smooth, rough. Sohkhyllum, «, n. a sour fruit resembling a guava. Sohkjup, u, n. the flower of a hedge shrub containing honeyjuice. Sohkpu, u, n. bread fruit. Soh-kynphor, u, n. a papaya. Soh-kyrsiew, u^ n, a tuber of a certain creeper about the size of a plum which is cooked and eaten ; a kind of wild potato. Soh-kwit, u, 11. a, citron. Soh-kyrbam, u, n. chalita. Soh-ngang, u, n. a small bitter brinjal, {Bat. solanvm indicum). Soh-iong, Uy n. the Khasi cherry. {Bot. prunus ferruginea). Soh-jew, w, n. sour fruit, lime. [Jmi^. sohjew-sohsat.] * Hindi,

208 SOH.JHALIA SOH^IANGRIANG Soh-jyllih, «, n. a lime fruit of very good quality obtained from Jowai. Soh-jymbuin, u, n, teat, nipple. Soh-lang, ti, n. small wild fruit growing in bunches and much liked by children and birds. Soh-lah, u, n. a kind of black potato, potato. Soh-lap6r, «, n. the fruit of a small palm. Soh-lew, M, w. a fruit used in poisoning fish. Soh-liang, u, n. a wild poisonous fruit about the size of a lemon, the stones of which are washed, cut and eaten. {Bot. Guno Oardia odorata). Soh-li-ia, w, «. a small sour fruit with a rough outside, the bark of the tree of which yields a black colour used in dyeing earthenware. {Bot. Myrica Nagi.) Sohlong, u^n. di, lemon. Soh-lyngdkhur, «, n. a mulberry. Soh-lyngkait, u, n. a plaintain-like fruit of a certain wild creeper. Sohma, u, n. small grain-like fruits growing in bunches, the out-* side of which is covered with a sour white substance resembling hoarfrost, (it is used as a medicine in dysentery). Sob- mad, w, n. a kind of citron, the leaves and rind of which have a very agreeable sweet smsU. Soh-manir, u, n. litchee. Sohmliih, ii, n. Indian plum. Sohmrit, m, n. black pepper. Sohmyngken, m, n. chilli, red pepper. Soh-myngng6r, u, n, a shaddock or pomel. Soh-mylleng, w, n. a sour wild fruit very common in the Bhoi country, after eating which water tastes very sweet. Soh-myndong, w, n. a common lime. Soh-myntait, u, n. a wild fruit as big as a bread fruit. Soh-nepbah, u, n. the fruit of a certain shrub used as a bait for fish (very common by the roadside). Sohiiiangriang, w, n. a fruit of the lemon kind and of a sweetish taste.

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209 S0H5;iAMtRA ' SOH-SHANG Sohniamtra, w, n. an orange. (Same as so7i myntra.) Soh-ot, 11, n. an acorn wliicli is eaten by the people. Sohpyrdali, v. to cling to a thing as a liulook does to a branch of a tree ; to hold the hands at the back of the head. Soh-padoi, v. to rock, to swing. Soh-pai, ti, n. a fruit which looks like lime, but which has a sweetish taste. Soh-pailen, «, n. water-fungus. Soh-pairah, ti, n. a fruit used for washing clothes, Kind, Kitha 5 {Bot. Sapinclus Mukorrosi). Soh-pdok, II, n. a small berry; tomato. Soh-pdung, ka, n. the big tubercular root of a certain plant used as a target in archery matches ; a butt. Soh-pen, «, n. a wild earth-nut. Soh-pet, u, n. the navel ; the ends of a twisted string. Soh-phan, ii, n. a jack-fruit. Sohphi, u, 72. a sour fruit about the size of a plum having a rough outside. Sohphlang, w, n. an edible root, {Bot. Fleming ia vesliia). Sohphoh, II, n. a wild apple, a crab, {Bot. Ptjni^s granulata). Sohphoh-Nongkhhiw, it, n. pear. Soh-pieng, u, n. a mango. Soh-pong, u, n. species of fig. Soh-prew, u, n. a species of fruit of a creeper, the cultivated variety of which is used as a vegetable ; {Bot. Luff a (Egyptiaca). Soh-pri-am, u, n. a guava. Soh-pyrshit, u, n. a small black fruit, used by some as a fish-bait, and also for making ink. Soh-pyrshong, u, n. a kind of fruit, — Assamese kamranga ; {Bot, A v err ho a caramhola). Sohra, ka, n. Cherra punji ; — a. bearing scanty fruits. Soh-ramdieng, n, n. a small fruit; {Bot. Baccauria saplda) {Beng. latka). Soh-ryngkham, u, n. a very small eatable fruit of a shrub. Suhsat } ^" ^^ ^"*^ entangled, to be in trouble. Soh-shang, z^, n, a sour red fruit about the size of an apricot.

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210 SOH-SHANGLEW " SORSHISOR Soli-slianglew, ii, n. the fruit of a shrub resembling an areca nut* The shrub is found all over the Bhoi country, Sohshtin, li, n. a strawberry. Sohshnong, ic, n. one who is not a citizen oE a State or Tillage, a stranger, an alien. \_Imit, soh shnong-sohthaw.] Sohshur, w, w. a wild pear. Sohs'iem, u, n. an alien, a foreigner. [Imit. u sohsyiem-u sohtaug.] a small species of orange but not so sweet. Soh-sning, ) „ „ ^« Soh-stap, S "• "■ ^" ^"^^ 6oh-trun, w, n. a pine-apple. Soh-tyngkoh, v, to limp. Soh-tyntoi, w, n, a tamarind. Soi, V. to sign a name ; to pare with an adze or hoe ;—

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211 SOT STING Sot, V, to catch, as with the tips of the fingers, to pick out. fSotti, a. pure, chaste. Sotsakular, ka^n.^i, solemn promise. (Same as *' soskular.") Spah, ka, n. wealth, riches. \^Imit, ka spah-ka j)hew.] Spain, V. to bandage, to swathe. Spar, Ui n. a prickly bamboo ; — Jca spar, a trap which a wild animal on touching a string is pierced by an arrow or spike. Speh, Uy n. a prick, a spike. Spel, V. to commit to memory, to spell. Sping, kat ft. a handle. Spit, w, n, a very small species of bamboo very good for making ties. Spong, V. to put on a turban. Spiid-san, a. to be on the way to maturity, to be in the stage of growing (said of persons only) . Spur, ka, n. a coarse country cotton cloth. Spud, V. reduced in size, applicable to persons only. St^d, a, wise, clever, learned. [Imit. stad-nang,]— w, n, a learned man. [Imit. u stad-u jhad.] Stang, a. thin. Stai, (lap-), V. to wither. StM, (shi-) n. a heap. Stait, u, n. chaff, husk ; — v. to be reduced. Star, u, n. Qt head strap made of cane. Stein, u, n. the fibre obtained from a bark of a tree used for making thread and rope. {Bot. ViUehrunia integri folia) . Stem, a. yellow. Step, ka, n. morning. Step-phyrngap, ad. early in the morning. Stet, ad. fast, quickly, (as, " ka rel ka laid stet shibiin.") Stew, u, n. a short reed or ekra. Sti, V. to become dry or wrinkle, to shrivel. Stieh, ka, n. a shield. [ImU. ka stieh-ka wait.] Sting, a. light, not heavy. t Bengali.

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212 STIR SUH-SIENG Stir, Us n. a mud partition in a paddy field which separates one bed from another ; isle. Stoug, M, n. a sod, turf. Stoi, ) ad, well (heaped up), (as, '* u ei ha lum stuiig ia u khynStung, ) dew kumne ?") Suha, V. to suspect; — adj. clean, (of persons only). \_Imit. sabsuba.) Suba-ni, ad. fastidiously clean. Suk, a. happy, contented. \_Imit. suk-saifi.] Suka, ka, n, a four-anna piece, a s%H^ one- fourth of a rupee. Suki, a. slow, gradual. \Im'Lt. suki-suloi.] Slid, V. to take off, to pull out (as grain from a bunch.) fSudu, Ui n. a fool, a simpleton. Suda, a. empty, vacant; — ad. entirely, wholly, only (as, "nga ehem tang ka shitom suda.") Sudakor, ") ■, , Bydakor, j "' "■ " ''■'^'•^^^^^Suh, v. to sew, to thrust ; [ImiL suh-thain] ; to suffer from colio or throes. [Imit. suh-thar]; to deal in an underhand way. Suhbudkhia, kaba, n. a back-stitching. Suh-buit, V. to incite, to plot. Siih-khun, v. to be in labour. Suh-khylliap, kaha, n. hemming. Suh-kyndang, v. to pass a string or thread or stick through the body of a thing ; to string pieces of meat together. Siih-dong, v. to stretch far inland or into another's kingdom. Siih-jut, V. to have false pains. Suh-jyllai, v. to have intermittent or neuralgic pains. Suh-jyndong, v. to have dysury ; ka, n. difficult urination. Suh-mar-iap, v. to make the last effort, to plunge into any enterprise as the last resource ; to hazard. Siih-ot, ka, n. dysentery. Siih-pynpur, kaba, n. a running-stitch. Suh-sat, V. to be entangled, to suffer troublej^-y?. ka^ calamity. Suh-sieng, a. very pungent (smell). t Hindi.

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213 SI^H-SYNRI SUM Siih-synri, kaha, n. the pain caused by the contractiou of the womb after childbirth. Suh-tak, kaha, n. a long temporary stitch, a tack. Suh-thiecl, v. to take root. Sdh-tok, V. to throw gently (as in playing with cowries). Siih-tyngka, v. to bribe. *suid, {ahbrev. of "ksiiid"), n. an eyil-spirit, a devil. Suid-khai, v. to care, to take heed (used with ym). *suid-kynta-maramj il, n. the evil spirit who brings on headache. 'siiid-ngon, \ it, n. the evil spirit who attacks people in their even'suid-briew, ) ing or morning walk characterised by a stabbing pain in the sides or by hoarseness. 'suid-lam-iap, u, n. the executor of God's decree to carry away the souls of men ; he is represented as a gigantic being and wearing long dishevelled hair, each of whose teeth is as big as an axe. 'suid-nia, ^^, n. the spmt of the first grand maternal uncle of the clan. Suid-niew, v. to care (used negatively with ym). 'suid-tynjang, «, n. a lame demon who lives in the jungle and is known by his call of " kaw-hoit — kaw-hoit"; it is believed that any one who calls out in response to his call is attacked by him and tickled to death. 'suid-um, ih n, the evil spirit who attacks women and causes miscarriage or sterility. Suin, kcti 11. the sky, an atmosphere. Suit, V. to pour as a libation; to gild. [_Imit. suit-shor.] 'suit, {ahhrev. of "ksuit"), ka, n> matter from a sore or wound; pus. Suit, V. to pour some water into the fire in order to put it out. 'suit-nam, ha, n. matter mixed with blood. ^ 'suitan, see " Soitdn." Sule, V. to be useful ; to be fit. Suloi, ka, n. a gun. \Imit. ka suloi-ka man.] Suloi-shamok, ka, n. a matchlock. Sulom, u, n. dandriff on the face. Sum, V. to bathe. \Imit. sum-sleh.] Slim) v, to spear, to lance, to hurl.

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214 SUMAR SYNGKAi Sumar, v. to take care of, to be careful. [Imit. sumar-sukhdr.] Sunod, ka, n. a sanad or appointment parwana. Sup, tt, n, a big basket for putting in grain, etc. Supdok, ad. short and stout, (as, " i briew iba lyngkot supdoh *'). Suphu, (heh-), ad. bulky, (as, "u briew uba beb suphu.") Supiw, ad. with fat and sunken eyes, (as, '' u briew uba dam supiw ki khmat.") *Sur, ka, n. tune, voice, sound,^—si55r, v. to blow the nose. Siir, V. to stitch the mouth of a sack. Sur-ang, v. to cover the mouth of an overfull sack with leaves, and.; then to stitch it, leaving it partially open. Sur-dam, v. to stitch so as to close an opening or rent. Sur-eitmat, v. to have the eye glued with eye-pus... Sur-eitmut, v. to blow the nose. Suri, w. a wolf. Surik, V. to conspire or secretly consult with. Surok, ka, n. a road. Sur-thapbawa, r. to be covered with spider's web. Sut, ka^ n, interest. Slit, V. to pull gently ; to drag. Suwai, Ut V, particles of dust or sand. Suwan, a. satisfied, complete. Suwaga, w, n. borax. Suwara, w, n. saltpetre. Suware, ad. perfunctorily. Swdi, a. frail, weak, infirm. Swait, V. to fly about, to hover, to prowl ; watching for opportunities, to be on the look-out. Swar, V. to cross-examine. Sybak, {see sbak), ad. with a thud (as, "nga thdp abak na ka ngdp.") Syboh, (same as sboh), ka^ ;?. manure, adhesive froth. [ J?wtV. ka sboh-ka sbur.] Sydang, v. to begin, to commence, (same as sdang), Syngkdi, ka, n. the waist ; the loins. * Hindi, ~

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^15 SYNGKAI-BAMON SYMPARAt Syngkai-bamon, u, n. a god who causes people to die by a violent death, as ia battle, by a tiger, etc. Syngken, ka, n. an uncle's (maternal) .wife. Syngken-kurim, ka, n. mother-in-law. Syngket, ka, n, a precipice. Syngkha, ka, n. an armlet. Syngkhien, v. to prop — ka^ n. a pillow. *Syngkhin, ka, n. a bayonet. Syngkhlieh, ka, n. a pillow. Syngkhor, v. to snore. Syngngeit, v, to throw down to the ground with force. Syng-iang, ad, bright (red). Syng-it, a. tight, choking. Syng-it-ldm, ka, n. the place or saddle where two hills meet, yjig an, J ^^ 1^^^^ headed, (as, **ka khlieh kaba khiiid st/nglan**), Sylla, V. to consult, to conspire, to plot, to instigate, [/mit. syllasyUok.] Syllang, (sat-), ad. very (hot or pungent), as from the effect of blisters. Syllai, ka, n. a cultivated land which has very recently been abandoned. Sylli, u, n. a small species of bamboo found on the Cherra side. "Syllih, n. a flying squirrel. Syllok, V. to insinuate, to take counsel together ; to have fellowship* Syllut, (pei-), ad. from one side to another, right through, clean through (pierced). Symbai, w, w. a seed. Symboh, u, n. a grain, a piece of the inside of a fruit. Bymboh-kpieng, u, n, a single bead. Sympa, ka,,n. a natural hive, as in crevices of rocks or hollow trees. Sympain, v. to wrap, to dress, to caress. Symparat, ka, n. a species of palm which generally grows on precipitous places. * Hindi.

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216 SYMPARBRET SYNREIT Symparbrct, ?f, n. nettle-rash. Sympat, v. to whip, to thrash. Sympei, ka, n, a heap of earth in front of the hole of a mouse. Symphiah, w, 7i. a whisk. Symphlein, ad, bloodlessly (white), as, "ubriewuba lieh sym^ phlein.^' Symphlen, a. clestituto of hair. Syndah, ad. close by, against ; — v. to protect or put a thing between two things, (as in the sentence " haba kit eit masi da si/)i' dah da ka trap ioh jakhlia ka met.") Syndam, a. flat, low, depressed, well beaten. Syndem, a. flat-nosed. Syndim, ad. croncliingly, stealthily, (^s, '* u nongtuh u rih syndim ha khap u maw.") Syndong, v. to roll up the clothes as when wading a stream. Syndon, ad. finally, once for all. Syndot-myrsiang, (Iay-), a. haying the peculiar unpleasant smell as of a jackal, smelling of musk. *Synduk, ha, n. a box. Syiang, a. high pitched. Synjap, a. slack, not tight. Synjat, n. a pledge, an earnest. Synjor, a. loose, not tight, lax. Synjuk, i). to be unanimous, to agree, to come to an understanding. Synlar, a. i)lain, simple (food). Syniiia, ka, n. night, darkness. Synfiiang, ii, n. a collection, a contribution, subscription ; — v. to contribute, to subscribe. [B^iif. u synuiang — u bynhei.] Synrang, ka, n. a coping of a rock or care. Synrdi, ka, n. autumn. Synran, n. a disciple, a follower. Synrap, v. to join, to coalesce. Synrei, u, n. a pestle generally made of wood. Synreit, v. to sprinkle.

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I 817 SYNREM SYRWIAH Synrem, «, n, a kind of stinging nettle. Synri, «, n. the womb, Synriah, v. to sneeze. Synrop, a. double, twin. Synrvid, v. to sweep or scratch past a thing. Synrum, ka, n. rubbish. [ImiL ka synrum-ka synrah.] Synsar, u, «. a broom. Synshdr, v. to rule, to govern ; [Imit, synshdr-khadar] ; — Ka, Syn^ 8'hdr, n. the highest goddess of the Synteng mythology. Synsh^r, v. to ram, to drive in. Syntdi, w, n. a hunch, hump. Syntan, n, a hardy or strong-minded fellow. Synteng, n. people of the Jaintia Hills. [Imit. u Synteng-u Syngngor.J Syntiat, v. to lay in ambush ; to spy. Syntiew, w, n, a flower. [^Imit. u syntiew-u sktid.] Syntiew-khmut, i, n. the tip of the nose. Syntuid, v. to slip. Syrbud, v. to imitate, to follow. Syrdeng, ka^ n. a fence or wall made of bamboo or ekra, a partition wall made up of planks. Syrdep, v. to patch up, — n. a piece of rag. [Imit, ka syrdep-ka syrphong.J Syrngiew, ka, n. a shadow, yimit. ka syrngiew-ka syrnget.] Sp'iem, a. similar, like ; (same as sriem) . Syrdoh, v. to make a knot, to tie in a knot. S ^^'d I ^' *° ^^ gently ; — ad. to the brim, by flushing up. Byrtap, ka, n. 2^ fold, a layer ; stratum. Syrti, y^«, «. a razor, a blade ; an iron file. Syrtok, a. up to the mark, complete ; justified by result. Syrwa, a. wasteful, squandering; — ka, n. a soup {Hindi). Syrwet, ka, n. a trace, a mark, a form for the ratification of an agreement, clue. Syrwiah, v, to fasten a rope round, to tie in a noose ; — u, n. a noose.

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218 T TANG-SAW T, the eighteenth letter in the Khasi alphabet. Tabah, v, to throw or hang across the shoulder. TabdiS, V. to make the lips dirty. •Tabit, ka, n. an amulet. Tabla, ka, n. the shoulder-piece of an animal ; a chine ; a kind of Hindustani drum. *Tabut, ha^ n. a car used on the funeral occasion of great men ; a tazia. *Takda, «, urgent. Takhew' I ^* ^^^^^^hedly poor ; penurious j having scanty hair. Tynf^khuh ( ^* *° ^^^^k the head against. •Takma, ka, n. a medal. Tak6r *) Takraifi \ ""' *° ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ *^® knuckles (when cursing). Tad, a. cbeap ; — ad. as soon as, only. [As, *' tad ioh u shu pliet sba la shnong bak."] TM-tyrpeng, ka^ n. an armlet. Tad-ynda, ad. until, till, when. Tang, ad. onl^^ ; to make a finish of tbe plaiting of wicker-baskets or nets ; to measure or heap up grain as much as a measuring basket can contain and holding one hand to support the grain. 'tang, {ahhrev. of " ktang "), ha, n. a pipe. Tang ba'n ndm, phr. nominally, [as, " u ia ai khaw ia ki tang ha'n nam ";] formally. 'tangkro, Uy n. a windpipe. Tangdep, a^. in a careless manner ; done only to get rid of duty. 'tang-duma, ha, n. a hookah, a hubble-bubble. 'tangnguid, n. gullet, (same as tangs^w). 'tangmuri, ka^ n. a pipe used in a Khasi dance. Tangon, v. to club, to beat with bis: sticks on the head or body. Tangon-u-lymban, w, n. a form of caj)ital punisliment amongst the ancient Khasis by beating a person to death with a club. Taug-sdw, M, n. the gullet. ♦ Hindi,

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219 TANGTHARI * ^^^ Tangtbari, lea, n. a weaver's shuttle. *tang-um, ka, n. a bamboo pipe or chimga for carrying water. Tab, V. to use anytbing as an external application or ointment ; to smear ; to use as sauce {e.g., curry or salt) ; — ka. n. a snail. , Taboh, \ adv. wastef ully ; lavishly, [as, " wat ju leh tahoh eh Tob-hoh, j ia ka jong ki briew."] Tai, V, to winnow ; to bring reasons to bear on an argument ; to sift. Tai-tai, ad. very (dirty) ; [as, " kane ka sopti ka la jakhlia taitair] *Taiar, v. to get ready, to prepare. Taiew, ka, n, a week. Tain, a. stunted, dwarfish. Tain-tMn, ^^. loudly [as, " ia uba kyllut phi dei ba'n da kren eh tain-tamy^ Tdin-tdin, ad. elastic. Tait, {abbrev. of kyntait), v. to reject, to set aside. Tait-kur, v. to be excommunicated from the clan. \Imit. taitkur — tait-kmie.] *Tala, ka, n. a lock. Talad, 2;. to manage. Talain, v. to whirl ; to wield. *Talasi, v, to search. Talba, ka, n, the shoulder-piece, same as tahla, *Talbi, V. to manage ; to conduct {e.g., a case). Talen, a. bald, destitute of hair ; — ka, n. a talent. Tal^p, ad. tall and foolish, [as, " u briew uba biej talep.'*] Talngeng, ad. big (head) ; [as, " nga ioh u dohthli uba heh falngeng:'] Talmah, ad. big, [as, "u khla uba heh ka khlieh talmah.^^]^ Talon, V. to belabour, to maul. Talu, (pdi), «, n. a sugarcane; TalCi, a. blunt. *Talwar, ka, n. a sword. Tarn, V. to pick up, to gather. * Hindi,

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220 I TAM TARE Tarn, ad, more, in excess. Tama, ka^ n. copper. *Tamsa, ha^ n. a show, (,Hind.) a tamasha, Tamsneng, a. wayward, wilful ; disobedient. \Imit. tamsa-tamhoi.] Tamti, v. to have a stealing propensity, thievish. [Imit. tamtitamjat.] Tamtuin-tamtain, ad. unevenly. Tan, V. to go and fetch aiperson, to go and meet a person on the way. *T^n, V. to pull, to drag ; — ka, n, straitened circumstances, emergency ; crisis. Tana-tani, a(i. ia a precarious manner, [as, **ngi shu la itn tana-tani mynta shi snem."] Tania, a. frugal, economical. Tanoin, v. to come and attack simultaneously (as a pack of hungry wolves). Tap, V. to cover, to screen ; — ka, n, a bundle of pan. Tap, V. to overreach, to encroach upon. Tap-khar-lyngngoh, v. to play blind man's buff. Tap-kpoh, V. to perform a poojah ceremony for the safe delivery of a child. Tap-la wbei, v. to worship the spirit of the departed mother or • maternal grandmother by means of sacrifices. Tap-lubri, v. to perform the ceremony of naming a child. Tap lup, V. to cover completely ; — ad. all over. Tap-mohkhlieh, ka, n. a piece of cloth used by women to coyer the head. Tap-rngiew, v. to make sacrifices for one's own good luck. \^Imit, tdprngiew-taprwiang.] Tap-Thawlang, v. to worship the original grandfather by means of sacrifices. Tar, V. to tear, to rend, — ad. scorchingly hot j [as, " tiew ia ka um ha ding ha ba'n da khiuit tar,''] *Tar, w, n. a wire. Tarajur, ka^ n. scales, a balance. Tare, v, to grope. ^ -^ - — * Hindi,

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^2l TARI TDAW-TDAW Tarij ka^ n. a knife. *Tarik, ka^ n. date. Taro, ka, n. the goddess of wealth among the Syntengs, of whom the people are in great dread. She resembles the evil spirit of the Khasis called '* Ka Shuar." Those who are suspected of possessing her are shunned by all. Tasa, ka^ n. a kind of drum ; a tambourine. Tasam, ka, n. a worn-ont and useless tool or wares, \_Imit. tasam-takut], see also thungtasam. Tat, conj. if only, as soon as, [as, *' tat shu lah kane, nga'n leifc noh."J ; — cheap. T^w, V. to put food into the month ; — ka^ n, a sheet of paper. Taw, ad. intensely (dark) ; [as, *' ki ia sah ha lum haduh ba'n da iongngit taw "]. _ Tawah, v. to hang, to suspend, to throw across. Tawfar,* I ^' *° ^° ^^ound and round. JTawlia, ka^ n. a towel. Tawoin, [same as "tawain."] ' Tba, V. to feel by touching. Tbeng, ad. as if something is full in the mouth, or in a hollow vessel or pipe [as, "u dumasla u dang dap tbeng shi tyndong."] Tbeh, V, to light. Tbem, ad. as if biting some thing in the mouth, [as, " ka miaw ka dait tbem ia ka khnai ha ka shyntur."] ; firmly (sticking). Tbiak, ad. clean of, [as, "u dkhat tbiak ia u syntiew."] Tbian, ka^n. floor. Tbit, a. handy, skilful, tactful. Tkai-tkai, ad. fat and plump, [as, ** u kulai jong una uba sn^aid tkai-tkai^ Tkor^tkoi*, ) ad. fat and tender ; [as, ** une u khynnah uba>ngaid Tkur-tkur, ) tkur-tkur.^'^ Tda, ka^n. 2b span, — v. to creep like a leech. Tdah, Art, n, the bottom : a running-stitch. Tdaw-tdaw, ad. hard and tough, [as, " ka thalap ka long kaha eh fdaw'tdaw.^^] * Hindi. % Englisli*

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^22 TDEM TEP Tdem, ka a, n. smoke. Tden, ad. tenaciously, and firmly [as, ** u khnam u neh tclen ha u skum."] Tdit-tdot, ad. at all, [as, " wat leit ai ei ei ia u tdit-tdotJ^] Tdong, u, n. tail. [/mit. ka tdong— ka slmet.] Tdong-bohkhaila, ka, n. the fag-end of a dhoti, Tdong-sier, u, n. a meadow haiiey. Tdiih, ka, n. the end (of a thread) or anything. Te, conj. then ; it is also used at the end of a sentence to denote surprise, as " phi ong kumta te ? " (you say so, do you ?). - '-^^ Teng, ad. at some time or other, once, [as, " u kren kum uba la shah ram teng ha nga'*]; — w. occasion, time ; as ^iteng, drteng, \i\-teng. Teng-teng, ad, occasionally. Teh, V. to bind, to fasten, \_Imit, teh-khum]. — it is also used at the end of a sentence to emphasize the adjective before it, [as, " ew phi, u kulai u Jarnel u long uba heh noh teh."] — and it is also used as a sort of digressive expression, [as, " la nga pyn-i ia kata teh u phoi pynban."] Teh-kirmit, v. to be under a bond or agreement. Teh-ktien, v. to be engaged in a marriage contract. [Imit. tehktien-teh thylliej.] Teh-musorkar, -v. to keep one under restraint or under the cognizance of the authorities. Teh'sai-iong, v. to be engaged in a marriage contract (for young children only) . [Probably from the ancient practice of binding a black thread to one of the toes of a girl as a pledge.] Tel, D. to build, to erect. Tei-pop, V. to charge with j to lay the blame upon. Teln-thap, «, n. nettle rash* Tej-tej, ad. adhesive, like gum, [as, " phi shet ka ja kaba jem t^j-tei kum ia u mynpang."] Tern, t>. to play on a drum or stringed-musical instrument; to extinguish. [Imit. tem-put.] T^m, ad. trailing like a tail, [as, " u khla u bud tern la u brlew.*'] Ten-ten, ad, elastic, producing fibres, tough, [as, " ka doh kaba jwat ten-ten^ Xepi "V, to bury, to inter. 1

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TEP.EITMIAW THAH Tep-eitmiaw, v. to affect to overlook a thing. Ter, ad. in order, in a row. Ter-lter, ad. one whole length, [as, " ka barrack ki shipai kaba jrong ter-lter.''] Ter-shi-ter, ad, in a series of objects ; one after another. Ter-ter, ad. consecutively. Tew-tew, (eh), ad. very hard, [as, *' u tohjaw um pat ih, u dang eh tew-tew.''] Tnga, n. a husband or wife. [Imit. ka tnga-ka khdn.] Tngang, ad. violently (hit), [as, '*u la kawang shimaw tngang na ka khlieb jong nga."] Tngdr, d. shady, cool. Tngdw, n. a hanuman, a langur. Tngen, a. comfortable, cool. Tngit, a* dirty \--hay n. a dirt. [Imit. ka tngit-ka tngar.] Thaba, a. glaring, brilliant, bright, dazzling. Thakurain, ka, n. a phenomenon which appears dazzling and brilliant like the sun, a mistress of the house. Thdd, V. to expose, to spread, to curse, to scold. \_Imit. thdd-bM]; — ha, n. an exposed flat country. Thdd-IM, V. to become shameless ; to put to shame. Thdd-rong, v. to use low or obscene words ; to tell tales. Thang, v. to burn, to cremate. Thang-kh4r, v. to be cremated by the State or by the public. Thang-krei, v. to burn the body without gathering the bones or without performing any ceremony. Thang-iong, v, to become sunburnt j to become dark owing to exposure. Thang- jngap, v. to have the discolouring of the face. Thang-rang, a. to feel very thirsty. Thang-ram, v. to burn a jangle for jhum cultivation, — ad. like a withered branch of a tree. Thang-rong, v. to perform a cremating ceremony with great show. Thang-saw, v, to heat a thing till it is red-hot. [Imit. thangsdwthangsian.] Thah, w, n. ice, hoar-frost,

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224i THAIN THAP-MRAd Th6i3, V. to weave, to knit, to plait ;— A;^, n, district, direction. Thait, V. to cut asunder, to snap ; — a. weary, exhausted, TMit-tliMt, ad, without intermission, incessantly, [as, " ki kynrup thdit-thdit ha doh ia u."] Thala, a. vain ; — ad. vainly, uselessly. Thaldb, ha^ n. a chip of wood. *' Tliala-thaleifi, (leh), ad. in a rough way, carelessly. ThA,m, ka^ n. a crab. Tham^, v, to loose the clear vision of things ; to befool. Thamula, a. joking, funny, [/mit. thamula-thamuleiu.] Th^n, ad. too, excessively, unreasonably ; — iaihan, v. not to do a thing when asked, simply because one looks to somebody else to doit. *Th^n, ka^ n. one whole piece of cloth, a tMn ; — v. to send for. Thana, n. person having some relationship, limit, thana-thakh^r. ] *Thanat, ka, n. a police station. *Thanda, a. abated, cool, calm. Th^p, v. to give a slap ; to brush past any object. Th^p, V. to lay in wait, to ambuscade, to waylay, to be on the watch ; — a. poisonous (as, " une u tit uba thap "). Thap-ba-ngem, ^^, n. a ground spider. • Thap-ba-iong, v. to become dizzy. Thap-balieh, ^«, rj . a butterfly. Thap-balong, ka^ n. a large black butterfly. Thap-bawa, ka, n. a spider. Thap-basim, u, n. a mole. Thap-biej, a. having some disordered state of mind ; demented. Thap-bulong, ka, n. an evil spirit who brings insanity to the people. Th^p-k6r, ka, n. the back part of the ear. Tliap-u-ddp, u, n. a common ignorant fellow. Thkp-ngap, ad. lonely, (sit), (as, "u shong marwei thap-ngdp ha khlaw."] — ka^ n. swelling of the jaw gland. Thap-mrad, v. to swoon, to be under the influence of evil spirits ; to stalk. • Hindi.

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223 THAP-NIANG THEP-SH'IENG Thap-niang, ka^ n. wing ; side. Thap-shrieli, v. to cob, to give a slap on the buttock. ThtVr, V. to be pierced with a thistle or prick ; to feel hurt. *Thar, n, ka. brass plate, a tluil. Tharai, v. to suppose, to think, to presume. Tharia, ka^ n. a shallow and shingly bed of a stream. Tharu-thare, ad. roughly, [as, " nga shu thain tharu-thare ia kane ka ruh".] Thatthari, u, n, one who works in brass. That-tbat, (kyiub-), nc/. trembliniily, [as, *'u kyiuh thaHhat ba'n leit mill ling-kasbari"], — shiveriugly. Thaw, V. to make, to create. Thawdur, (leh-, kren-), cul in a queer or out-of-the-way manner, [as, *' balei phi kren thdiodur kumla ?"] Thawlang, u, n, the first maternal grandfather or the father himself, [/mit. u Tbawlan2j-ka lawbei.] Thawlir, a. comical, joking. Thawnang, a. comic, /mimical. Thawshia, a. confirmed, habituated. Thdw-thaw, (jot-), ad. ragged or torn, in tatters, [as, "ki jain jong u ki la jot thdw-thdio" 7\ Theh, V. to pour in, to si)ill. Theh-seij v. to pour out in abundance, 'thei, {abbrev. of kynthei), w. a woman. *thei-kha-iapsaw, a. a woman who has once married! and is hence experienced in the art of courting men. *thei-iaid, ka, n. a woman of bad character. 'thei-iaw, ka, n. a woman of advanced age ; an elderly woman, 'thei-sotti, ka, n. a virgin. Them, ka, n. a hollow, a valley, a depression ; — z'. to subside ; Jca iapthem, n, cholera. Thep, V. to stow, to put in. Thep-mawbah, v. to deposit bones in a common ancestral tomb or cairn. IThep-shyieng, v. to deposit bones in a tomb. \Im%t, hepshying thepshruh.] * Hindi.

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226 THER THIE Ther, V. to beat {esp. the busli or jungle) ; to muster ; to beat about the bush ; to put up a bird. Thfer-ther, (laid-), ad. with light springy steps and flowing garments, [as, " khmih ka mem ka idjid therther kumba ka kyr kieh eh".] Thet, V. to wash the hands. Thet-thet, ad. convulsively ; writhingly. Thew, V. to measure ; to take aim at ; to intend, [/mit. thewwoh.] Thngad, v. to promise or determine not to do the same thing over again, to repent, [/mtt. thngad- thngaw.] Thngan, v. to be hungry. [Imit. thngan-jing-it.] Thngiat, u,n. Sb foreign particle in the eye, a mote. Thiang, a. sweet. Thiang-bluin, a. saltish sweet taste. Thiang-byrjup, a. sourish sweet taste. Thiang -jngap, a. honey-sweet. Thiang-jlep, a. too sweet. Thiah, v, to sleep ; to lie down. [!mit. thiah-shong.] Thiah-ang, v. to be asleep with the mouth open. Thiah-basa, v. to sleep for the night or as a lodger. [Imit. thiahbasa-thiahbasuin,] Thiah-kai, v . to lie down by way of taking rest ; to take a short nap. Thiah -jing-it, v. to go without food, to fast. [Imit. thiahjing-it -thiah thngan.] Thiah-sngi, v. to sleep till late in the day. l/miL thiah sngi -thiah them,] Thiah-thdi, v. to oversleep ; to waste time doing nothing. Thiar, ka, n. a barn ; a large granary basket. Thiat, w, n, yeast, leaven. Thiaw, ad. away, completely, [as, "da kaba ialeh shitom u la jop thiaw ia ki jingeh baroh".] Thik, ad. exactly, precisely. *Thikna, a» regular, certain, exact. [Imit. thikna-thikni.] Thie, V, to give response or answer to a call.

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227 THIED THLONG-MLUH.THLONG-SYING Thied, u, n. fibre, root, artery. [Imit. w. thiecl-u jaw.]— ■:;. to buy» to purchase. Thied-baibat, v. to buy for ready money, to buy in cash. Thied-ei, v. better to buy. Thied-khutia, v. to buy retail, limit, thied khutia-thied khulain] Thied-shah, v. to buy on credit. {Imit, thied shah-thied sham.] Thied-snam, «, n. vein, artery. Thiep, ka^ n. an uphill ; an ascent. Thiet, same as thied. Thiew, V. to weed. Thir, V. to spin; — ad. away (fly, jamp) ; [as, '* u kulai u ryngkang thir ia ka 8yrdeng."J Thit, ka^ n» birdlime. Thlen, «, w. a devil in the shape of a serpent supposed to be kept by certain clans in the Khasi Hills. He is propitiated with human blood and the nails taken from fingers and toes, or failing which, with human hair and pieces of garments clipped by means of a pair of silver scissors. He is believed to bring wealth and prosperity to his keepers. The people of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills are in constant dread of being murdered by the keepers of this monster. A boa-constrictor. Thlia, V. to bother, to tease. [Imit, thlia-thlait.] Thlieh, :;. to split, to strike. Thliem, «, n. a small leech. Thlien, a. nervous, painful, Thliew, kaffi. a hole, a pit; depression. {Imit. ka thliew-ka sydr.] Thliew-ka iing, (phr. in every house ; [as, " u _ Saheb Jerman Thliew-iing, \ Jones u ju leit rung man ka thliew iing.] Thlip, ad. entirely (dark) ; [as, "phi pynran ia ka sharak ha ba'n da diam thtip "?] Thlong, «, n. a wooden mortar for husking paddy, etc., a dhenH, [Imit. u thlong-u synrei.] Thlong-nar, w, n. an iron mortar. Thlong-mluh-thlong-sying, jphr. bitterly inimical; implacable*

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228 THLUN THOH-PEN Thluu, a, stammering, stuttering. Thma, /'«, n. Vrar, battle, dispute [/m?7. ka thma-ka ktien.] Thma-ka-ktien, ka, n. law suit. Thmit, a. too short, [as, "plii la suh thmit eh ia kane ka sopti ".] — n, edge ; margin. Thmu, V. to purpose, to intend, to resolve. Thnam, v. to boil, to simmer. Thnam-sabon, ka, n, a lather. Thnat, a. having a finger or a toe branched. Thnat-syiar, ka, n. the single horu-like claw of a cock. Thnem, a. scarce and dear ; in great demand ; — ka, n. the compensation money paid by a \yoinan or a man who marries within one year after the death of her husband or before his bones have been deposited in the ancestral tomb ; compensation given to a husband or wife to pa.'ocure a divorce. Thning, u, n. a stalk (generally of a creeper), a plant destitute of leaves. Thnom *) Thnum' j ^•. ^° mutter, to mumble. *Thok, v, to cheat, to deceive, to humb'ig. \Imit. thok-shukor.] Thong, V. to bet ; to offer money ; (as, "u ioh kain sordar da kaba iliO)uj tyngka ia ki rangbah shnong".) Thoh, V. to cut trees ; to write, to make a mark ; to take with the tip of a finger; — a. having a mark or spot. \^Iinit. thoh-iar.] — ka^ n, an ornamental edging or border of a garment; a mark, a spot. Thoh-brain, "> Thoh-bruin, C a, spotted, striped. Thoh-brew, } Thoh-khalai-nusip, v. to play in a lottery. Thoh-leng, a. having a white speck or a spot. Thoh lung-thoh leng, ad. with stains here and there ; perfunctorily. Thoh mut-thoh mat, a. having dirty spots here and there ;— * ad, blotched. Thoh-pan, 7 x • 4 / n Thoh-pen, j ''' ^^^'^P'^ (across). * Hindi,

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229 THOH-PUID THl)I ThowSid I ^' ^*^'^P®^ (lengthwise), having streaks. Thoin-thoin, ad. dearly, intensely (love) ; [as, "ngeiieitthom-thom la ka ri"] — straight on, without any visible sign of difficulty ; [as, "u khar hajikor u kiew thoiii'thom na u tyllai shalor u skong".] Thorn, V. to tramjile, to clear ; to do in a high-handed manner. *Th6r, ka, n. the plains. Thor-thor, ad. flutteringly, tremblingly, [as, **balei ki leit k'iuh thor-thor ian?"]; very (light). Thra, (um), ha, n. the water or fluid which issues before the delivery of a child. Thrang, v. to thirst, to pant. Thrait, ad. suddenly and forcibly, [as, "u khla u la kynrup ia u knlai tlirait na u pdot".j Thrait-thrait, ad. at once or without hesitation or intermission (to attack) ; [as, "ki briew ki la tiir thrait-thrait kein sha ka met jong nga".] Threw, v. to have a longing for, to have an ardent desire. Thri, w, n. a cane, a bamboo string or tie. Thu ! \ Inter, a bargain now ! finished ! [as, ^Hhu, phi la lah Thuthen ! j" ai-ei ho ia kane !".] Thung, v. to plant, to cultivate. {,hnit. thuug-tep.] — to appoint, to elect ; to get a carbuncle. Thung baji, z'. to fall head over heels; to stand on the head [/mit. thung baji-thung prah.] Thung-shriew {coloq.) = to die. Thung-shut, u, n. a species of sedge, a rush. Thung-tasam, v. to swear solemnly. [Wben a Khasi solemnly repents and makes ah oath of promise not to continue to do the same thing, he takes hold of any worn-out dd or other piece of iron and plants it in the hearth or fire-place]. [Imit. thung tasam-thung takut.] Thuh-tang, v. to recount, to relate in detail, to slander, limit. thuh tang-thuh thaw.] Thui, (tdem-), ad. out (issue of i smoke) ; [as, "nga ioh-i tad ynda la tdem thid ka iiug".] * Hindi,

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2^0 THUtA THYNRANCi Thuia, w, n. a plume about 18 inches long worn by Khasis in their turbans when dancing. Thuli, (dew-), ka, n. hard earth, clay. Thuin, (ieng-, iaid-), ad. slowly up (walk away) ; [as, "ynda la kyntu eh, u saieng thiim ba'n leit sha iing".] Thuit, (pluh-), ad. in smoke ; [as, "ka iing ka la pluh thuW\'] Thum, V. to take on one's lap ; — u, n, a mound, a boundary masonry pillar. Thiip, V. to be reduced in size, to become lean. Thup, ka^ n. a regular heap of stones. Thurmur, ad. inconsiderately, recklessly, [as, "wat ju leh thurmur ia kaei kaei ka jong ki briew".] Thut, V. to be offended, to be sorry, to be aggrieved. Thwei, ka, a. a deep pool of water (in a stream). Thwat, V, to be on the lookout ; to clear jungle with a da. Thwet, V. to be on the scent of game. Thwiat, (lait-), ad, to have a hairbreadth escape, [as, **nga la siat ia u mynthna hynrei lait thwiat na ka khlieh'*.] Thyllah, u, n. a flea. Thyllain, ad. very (heavy) ; [as, **une u diengngai uba khia thyllam''\^ Thyllan, v. to get a shock. Thylleng, n. very young fruit ; — v. bearing young fruits. Thylli, a. empty ; without carrying anything. Thylliang, u, n. the tree whose bark is improvised as a headstrap and string. Thyllieid, } ^' "' *°^S^®- f^*^^^^' ^ t^ylliej"^ sabieng.] Thylliej-ding, ka, n, a tongue of fire, a flame. Thyllieng. u, n. the soft part of the bamboo which remains after the hard tough cover has been peeled off (same as khyllieng). Thyllieh, u, n. dandriff. Thyllong, (soh-), u, w. a Small fruit which a shrub growing on the riverside bears. Thymmdi, a. fresh, new* Thymmei, ka^ n. a scar, a mark. Thynrang, z>. to be athirst ; to feel thirsty.

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231 THYNRAM TIENG Thynrdm, ka^ n. a tree whose leaves have fallen off, a dried twig. Thynrei, u, n. Slu evil spirit who is supposed to make the disease •^orse ; — v. to become aggravated, to become worse (in illness). Thynrim, a. slightly old (cloth). Thynron, v. to be convalescent. Thynreng, "i ad undressed (hair), [as, "baleiieng u fiiuhkhlieh Thynrung, ) Jong phi thynreng kumne?"] Thyrnia, m, n. a needle. Hi {abbrev. of kti), ka, n. hand, finger. Tiak, ad. just a little ; [as, " tang shu kren U'ak u la bitar ia nga'\J Tian, v. to put a thing in the mouth ; to thrust a thing into the mouth. Tian-bishar, v, to bring to judgment; to complain; to bring to the notice of the court. Tiap, ad. directly, to the very spot (reach) ; [as, "nga la poi tiap ha kawei ka jaka".] *Tiar, ka^n. an instrument, a tool, a weapon, fittings, [/mil, ka tiar-ka tar.] 'tiar, (abhrev. of "ktiar"), m, n. a centipede, [as, "u 'tiar-sdw, u 'tiar-dieng," etc.] Tik-shi-tik, ad. incessantly, [as, *'mynta ha kine ki sngi ka slap tik-sht-tik'\'\ Tika, V. to vaccinate. Tika-Bamon, ka, n. inoculation. *tikdew, ka, n. the pointing finger, 'tikhun, (same as " 'tiduh") z, n. the little finger. Tikia, «, n. a small cake of charcoal used as embers for smoking. *Tikli, u, n. percussion cap ; a detonator, 'tikmie, ka,n. a thumb, 'ti-duh, ka, n. the last finger. Tied, V. to strike, to knock, to beat. Tied-u-pyrthat, kaba, n. a clap of thunder, Tieng, v, to be afraid of, to fear. ♦Hindi.

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232 »TIEH 'TIEW-JAMI-IANG *tieh, 1. (abbrev. of ^'ryntieli"), ka, n, a bow. 2. {abhrev. of "ktieh"), ka, n. mucl, marsii. 3. {abbrev. of "stieh"), ka, n. a shield, 'tieh-bali, ka^ n. a large shield used in battles, 'tieh-batur, ka, 7i. a bow for throwing small stones, a catapult, 'tieh-j^r, ^«, M. a bow consecrated to a male-child at the time of his naming ceremony. z,'®'^" Z'^fJO (jem-), ad. sticky and soft like mud, [as, "ka ja kaba Tej-tej,' i i the violet (flower).

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283 »TIEW.JAPANG TIP-DUK *tiew-japang, u, n. the bluebell. *tiew-lapongndi, u, w, a kind of flower having sweet smelliug leaves. *tiew-lasi3r, w, n. a species of orchii. 'tiew-lasubon, ka, n. tlio tender leaf holding the flower of a cevtain plant of a yt llowish colour resembling that of a pine -apple which is used by women to decorate their hair. *tiew-myngngor syng-un, «, n. marigold. *tiew-pathai-khub6r, u, n. a flower, the sweet smell of which can be perceived from a distance only. *tiew-phkn, w, n. the dahlia ; potato flower. Hiew-riam-skdin, m, n. the pitcher plant. *tiew-sngi, u^ n, the sunflower. *tiew-shyllong, ?/, m. a white flower resembling gloxinia which a shrub growing by the river-side bears. 'tiew-shlim, w, n, stramonium flower. Tiew-sla, u^ n, a brass pot for cooking rice, same as khiewsh, »tiew-snoh-dieng, w, n. orchid, *tiew-synteng, «, m. Vanda cerulea (orchid). 'tiew-thylliej-tangmuri, m, n. blythia flower. *tiew-tyrkhang, «, n. a sweet-smelling fern. Ting, V, to call a dog or a fowl or any animal, to address. Ting-khun, v, to own a child as one's own. Tih, V, to dig ; to discuss. Tihar, ka, n. an evil spirit who is believed to cause a severe colic pain; severe colic. fTili, w, n. an oilman. Tim, V, to curse ; to mutter or chant formula while performing piija. [Imit. tim-mai.] Tim-k^ia, v. to call on the spirits as a Khasi diviner does at the lime when he performs sacrifices. [Imit. tim-knia-tim-khriam.] Tip, V. to know. Tip-briew, v. to be conscious, to recover, to come to oneself [Imit. tip briew-tip mrad.] Tip-kein, ph7\ I do not know, I doubt. Tip-duk, V. to be industrious, to be actively engaged ; to be sensible. [7mit. tipduk-tip suk.] t.BengftU.

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m tlP-EI TMOlfi Tip-ei ? phr. who knows ? Tip-ma, conj. but, on the contrary. Hi-pdeng, ka, n. tlie middle finger. Tip-sngi, a. to be well-behaved ; good. [Imii, tipsngi-tipnong.] Tip-tlmh-tip dai, v. to recognise, to know. Tir, V. to cut into long strips or pieces (flesh, fish, skin, etc.,) ; (s/zz7zV-) much, very [as, **ka dohkha te shitlr keiu ia u kber."] Tir-shi-tir, ad. again and again, line after line, [as, *' ki dkhiew ki mih ilr-.9hi-lir ba'n leit rong la ki pylleng " ; ** u ia nga u shu kwah ba'n ialeh Hr'shi-lir".] fTisi, u, n. linseed. Tista, ad, regularly. Tit, «, «. a mushroom ; fungus. Tit-thnat-syiar, u, n. a kind of mushroom. Tiw(dum — ), ad. completely (dark) [as, ; "ka bneng ka la sdang ba'n dam tiiv.'^'\ Tla, V. to curse, to chide (with obscene words) ; [bniL tla — tlep.] Tlang, ka, n. winter. Tldi, ka, n. a palm-tree. Tlait, ad. securely (shut) ; [as " ki la bon ilaii ia ka synduk ] Tlem, a. spotless, pure. Tlieno^, ka, n. a large mat made of cane used in threshing paddy millet and job's-tears. Tlor, V. to wither, to fall off as leaves or rotten substance or tears. Tlot, a. weak, powerless. Tluh, u, n. a tree whose bark is very useful in making ropes, etc. Tmang, ad. loae'y ; [as, " katno nga sngew tmang ba phi'm don sliuh hangne."] Tmain, ii, n. moustache ; — tmaiii, ad. to the brim (full). Tm lifi-khli, u, n. a kind of gronnd-craeper the leaves of which resemble that of a pine-tree, stag-moss. Tmar, u, n. a kind of small bamboo. Tmier, ka, n. a margin, a rim, edge. Tmoh, ka, n. chin ; — fellow (colloquial). Tmuin, ad. quite (full) ; [as, " ka um kala dap tmbih ha, a khiew."] t Bengali.

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235 tmOi5j trAit TmMfi, (mih), ad, coming out a little only [as, ** ki rcng ki la mih tDitiiu mynta."] TmiTin-tmum, (sng^iid), ad. pulpy, fat, [as, "u khynnah u nngaid Tnan, | ad. once for all (die) ; hard and stiff (applied to a dead Tneu, j body). Tnat, ka, n. a brancli, a twig. Tndw, ka, n. a big claw (of a crab) ; the wing (of a house). Tnum, kcty n. the ridge of a house. To = a sign of the imperative mood which means, '* let us," " let you, " " let him," (as " to ia leit noh ;'')—ad. allright, very well, as •' phi'n leit ai kane ka shit hi ? " "to," (very well). Tok, ad. just, [as, " tang u shu kren tok nga'n shoh ia u"]. Tong, V. to draw (water from a well or vessel, or fish from a river); to fish. Toh, V. to peck, to bite. Tohkhat, ") ad. very occasionally, [as, "ia kaba klet tohkhat te Tohkhatlet, ) mano mano ruh ia map."] Tohkit, V. to enquire, to investigate. Tohjaw, u, n. a boil. Tohmet, ad. roughly, without consideration or mercy, [as, " wat leh tohmef ia ki khynnah bapli kib'yni donkmie shuh"] \_Imit. tohmet-tohjun.] Toi, ad. otherwise, but. now at any rate, why not ; [as, " u leit bakla kheiii tang kawei ka jingkhein ha ka eksamiu, tui la jop ma u ; " "ban da phi ong te toi ym leit heit ? "] ; as a matter of fact. Toin-toifi, ad. easily, without resistance (come), [as, " tang shu shim na ka kti u shu wan tom-tom.''^ Top, ad. jtist, only, [as, " tang phi shu leit pynbna top shaphang kane, nga'n beh ia phi nangne na shiiong ".] Tor, u, n. the lungs; — a. impaired, weak. Torti, a careless, not doing up to the mark. Trai, ti, n. root, Lord, master, owner — ka trdi, n. principal money. [Imit. ka trai-ka dkhuh.] Trf'ii-shnong, n. a native of a place ; a citizen. [Imit. trai-shuonff -trai-thaw.] Trait, ad. at once (catch) ; [as, "ka miaw ka la kynrup tmit ia ka khndi"]j firmly,

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236 TRAM TULA Tram, (iap-), v. to wither, to die (of trees and bamboos) ; — u, n. a disease of the pan leaves. Trang, ka, n. bachelor's house in the Bhoi andLalung Tillages. Tr;'ip, ka, n. a small circular rain-proof frame used by the Khasis (called ka shaladiang by the Syntengs) . Traw, w, «. sun-grass. Treiig, ti, n. a mane. Treh, v. to consent, to agree. Trei, V. to work, to labour. [Imit. trei-ktah; trei-beng.] Trep, lea, n. a temporary hut ; hynhiew trep hyniiiew skum (phr.) the earliest inhabitants of the world. Triang, u, n. an eel ; — ad, firmly (hold or grasp). Triem, a. dreadful, frightful. Trong, Ui n. a tuft of hair on the head. Troh, 2/, to clutch, to claw. TroiS, V. to dwindle. Trud, V. to scratch. Trud iawbei, kaba, n. white streaks on the body. *Trup-s\var, u, n. a cavalry soldier (same as tyllup-swar), Tuklar, r. to speak, to talk or discuss confusedly. *Tukra, ka, n. a piece, a part. Tiid, V. procrastinating, delaying. *tung, {abbrev. of ktung), ka, n. a vetch ; a small preserved fish. 'tung-rymbai, ka, 7i. bean which has been cooked and preserved and having a very disagreeable smell. *tung-tap, kay n, a small preserved fish. Tub, V. to steal. [Imit : tub — thiem.] Tuh-t aga briew, v. to commit adultery. Tuid, V. to flow, to run (water). Tuin-tuin, ^ri. hesitatingly, with fear, [as, "balei phi iaid tuin" iulu haba ong ba phi n iaid bran "]. Tiiit, V. to suspect, to charge falsely with, as in the word tuii klim — to charge one falsely with committing adultery. Y^wl^y ka, w. a tola; u — , cotton or o;her similar material for igniting fire from the spark of a flint ; cleaned cotton. * Hindi, t Bengali.

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237 TULE TYNGKENG Tule, V. to chide with obscene words. [Imit. tule — dangle.] *Tulop, kai n. pay, salary. [Imit. ka tulop— ka dorma] — v. to summon. Tulu, a. having a big knob ; blunt, [as, ** une u dieng uba heh ka khlieh tidur] Tum-ki-tam, (ki — ) n. pi. articles of furniture. Tuma-tuma, ad. in pieces (to chop), [as, " ka khnai ka la dait tuma-tuma ia ka jain jong nga."] Tun, pron. thou (it is used at the end of a sentence and is applicable to women only in colloquial language). Tup, Jca^ n. a cannon. [Imtt. ka tup — ka man.] •Tuphan, Jca, n. a gale ; a cyclone. *Tupia, ka, n. a cap, a hat. Tur, V, to advance, to rush ; to butt. *tur, (abbrev. of "shyntur"), ka, n. a mouth. Tur-iap, v. to rush desperately ; — n. ka, tongs {colloq). *Tusbir, ka, n. a picture ; a likeness. Turoi, ka, n. a trumpet. T'ut, n. a quail (same as tyut). fTuta, n. a parrot. tTutia, u, n. sulphate of copper, blue vitriol. Twa, V. to fall down as a wall ; to subside. Twad, V. to feel by means of the hand. Tybian, ka, n. floor, same as tbian. Tybit, a. handy, skilful, tactful (same as tbit). Tyng-ab, n. a raven, a crow. Tyng-am, ka, n. the jawbone ; a loud harsh voice. Tyng-am-duh, ha, n. the wisdom tooth. tTyngka, ka, n. money, rupee. [Imit. tyngka-sbai.] Tyngkai, v. to reserve, to keep in store, to economize. Tyns^kai-soh-thad, v. to preserve a thing carefully (used sarcastically for what ought not to be done) . Tyngkan, v. to suppress, to reserve. Tyngkeng, ad, as if caught up between some obstacles, ["u la woh u jyrmi na ka kjat and nga la sahkut tpigkeng.] ■ - ^ ■■ ■ I

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238 TYNGKHAP TYNGNIN Tyngkhap, v. to insert, to infix, to hide ; {^fmit. tyngkliaptyngkhip], niang-tynkhap^ ka, n. a tick. Tyugkhap-m.iw, ka, n. crevice of a rock. Tyngkliip-tyngkhap, (sah-), ad. beliidclen or unnoticed ; carefully (set aside or liidden) ; [as, "ym dondumasla mo briew na phi uba sah tyngkhip-tijngkhapT^^ Tyngkhiih, v. to hit or get the head knocked against something. Tyngkong, ka, n. a platform next the door of the second room in a Khasi house. Tyngkoh, ad. limping. Tyngkra (kha-), n. a small fish with sharp fins close to the gills. Tyngkrcin, ad. yividly (displayed), [as, *' la' u la iap hynrei ka dur jong u ka sah tij^igkrein^ Tyngkrong, (wait-), ka, n. a dao having two supporters at the back ol the edge used for cutting and dressing tisli, etc. Tyngkdun, ad. nicely dressed (like a little girl) ; gracefully [as, "I khynnah iba i-tynnad tyngkdon.'''] Tyngden, ad. firmly, strongly, [as, "ka khohwah jong phi kaba bha tt/ngden.'^~\ Tyng-eh, ad. roughly, harshly, peverely, [as, *'da kaba leh tyng-eh u mut ba'n pyndiih ia kaba sniew."] Tynghong, ad. agape, spell-boand, [as *'u shynreh u peit tyngheng ia ngi."] Tynghong, (peit-), ad. agape (said of a small mouth). Tyngngian (same as tynniaii), -v. to stuff, to cram. Tyng-in, v. to flirt, to court. Tyng-ier, ka, n. a platform suspended j ast above the hearth (ia a Khasi house) where firewood is kept. Tyngjlang, ^ lynuj eug, f o^r7. completely (taken by surprise), [as, "u ieng Tyniijluiig, l" lyngngoh tyvgjlung.'] Tyniijlong,J Tyni^mopj ad. full of leaves [as, *' ba'n lei ia une u jhur katne tyvgmepT^^ Tyngmup, v. to speak or deal harshly. Tyngnan, ") Tyngniaw, S ac?. slender, small and thin [as, " u briew uba rit Tj^Dgnin, ) tyngnan ''"^

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TYNGSHAI^ TYNDAH Tyngshdin, v. to shine, to glare, to reflect. Tyngshop, ti, w. an effigy of a man made of bamboo work to represent the first maternal uncle in a Khasi ceremonial dance. Tyngwoin, v. to go round and round. Tyllai, u, n. a rope Tyllai-snwali, u, n. a rope in a plough by which the neck of au ox is fastened. Tyllan,«d entirely, wholly, without reserve ; [as, *' ka miaw ka bam tyllan snier baroh ia ka khnai."] Tyllawdiiig, kn, n. a firebrind. Tyllep, V, to cover completely, to hide. Tylli, w. number (of things or animals) ; — «. solid — ac?, wholly; bodily, as, *' phi kren ia nga kumba phi la ioh-mraw tt/li mo?*" [Imit. tylli-tyllan.] Tylliat, v. to grind, to bruise. Tylli-tyllan, ad. exactly (alike) ; [as, " une u khynnah uba bit tf/lli-tf/llan ia la u kpa."] Tyllong, ) u, n. the stock (of maize, etc.,) ; — «. ka, the handle (of Tlong, ) adao) ; the source of a stieam. Tyllun, V. to revolve, to roll, to tumble. Tyllup, V. to cover ;■ — sHtyllup ka pyrthei, phr. throughout the world ; the whole world. Tymblong, ) ad. like an idiot or dumb man, bewildered ; Tymbluiig ) [as, "balei phi ieng tymbUftg kumne kum u biej ?]. Tymbuit, ka, n. the elbow. Tymmen, a. old; — n. an old man or woman. \_Imit. u tymmeuu-san ; u tymmen-u-kro.] Tymp;in, ka, n. a maclian (in a Khasi house) overhead where odds aud euds are kept, it is above ka ti/ny-ir. Tympom, ('nam-), u, ji. one of the three arrows shot from the funeral pyre towards the north, west aud so ith to keep off evil spirits. Tympew, n, n. a betel leaf, a pd;/ -lea,t Tymplia, ka, n. a shoulder ; — bah-tympha, u, n. a wall-plate. Tymphu, ('la-), ka, n. a tree resembling a papaya tree, the branches of which are used as pipes in a liquor distillery. Tyndah, ad. along with, together, [as, " u khia u bdm tyndah shfiiuh baroh ia ka blang."]

240 TYNDAI TYRKHONG Tynddi, ka, n. the inside of the roof. Tyndam, ad. bluntly, [as, ** balelphi shu kren tyndam kumta ia nga."] Tyndaw, a. blunt, not pointed. Tyndep, v. to forget or to lose one's memory, as if enchanted. Tyndi-tynda, ad. perchance [as, " ngdn shu leit kein ioh tyndi' tynda ia kynduh pynban."] Tyndong, ka, n. a short pipe, a case. \_Iinit. ka tyndong-ka tynnah]. Tyndung, v. to poke, to thrust, to goad. Tynjang, (suid-), u^n. a lame demon who haunts the jungle. It is said that as he walks he calls out "kaw-hoit, kaw-hoit." If he meets any person he tickles him to death. Tynjuh, v. to try, to test, to tempt. Tynnad, ad. moderately, [as, " ka jingheh kine ki dohkha kaba la tynnad'^l Tynnad, {suffix) == pleasant, pretty. Tynneng, v. to imitate. Tynfiian, v. to press in forcibly, to stow. Tynrah, v. to thrust, to lance. Tynrdi, ka, n. root, source, origin. • Tynriew, u, 71. the leaves of a certain species of palm much used on the sourthern borders of the Khasi hills for thatching. [Imit. u tynriew-u tynddw], Tynrong, v. to put over on the top of something ; to carry on the head ; to lighten the load of a friend by taking a portion on oneself. Tynruh, v. to poke. Tynsah, v. to ram in, to elbow. Tynsat, v. to put in between two things, to insert ; to inset. Tynsong, ka, n. a small net-bag for catching fish. Tyr-a, u,n. dn species of small bamboo ; nol-bas {Beng.), Tyrbeh, ad. as if some adhesive substance is adhering to something, [as, " phi wan nangno ba da ka ktieh suda tyrben baroh shirynieng."] Tyrkhang, «, w. a fern. Tyrkhong, a, dried, withered.

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241 TYRHA TYRWIENG Tyrha, a> hot, inflamed. Tyrjain, ") ad. in bunches [as, " ki ong ba u %o\i-grape u soh tyr' Tyrjup, j jaiti ha iing' I Babu William, mo?"] Tyrma, ad. by chance, aimlessly, [as, ''phi leit iashang tyrma shato, la iap ho."] Tyrnem, u, n. a hammer. *Tyrpad, ('la-), ha, n. a bay-leaf, tespdt. Tyrpait, Jca, n, a mashan or platform made of bamboo split or beaten flat. Tyrpeng, ka, 7t, a shoulder. {Tyrphin, ka, n. turpentine. Tyrphut, ad. nasty (wet) ; [as, " balei ba u ksew u jhieh tyrphtit kumne ?"] Tyrpud, ka, n, a big lizard. CTyrsain, v. to have cramp or a creeping cold sensation (generally "^of the feet) ; " the feet have gone to sleep." Tyr?aw, (iap-), ad. (to faint) out of hunger^ or thirst ; [as, "wat leit jiugleit jngM khlem da song ja ioh iap fyrsdiv.''] [Imit, tyrsa w — ty rsian. ] Tyrsem, ad. nicely (dressed). Tyrshait, ad. having the appearance of many fruits hanging on a tree ; [as, " mynta ka snem u sohbha u sohmyntra tyrshait'''] Tyrsiang, a. smooth, slippery. Tyrsim, ka, w. the nail, the hoof, the claw. Tyrsuh, v, to poke, to incite, to urge vehemently. Tyrtai, ad. very (dirty) ; [as, " ki Mawshai ki dang lehsih mynno mynno phar tyrtai.'"'] Tyrtew, ad. in ragged clothes ; [as, '' balei ba jot ka sopti tyrtew kumne ? "] Tyrtho, ka, n. a froth ; — z^. to babble, to make an empty show in speech. Tyrthup-um, ka, n. foam. Tyr-ut, ka,n. the demoness who brings about misfortune to a man, esp. violent death. [I^nit. ka tyr-ut — ka smer], Tyrwa, v. to propose, to offer, to tender. Tyrwieng, ka, n, a potsherd. * Hiadi. J English.

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2i2 U UM-SAW U, tlie 19tli letter in the Khasi Alphabet. U, p, sign of masculine, he, it, an, the. Uba, p. who, which, that. tJd, V. to groan, to complain, to hum, [Iniit. ud— khiiium.] U-ei ? p. who P TJei-uet, /?. any, anyone. U-ei-re-u-ei, p, somebody, someone. Ullong, same as m'long. Urn, ka, n, water, juice. [ImiL ka um-ka wah.] — v. to melt, to dissolve ; — {contr. oi kyn-um) a brother-in-law (used as a term of respect and also in the case of address). U'm, phr. he not, he'll not. Um-bah, a. having much water in a stream or river ; — v. to over5 flow ; — ka, n. flood, big stream. [Imit, um-bah-um-san.] XJm-biah, ka, n. saliva, spittle. Um-koi, ka, n. a well where sacrifices and oaths are performed TJmja, ka, n. conjee. TJm-jakar, ka, n. the humours of the body ; human seedj Um-jah, ka, n, cold water. \Imit. umjah-umtngam.] XJm-j^r, ka, n. dews. TJmjiat, ka, n. water which drains from the crevices of rooks, etc.", through marshy places. XJm-jung, ka, n. mine. TJm-mat, ka, n. tears. [Imit. ka um-mat-um-mut, ka iim-mat-ka iimpung]. TJm-mluh, ka, n. salt-spring, salt-water. TJmpohliew, ka, n. a spring, a fountain. Um-pyrd6ng, ka, n. water in a well in which an oath, libation and rice is sprinkled in connection with sacrificial ceremonies. TJm-reit, (long-), a. lively and dark (complexion). TJm-rieng, ka, n. fresh or pure water as distinguished from water in which something has been mixed or dissolved. Um-rmu ' 1 ^^^ ^* ^^^^^^i^^ on a wound lor sorej TJm-saw, ka^ n. a flood. [Imit, umsaw-umsian.]

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243 UM-SHAR UWEl Um-shdr, ka, n, cold water poured into hot water to lower its temperature. Um-sliit, ka, n. hot-water ; soup. Um-shitja, kat n. conjee. TJm-snam-(ia — ), v. to shed one's blood. TJm-syep, ka, n. sweat : personal income. TJm-thet, ka, n. water with which hands have been washed. Um-thlong, ka, n. water which gathers in a pot-hole of a stream, Um-thra, ka, n, water which issues before the delivery of a child, um-iimj (s'aid-), a. lukewarm, warm. Umwi, ki, n. people living in the country through which the stream Umwi near Jarain passes. "U'n, phr. he will. line, p. this (near me). Uno ? p. which ? Uno-re-uno, p. someone, somebody. Uno-uno, p. whoever, any one. tlr, V. to slip, to fall ; — ad, with a rumbling noise ; with a warm sensation. \Imit. ur-hap.] Urlong, V. to happen, to come to pass (as predicted or expected). TJr-met, ha, n. menstruation. Urwir-urhap, v. to reside as an alien in a place. ^ J Usa, V. to dress and smooth the plastering of a wall by means of a piece of board. *Ut, ka, n. a camel. Ut-shi-ut, ad. slowly, hesitatingly ; procrastinating, dilatory ; [as, '* ka jingkhreh ut-shi-ut naduh mynno ym lah dep shuh".] tfta, p. he (out of sight). TJtai, p. he (within sight). TJtai-tai, p. he (there within sight). TJtei, p. he (up there). Uthie, p. he (down there). Uto, p. he (near you). Uwei, a. one. • Hindi.

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2U UWEI-LA-UWEI WAlfJ TJwei-la-uwei, p. someone else. TFwei-u-dr, p. some other person. TJwei pat, phr. another. W, tlie 20tli letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Wa ! interj. denoting surprise, hallo 1 Wah-wab,") (jem-_), ad. flexibly, x)liably, [as, "une ushken u long Web-Aveb,j" ubajem 7f(?^-a'«i."] Wak, ad. abruptly ; asnnder, [a^, " n phai noh ^vah na ka lynti kaba belt "; " u David u kad wak ia ka shyntm' n sing. "] Wad, V. to seek, to search, to look for. \_Imit. wad-thud.] Wadnr, Ut n. a Wahacladar ; a president ; a president or ruler of the Sheila confideracy. "Wad-buit, v. to find out the secret, plan, trick, etc. "Wad-dong, v. to seek an excuse. Wad-lad, v. to seek a means or an opportunity. Wiid-nia, v. to seek a pretext for controversy ; to find out suitable arguments for prosecuting a case. Wad-phoi, v. to seek a quarrel. Wang, u, or ka, n. a taro-stalk {Colncasia antiquorum); — ad. ajar . wide open, [as, " u plie wang ia ka iing. "] Wang-wang, \ (kylluid-), ad. very (loose) ; [as, "kine ki juti ki Weng-weng, ) kyildid -wang-wang ha nga"j ; weakly. Wah, ka, n. a stream, a river; — v. to suspend, to hang. [/mU. ka wah-ka urn] Wah-bah, ka, n. a large river, [/mit. wahbah-wahsan.] Wah-duit, ka, n. a rivulet, a streamlet. [ImiL wahduit-wahrit.] Wai, V. to finish up, to cease, to bring to a close. Wai-wtii, (tlot-) ad. weakly, [as, " nga dang sngew tlot wdi-wdi mynta ba'n laid jngai, "] [/mit. waiwai-witwit.] V^i {abbrev. of "kwai"), u, n. an areca nut; — {abbrev.oi " khwai "), 21', n. a fishing hook. »wai-khdw, ti, n. a fresh areca nut. 'wdi-dong, u, n. rolled or prepared betel-nut; a hhili (Hindi.) VWain, ka, n. wine; — ad. easily (bent) ; (as, *' u prek u la dor iioam " ); of a proper length (as, " u ksai uba jrong wain ").

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245 'WAl-SOHLAPER —WAT Vai-solilaper, w, n. the fniit of a small kind of palm. 'wai-sohpari, w, n. dried areca nut. Wait, ka^ n. a dao^ a lieayy large bladed knife. Wait-bnoh, ka) n. a da with a crooked head. Wait-khmnt, ka^ n. same as '* wait-bnoh. " Waitlam, ka, n. a sword. Wait lyngkai, ka^ n. a del having a tapering point. Wait-lyng-en, ka, n. a da with a convex edge. Wait-lyngiigun, ka,'^n. a straight heavy ^« nsed in felling trees and in dressing timbers and planks. Wait-tyng krong, ka, ?2. a dci with two legs or props attached* to the back thereof, used in dressing fish, etc. V<4i-um, u, n. areca nut preserved in water, in a well or vessel. Wai-wot, ad. finally, [as, " u kren wdiwot ynda la pynjew eh ia u bad u leit noh thiaw sha la shnong. "] Wallam, v. to bring, to fetch. (Same as wanlam). Wan, V. to come. Wankai, v. to come on a visit. \Jmit. wan-kai-wan-iaid]. Wan-doh, v. to be full in flesh, especially after protracted illnessj [as, " mynta u la wandoh pat, toi, u la sah kat i nap ".] Wan-dm', v. to be in the proper shape, symmetrical, [fmit. wandiir-wandar.] Wan-met, v. to become full in flesh, to become strong, [fmit' wanmet-wanphad. ] Wan-on, v. to accompany a person on his journey. Wan-rwing, v. to go to any place and return back the same day. Wan-shaw, v. to come and fetch a person or thing. Wan-tan, v. to come to meet a person on the way. Wan-wu'-wan-hdp, v. to reside as a stranger and not as a citizen. War, 71. the people living in the southern low lands of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills ; [hnit. u War-u Riat.] War, ad. far behind, spaciously, [as, "ieng kylluid war.''] Waris, n. a successor, an heir. Wat, V. {Jmper.), do not, don't ; — ad. ev0n[as, *' wat u masi ruh u tip la u kynrad."] —wat (suffix) --= times, as, shl-wat once, ar-wa^ twice, etc.

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246 WAW YM LAPLIENG Waw ! interj. alas ! dear me ! Weng, V, to remove, to take away. "Wei, adj. one ; — conj. since, in asmucli as, [as, ** wei phi la kular topyndep mynta. ") ; — v. to pom*, 'wei, {abbrev. of "thwei"), ka, n. a pool. Wer, V. to invite, to hire. Wer-kynbat, v. to weed. Wer-wer, ad. as a rumour, (as, " nga sngew wer-wer kumba ka sor Laban ka'n leit noh mo ? ") "Wet, V. to put a strap round to carry, to fasten a " star " or head strap into a knot. Wia, ad. with a whiz, (as, " ka khlieng ka suh wia na jrong ".) Wiak, ad. just, a little, (as, " tang shu lait wiak u la shoh ia ki. ") Wiang, V. to set fire to (a house or jungle)— ^'«, n. a (brass) plate. "Wiar, V. to bark. "Wiat, V. to draw (a bow string), to smile. "Wiat-samrkhie, v. to smile. 'wieng, {contraction, of '' fyrwieng^^ ), ka, n. a potsherd. , "Wieh, V. to dip, to steep ; — ti, n. earth-worm. [/mit. u wieh-u ktiar] . Win, V. to be uproarious, to be in a tumult, to move. "Wir, (iaid-), ad. astray, as a stranger. Wit, a. hindering, obsructiug ; — v. to be in the family way. Woh, V. to fasten with a hook, to hook. Woh-daw, V. to seek a plea for argument. [Imit. wohddw-woh" dong.] Woh-nia, v. to object, to criticise. Y. IT, the last letter in the Khasi Alphabet. Ym, ad. not. Ym banse, phr. to be obliged to, it cannot be helped. Ym don bak, p/ir. not to have authority to do anything, not to dare. Ym laplieng, phr. to be in a mighty hurry.

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247 YM LEI-LEI YNGKOID Ym lei-lei, pkr, it will not fare ill, it will not go wrong ; it will be all right. Yn, cmx. v. will, shall. Yn lei, phr. it will do no harm, it will be all right. Yn sa, phr. it will. Ynda, conj, after, when, till. Yn-nai, ad. no, not, I do not want it ; (as, ** phi'm ia bdm ja ? " — **Em phi, koit, j>/« ndi, ") Yngkiiid (sati-), kai n. a magic ring. Addenda, Bajikor, tt, n. a juggler. Karikor, u, n. a mechanic. Kyrhuh, v. to roar, to thundet. fwjit, V. to have the small of boiled food which has been left for a long time. Lyngknep, ka. n. the area.

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S'HILLONG : Printed and published by E. Hili, Superintendent, Eastern Bengal and Assam Secretariat Printing Office : (Genl.) No. 475 — 500—26.1-1906.

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FOURTEEN DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. U3o'55EO >ij L 2 2 1975 I l5Apr'6W ST/^ ;KS ~m^'^ Rt£C'D LtF f'i; 15:64 -9 PM j2m^g^:^C^^ A^ \j.V' ^# ^ Dueendo?^NTtR Quarter subject to f§^i ^^*^r FEB S^^* RFC niR. JUL 20 7. OCT 2 3 ^00» LD 21-100m-2,'55 (B139s22)476 General Library University of California Berkeley

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